skeletal system 10 11 elephant bird (madagascar) ** extinct 16 th century
TRANSCRIPT
Skeletal System
1011
Elephant Bird (Madagascar)** Extinct 16th Century
Fig. 4-4 in Podulka et al. 2004
Skeletal System
Function:
Fig. 4-23 in Podulka et al. 2004
Function:
Function:
1
Function:
12 13
Skeleton Tissue I: Bone
Bone Tissue: Non-LivingOsteon, Lamellae
HydroxyapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
Bone Tissue: LivingOsteocytes (Lacuna)
Bone Tissue: VascularizationHaversian Canals, Canaliculi
5
Bone Tissue: Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts
http://www.medscape.com/content/2005/00/49/69/496917/art-nrc496917.fig1.gif
Bone Tissue
OstionHydroxyapatiteOsteocytesLacunaLamellaMatrix (= Osteoid)Haversian CanalCanaliculiOsteoblastOsteoclast
Mallard: 2.5 kg Mink: 2.5 kg
Fig. 4-3 in Podulka et al. 2004
Pneumatic Bones
Proctor and Lynch 1993 (p. 136)
Fig. 4-7 in Podulka et al. 2004
Pneumatization(Passerine Chick)
14
15More Pneumatic Less Pneumatic
Skeletal Tissue:
Fig. 4-23 in Podulka et al. 2004
2) Tendons 3) Ligaments 4) Cartilage
Skeletal Tissue 4: Cartilage
Fig. 4-6 in Podulka et al. 2004
Axial versus Appendicular Skeleton
Axial Skeleton: Skull
Fig. 4-8 in Podulka et al. 2004
(Cranum, Orbit, Ear Opening)
Fig. 4-47 in Podulka et al. 2004
20
Axial Skeleton: Skull
(Craniaofacial Hinge, Premaxilla, Dentary, Articular, Quadrate, Jugal Arch, Palatine)
Fig. 4-10 in Podulka et al. 2004
Cranial Kinesis
Fig. 4-10 in Podulka et al. 2004
Cranial Kinesis
1718
1920
Ichthyornis
Axial Skeleton: Skull(Teeth?)
Axial Skeleton: Skull(Hyoid Apparatus: Tongue Bone + Hyoid Horns)
Fig. 4-11 in Podulka et al. 2004
Axial Skeleton: Skull(Hyoid Apparatus)
Fig. 4-12 in Podulka et al. 2004
Axial Skeleton: SkullPremaxillaDentaryPremaxillaryDentaryCraniofacial HingeQuadrateArticularOrbitEar OpeningHyoid ApparatusHyoid HornsTongue Bone = Entoglossal BoneOccipital Condyle
Axial Skeleton: Vertebrae
2024
Axial Skeleton: Vertebrae(Atlas, Axis (Dens)
Fig. 4-14 in Podulka et al. 2004
Axial Skeleton: Vertebrae
Fig. 4-13 in Podulka et al. 2004
(Heterocoelous Centrum Ends of Free Vertebrae)
Axial Skeleton: Vertebrae(Vertebral Regions)
Axial Skeleton: Vertebrae(Cervical Vertebra)
Fig. 4-14 in Podulka et al. 2004
(Spinous Process, Centrum, Rib Remnant)
Axial Skeleton: Vertebrae
Fig. 4-14b in Podulka et al. 2004
(Thoracic Verbebra, Notarium)
( Fused Spinous Processes, Rib Facets)
Axial Skeleton: Vertebrae
(Fig. 4-14b in Podulka et al. 2004)
(Thoracic Vertebrae)
(Spinous Processes, Vertebral Rib, Uncinate Process)
Axial Skeleton: Vertebrae(Synsacrum)
Fig. 4-6 in Podulka et al. 2004
Axial Skeleton: Vertebrae
(Free Caudal Vertebra, Pygostyle)
Fig. 4-6 in Podulka et al. 2004
Axial Skeleton (Vertebrae)AtlasAxisDensCervical VertebraeSpinous ProcessRib RemnantHeterocoelus Centrum EndsNotariumThoracic VertebraeSpinous ProcessesRib FacetsSynsacrumLower Caudal VertebraePygostyle
