SKELETAL SYSTEMSKELETAL SYSTEM

Chapter 6

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FUNCTIONSFUNCTIONS

• Supports body structure and provides shape to the body

• Protects internal organs• Allows movement and anchorage

of muscles• Provides mineral storage• Allows hemopoiesis

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STRUCTURE AND STRUCTURE AND FORMATION OF BONEFORMATION OF BONE

• Bones consist of microscopic cells called osteocytes

• Ossification is the process where mineral matter starts to replace cartilage, creating bone

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STRUCTURE OF LONG BONESTRUCTURE OF LONG BONE

• Diaphysis is the long, hollow cylinder of hard, compact bone

• At each end of the diaphysis is an epiphysis

• The medullary canal in the center, is filled with marrow, and is surrounded by compact or hard bones

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STRUCTURE OF LONG BONESTRUCTURE OF LONG BONE

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STRUTURE OF LONG BONESTRUTURE OF LONG BONE

• The endosteum is the lining of the marrow canal that keeps the cavity intact

• Periosteum, a tough, fibrous tissue containing blood vessels, lymph nodes and nerves covers the outside

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GROWTHGROWTH

• Bones grow in length and ossify from the center toward the extremities

• Osteoblasts are bone cells that deposit new bone

• Osteoclasts are bone cells that secrete enzymes to dissolve bone structure

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BONE TYPESBONE TYPES

• Four types of bones are:– Long bones - upper and lower arms

and legs– Flat bones - skull and ribs– Irregular bones - spinal column– Short bones - wrists and ankles

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PARTS OF THE PARTS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEMSKELETAL SYSTEM

• Axial Skeleton consists of:– Skull– Spinal column– Ribs– Sternum (breast bone)– Hyoid bone

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PARTS OF THE PARTS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEMSKELETAL SYSTEM

• Appendicular Skeleton– Shoulder Girdle– Arm– Hand– Pelvic Girdle

– Upper Leg– Lower Leg– Ankle– Foot

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PARTS OF THE PARTS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEMSKELETAL SYSTEM

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JOINTS AND RELATED JOINTS AND RELATED STRUCTURESSTRUCTURES

• Diarthroses (movable) joints– Ball-and-socket joints– Hinge joints– Pivot joints– Gliding joints

• Amphiarthroses (partially movable) joints

• Synarthroses (immovable) joints

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JOINTS AND RELATED JOINTS AND RELATED STRUCTURESSTRUCTURES

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TYPES OF MOTIONTYPES OF MOTION

• Flexion• Extension• Abduction• Adduction• Circumduction• Rotation• Pronation

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DISORDERS OF THE DISORDERS OF THE BONES AND JOINTSBONES AND JOINTS

• Fracture– Greenstick– Closed/simple– Open/compound– Comminuted

• Dislocation• Sprain

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DISORDERS OF THE DISORDERS OF THE BONES AND JOINTSBONES AND JOINTS

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DISEASES OF THE BONESDISEASES OF THE BONES

• Arthritis: – Rheumatoid, Osteoarthritis

• Gout• Rickets• Slipped (herniated) disk• Whiplash injury• Abnormal curvatures of the spine

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OTHER MEDICALLY RELATED OTHER MEDICALLY RELATED DISORDERSDISORDERS

• Osteoporosis• Osteomyelitis• Osteosarcoma