skeletal - iteachly.com · skeletal summary skeletal system provides form and support to the body....
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Skeletal - iTeachly.com · Skeletal Summary Skeletal system provides form and support to the body. There are two divisions of human skeleton: axial and appendicular. Bones are classified](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060221/5f0772d77e708231d41d08d6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
SkeletalUnit 9 Lesson 3
![Page 2: Skeletal - iTeachly.com · Skeletal Summary Skeletal system provides form and support to the body. There are two divisions of human skeleton: axial and appendicular. Bones are classified](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060221/5f0772d77e708231d41d08d6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Skeletal
Students will be able to:
• Explain the purpose of the skeletal system.
• Discuss the structure and formation of the bones.
• Distinguish the different types of joints
• Identify the causes of some of the common problems in the bones
Key Vocabulary:
spongy, marrow, ligaments, joints, skeleton
![Page 3: Skeletal - iTeachly.com · Skeletal Summary Skeletal system provides form and support to the body. There are two divisions of human skeleton: axial and appendicular. Bones are classified](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060221/5f0772d77e708231d41d08d6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Skeletal
The skeletal system provides form and support to the body. Bones, the major organ
✓protect the vital organs inside the body
✓provide anchor or support to the muscles
✓produce blood cells.
![Page 4: Skeletal - iTeachly.com · Skeletal Summary Skeletal system provides form and support to the body. There are two divisions of human skeleton: axial and appendicular. Bones are classified](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060221/5f0772d77e708231d41d08d6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Skeletal
There are two divisions of human skeleton. ▪ The axial skeleton includes the skull,
vertebral column, ribs and sternum.▪ The appendicular skeleton includes
bones of the arms, hands, legs, feet, shoulders and hips.
![Page 5: Skeletal - iTeachly.com · Skeletal Summary Skeletal system provides form and support to the body. There are two divisions of human skeleton: axial and appendicular. Bones are classified](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060221/5f0772d77e708231d41d08d6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Skeletal
Bone StructureBone is a connective tissue. Bones are classified as long, short, flat or irregular. ▪ Arm and leg bones are long bones. ▪ Wrist bones are short bones. ▪ The skull is made up of flat bones. ▪ The bones of the face and vertebrae are
irregular bones.
![Page 6: Skeletal - iTeachly.com · Skeletal Summary Skeletal system provides form and support to the body. There are two divisions of human skeleton: axial and appendicular. Bones are classified](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060221/5f0772d77e708231d41d08d6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Skeletal
Figure 1: Types of Bones
![Page 7: Skeletal - iTeachly.com · Skeletal Summary Skeletal system provides form and support to the body. There are two divisions of human skeleton: axial and appendicular. Bones are classified](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060221/5f0772d77e708231d41d08d6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Skeletal
Bone MarrowThe two types of bone marrow are red and yellow. Red bone marrow produces red and white blood cells and platelets. Red bone marrow is found in humerus, femur, sternum, ribs, vertebrae, and pelvis. Yellow bone marrow in other bones contains stored fat.
Figure 2: Bone Anatomy
![Page 8: Skeletal - iTeachly.com · Skeletal Summary Skeletal system provides form and support to the body. There are two divisions of human skeleton: axial and appendicular. Bones are classified](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060221/5f0772d77e708231d41d08d6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Skeletal
Bone formation and repairThe skeletons of embryos are made of cartilage. Bone forms from osteoblasts through ossification. Except for body parts such as nose, ears, and vertebrate disks, the human skeleton is a bone. Osteoblasts are also responsible for bone growth and repair.
![Page 9: Skeletal - iTeachly.com · Skeletal Summary Skeletal system provides form and support to the body. There are two divisions of human skeleton: axial and appendicular. Bones are classified](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060221/5f0772d77e708231d41d08d6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Skeletal
Bone are constantly being remodeled, which means old bone cells are replaced with new cells. Cells called osteoclasts break down bone cells, which are replaced with new cells.
