skeletal disorders may occur with bone, cartilage, ligaments, joints
TRANSCRIPT
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Skeletal Disorders
May Occur with Bone, Cartilage, Ligaments, Joints
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Tumors & Cancers
• Osteosarcoma– Common– Fatal
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Tumors & Cancers
• Chondrosarcoma– Skeletal Cartilage
Cancer
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Tumors & Cancers
• Fibrosarcoma– Malignant– Bone Marrow– Excessive Connective
Tissue Production
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Osteoporosis
• Most Common & Serious– “Condition of bone
pores”
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Osteoporosis
• Excessive loss of calcium & collagen fibers– Decrease in bone
volume / Holes
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Osteoporosis
• Bones are brittle & easily broken– Spontaneous
Fractures– Femur & Vertebrae
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Osteoporosis
• Most frequently in white elderly women– Decreasing sex
hormones reduces bone growth and bone mass maintenance
– Kyphosis most notable outward sign• Shrink
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Osteomalacia
• Decrease in Hard Minerals– Bone volume remains
the same
• Demineralization• Vitamin D deficiency
– Required to absorb Ca and P
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• In children, it is called Rickets
• Bone Deformities• Ca imbalance can
lead to death
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Paget Disease
• Also called Osteitis deformans
• Affects Older Adults• Characterized by
abnormal bone remodeling
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• Normal Spongy Bone replaced by disorganized new bone– Thickens entire bone
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Osteomyelitis
• Bacterial infections of bone and marrow tissue
• Staphylococcus most common
• Difficult to treat due to bone density and slow healing
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Bone Fractures• Open Fractures
– The bone pierces the skin– Compound
• Closed Fractures– The bone does not pierce the skin– Simple
• Complete– Displacement
• Incomplete– No Displacement
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Fracture Types• Greenstick
– Bone is broken only on one side
• Comminuted– Break that produces many
fragments• Impacted
– Bone fragments are driven into each other
• Transverse– Fracture is at a right angle
to the bone’s long axis• Oblique
– Fracture is diagonal to the bone’s long axis
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Name that Fracture
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TRANSVERSE
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GREENSTICK
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OBLIQUE
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COMMINUTED
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IMPACTED
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Joint DisordersNon-inflammatory
&
Inflammatory
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Noninflammatory Joint Disease
• Does NOT inflame the Synovial Membrane
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Osteoarthritis
• Also known as degenerative joint disease
• Most Common• Degeneration of the
articular cartilage• Advanced Age, Joint
Damage, Joint Stress
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Dislocation
• When the articular surfaces of bones are no longer in proper contact
• Bone stays OUT of the joint
• SUBLUXATION– Reduces on its own
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Sprain
• An acute injury to the ligaments around a joint
• Tear of the Ligament
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Inflammatory Joint Disease
• Arthritis• Inflammed Synovial Membrane• Many causes
– Infection– Genetics– Autoimmunity
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Rheumatoid Arthritis• Autoimmune Disorder• Chromic inflammation
of connective tissues– Begins in the synovial
membrane– Spreads to cartilage &
other tissues• Crippling• Juvenile Rheumatoid
Arthritis– More Severe– More Common in Girls
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Gouty Arthritis
• Gout• Metabolic Condition• Increase in Uric Acid
in Blood– Alcohol, Sweet, Fat– Sodium Urate Crystals
deposited in Distal Joints
– Trigger Chronic Inflammation
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Infectious Arthritis
• Pathogens cause synovial infection
• Joint Deterioration• Most Common
Bacterial• Other Signs &
Symptoms• Lyme Disease
– Ticks