skeletal and muscular system. tissue a tissue is considered a collection of cells that are similar...
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Skeletal and Muscular System
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Tissue
• A tissue is considered a collection of cells that are similar in structure and work together to perform a certain function.
• There are different types of tissue:– Muscle Tissue– Nervous Tissue – Epithelial Tissue– Connective Tissue
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Muscle Tissue
• Muscle tissue is composed of cells that can contract. Contraction is their main function.
• There is three types of muscle tissue:– Skeletal muscle: Moves your bones – Smooth muscle: Movement of bodily functions we
don’t consciously control (Example: our bowels)– Cardiac Muscle: Pumps the heart and has cells
that can send out an electrical impulse.
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Nervous Tissue• Nervous Tissue is made up of cells that can
send and receive chemical signals.
• Nervous Tissue is made up of neurons.
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Epithelial Tissue• Epithelial Tissue is designed as a covering. It’s
main function is to protect and give support.• It lines your blood vessels, holds up your
organs and covers the outside of your body.
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Connective Tissue
• These tissues are meant to connect and support structures. They can be solids, liquid or in between.
• These tissues include: – Ligament– Tendons– Bone– Cartilage– Fat – Blood
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Muscle Cells
• Each single muscle cell is elongated and is called a fiber.
• Put the muscle fibers together and you have a fascicles.
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Muscle Movement
• Muscle movement is either voluntary or involuntary.
• Contractions that can be consciously controlled are called voluntary muscle movements.
• Contractions that can NOT be consciously controlled are called involuntary muscle movement.
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How do the muscles contract
• With in each muscle fiber there are filaments.
• There is a set of Myosin filaments which have little hooks and a set of Actin filaments that look like strands of beads.
• Along the fiber there is a section where Actin filaments attach. This region is called the Sarcomere.
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How Do muscles Contract
• When nerves in the muscle receive a signal to contract it stimulates the muscle.
• The Myosin use their little hooks to pull the Actin Filaments together.
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Force
• When a single muscle fiber is stimulated is contracts fully.
• If more force is needed more fibers are activated. More Fibers more force.
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Tendons• Skeletal Muscles are generally attached
directly to the bone.
• The muscles itself can attach or a tough fibrous cord called a Tendon attaches to the muscle and the bone.
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Ligaments/Cartilage• Ligaments are also hard connective tissue, but
their main purpose is to hold together joints.
• Cartilage is another sturdy tissue, but in this case it is made to either protect or replace bone.
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The skeleton
• The Skeleton has two main parts, the Axial and the Appendicular.
• The Axial Skeleton is your skull, ribs, spine, and sternum.
• Appendicular is the arms, legs and all the bones that join them to the trunk of your body.
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Bones
• The Skeletal system provides protection and support, but bones are not completely solid all the way through.
• Bones have layers……….just like ogres.
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Bone Structure• The surface of a bone has a tough membrane
that is full of blood vessels and nerves.• This outer layer is called the Periosteum.
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Bone Structure
• Under the Periosteum is the hard thick layer called the Compact Bone.
• This is the part of the bone that gives it its rigidity and strength.
• It’s made of Proteins and Minerals (calcium)
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Bone Structure• In between the layers of protein are actual
bone cells called Osteocytes.
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Bone Structure• With in the compact bone are channels. Each
Channel carries a blood vein and an artery.• These Channels are called Haversian Canals
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Bone Structure• Beneath the compact bone is the Spongy
Bone.• You would think it was soft, but it’s not. It’s
hard and is another form of support and strength.
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Bone Structure
• With in the Spongy Bone is the Bone Marrow.
• Bone Marrow is a softer tissue that produces red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells.
• This is where new blood cells are made.
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Bone Development
• In the second month of fetal development the skeleton is mostly cartilage.
• In the third month minerals start to grow in between the cells of the cartilage turning the cartilage to bone.
• This process is called Ossification.
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Bone Growth
• After you are born (and through out your teenage years) your bones continue to grow.
• The growth occurs at the end of your long bones in an area called the Epiphyseal Plate (growth plate)
• The plate produces cartilege cells that push against the shaft of the bone there by elongating it.
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Bone Growth.
• The plate produces cartilage cells that push against the shaft of the bone there by elongating it.
• The older cartilage cells die off and are replaced by bone.
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Class work
• Write a paragraph describing the largest muscle group on your animal as well as why those muscles are the most developed.
• After you have written your paragraph go to a lab table and begin the lab.