![Page 10: Skeletal - iTeachly.com · Skeletal Summary Skeletal system provides form and support to the body. There are two divisions of human skeleton: axial and appendicular. Bones are classified](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060221/5f0772d77e708231d41d08d6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Skeletal
When a bone is broken, endorphins flood the area. They reduce the pain for a short time. The injured area swells and a blood clot forms at the break in the bone (see figure 3). New bone begins to form within eight hours. First, cartilage forms at the location of the fracture. This tissue is weak. In about three weeks, osteoblasts form a spongy bone around the fracture. Later, osteoblasts remove the spongy bone while osteoblasts create stronger compact bone to replace it. Splints and casts help keep broken bones in place until new bone forms. Figure 3: Bone Fracture
![Page 11: Skeletal - iTeachly.com · Skeletal Summary Skeletal system provides form and support to the body. There are two divisions of human skeleton: axial and appendicular. Bones are classified](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060221/5f0772d77e708231d41d08d6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Skeletal
JointsTwo or more bones meet at a joint. Each joint allows a certain type of movement except the skull bones. Ligaments hold the bones together. It is a tough band of connective tissue that attach one bone to another.
![Page 12: Skeletal - iTeachly.com · Skeletal Summary Skeletal system provides form and support to the body. There are two divisions of human skeleton: axial and appendicular. Bones are classified](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060221/5f0772d77e708231d41d08d6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Skeletal
a. Ball-and-Socketball-like surface fits into cuplike depression in another bone; allows widest range of motion, such as swinging arms
Example: hip joint, shoulder joint
![Page 13: Skeletal - iTeachly.com · Skeletal Summary Skeletal system provides form and support to the body. There are two divisions of human skeleton: axial and appendicular. Bones are classified](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060221/5f0772d77e708231d41d08d6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Skeletal
b. pivotprimary movement is rotation, such as twisting lower arm
Example: elbow joint
![Page 14: Skeletal - iTeachly.com · Skeletal Summary Skeletal system provides form and support to the body. There are two divisions of human skeleton: axial and appendicular. Bones are classified](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060221/5f0772d77e708231d41d08d6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Skeletal
c. hingeoutward curve of one bone fits into inward curve of another bone; allows back and forth movement
Example: knee joint
![Page 15: Skeletal - iTeachly.com · Skeletal Summary Skeletal system provides form and support to the body. There are two divisions of human skeleton: axial and appendicular. Bones are classified](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060221/5f0772d77e708231d41d08d6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Skeletal
d. glidingallows side to side and back and forth movement
Example: wrist joint, ankle joint and vertebra
![Page 16: Skeletal - iTeachly.com · Skeletal Summary Skeletal system provides form and support to the body. There are two divisions of human skeleton: axial and appendicular. Bones are classified](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060221/5f0772d77e708231d41d08d6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Skeletal
e. suturesjoints in the skull that are not movable
Example: skull joint
![Page 17: Skeletal - iTeachly.com · Skeletal Summary Skeletal system provides form and support to the body. There are two divisions of human skeleton: axial and appendicular. Bones are classified](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060221/5f0772d77e708231d41d08d6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Skeletal
Common Problems in the BonesOsteoporosis
Calcium in the diet is important to bone growth and repair. Too little calcium can lead to a condition called osteoporosis, which results in weak bones that break easily.
![Page 18: Skeletal - iTeachly.com · Skeletal Summary Skeletal system provides form and support to the body. There are two divisions of human skeleton: axial and appendicular. Bones are classified](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060221/5f0772d77e708231d41d08d6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Skeletal
Osteoarthritis is a painful condition that affects joints and results when cartilage in the joints deteriorates. Injury to a joint can result in osteoarthritis.
Rheumatoid arthritis affects the joints but does not result from deteriorating cartilage. Affected joints are swollen and painful. The joints lose both strength and function.
![Page 19: Skeletal - iTeachly.com · Skeletal Summary Skeletal system provides form and support to the body. There are two divisions of human skeleton: axial and appendicular. Bones are classified](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060221/5f0772d77e708231d41d08d6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Skeletal
Bursitis is an inflammation of the bursae, causing pain, swelling and reduction in movement.
Sprain is a damage to the ligaments of a joint. Sprains result from overstretching a joint and cause pain and swelling.
![Page 20: Skeletal - iTeachly.com · Skeletal Summary Skeletal system provides form and support to the body. There are two divisions of human skeleton: axial and appendicular. Bones are classified](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060221/5f0772d77e708231d41d08d6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Skeletal
Summary✓ Skeletal system provides form and support to the
body.✓ There are two divisions of human skeleton: axial and
appendicular.✓ Bones are classified as long, short, flat or irregular. ✓ The five types of joints are ball and socket, hinge,
pivot, gliding and sutures.