Fig. 4-15 in Podulka et al. 2004
Axial Skeleton: Thoracic Cage(Vertebral Rib, Uncinate Process, Sternal Rib)
Appendicular Skeleton
• Wings• Hind Limb• Pectoral Girdle• Sternum• Pelvic Girdle
Axial Skeleton: Sternum(Sternum (Carina = Keel))
Fig. 4-15 in Podulka et al. 2004 22
Axial Skeleton: Sternum
Fig. 4-19 in Podulka et al. 200423
“Ratite”
Fig. 4-14 in Podulka et al. 2004
Appendicular Skeleton: Wing Bones
(Humerus, Ulna, Radius, Carpometacarpus, Phalange)
Appendicular Skeleton: Pectoral Girdle
Fig. 4-16 in Podulka et al. 2004
ScapularsClavicles (Furcula)CoracoidsForamen Triosseum
Fig. 4-16 in Podulka et al. 2004
Appendicular Skeleton: Pectoral Girdle
Appendicular Skeleton: Pelvic Girdle(Ilium, Ischium, Pubis)
Fig. 4-20 in Podulka et al. 2004
Appendicular Skeleton: Lower Leg
(Fig. 4-21 in Podulka et al. 2004)
Femur
Tibiotarsus
Tarsometatarsus
Digits
Appendicular Skeleton
SternumCarinaScapularsClavicles (= Furcula)CoracoidsForamen TriosseumHumerusUlnaRadiusCarpometacarpusPhalanges
IliumIschiumPubisFemurTibiotarsusTarsometatarsusDigits
1 http://photography.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/NGS/ Shared/StaticFiles/Photography/Images/POD/b/bird-egg-587771-sw.jpg
2 http://pharyngula.org/images/duck_air_sacs.jpg
3 http://www.med.mun.ca/anatomyts/msk/Bone9.gif
4 http://vitanetonline.com/images/products/4579.jpg
5 http://facstaff.bloomu.edu/jhranitz/Courses/APHNT/Lab_Pictures/osteonw.jpg
6 http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/histology/labmanual2002/labsection1/ CartilageandBone03_files/image004.jpg
7 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Osteoclast.jpg
8 http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v445/n7125/images/nature05435-f2.2.jpg
9 http://d.yimg.com/origin1.lifestyles.yahoo.com/ls/he/healthwise/n5550583.jpg
10 http://www.boneclones.com/images/sc-241-lg.jpg
11 http://www.usd.edu/biol/faculty/swanson/ornith/pics/elephant.gif
12 http://www.calacademy.org/exhibits/skulls/structure_function/cassowary.jpg
13 http://www.missionbeachtourism.com/Graphics/Cassowary- CloseUp.jpg
14 http://www.greglasley.net/Images/Royal-Albatross-0021.jpg
15 http://bwfov.typepad.com/birders_world_field_of_vi/images/2007/ 07/18/loon_2.jpg
16 http://www.wunderground.com/data/wximagenew/o/Olbetsy/978.jpg
17 http://www.learner.org/jnorth/images/graphics/a-b/Beak-Merganser.jpg
18 http://www.bowdoin.edu/~dbensen/Spec/Ichthyornithiformskulls.jpg
19 http://www.capebretonbirds.ca/commonmerganser.jpg
20 http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/NGS/Shared/StaticFiles/ animals/images/primary/boreal-owl.jpg
21 http://www.worth1000.com/entries/85000/85162ejLI_w.jpg
22 http://img.tfd.com/thumb/1/14/Vogelskelett.jpg
23 http://www.4staremuranch.com/images/emu2.jpg
24 http://www.schmoker.org/BirdPics/Photos/ShorebirdsWaders/AMBI_4.jpg