sk_control of hazardous energy

8/6/2019 SK_Control of Hazardous Energy

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The Control of Hazardous Energy

Lockout/Tagout

1910.147


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Control of Hazardous Energy

29 CFR 1910.147

The standard covers the servicing andmaintenance of machines and equipment in

which the unexpected energizing or start up of

the machines or equipment, or release of stored

energy could cause injury to employees.


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What Is Hazardous Energy?

Often invisible

Live or stored

electricity

Moving machine or

equipment parts


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Photo credit: State of WA-WISHA Services

What Is Hazardous Energy? (cont.)

Stored energy in

equipment

Heat

Gravity

Pneumatic,

hydraulic, air and

water pressure

Steam

Chemical


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Who is Affected?

Over 4,000,000 workers are affected byuncontrolled energy each year.

Over 7,600 injuries each year

4,000 disabling injuries 3,600 non-disabling injuries

247 fatalities by electrocution for 2006

108 fatalities by contact with overhead power lines

80% of all injuries were caused by workers failingto turn off equipment


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Photo credit: State of WA-WISHA Services

Hazardous Energy Injuries

Causes

Unexpected startup

Release of stored

energy

Fail to Lockout/tagout


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When does LOTO apply?When does LOTO apply?


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Application Of The Standard

An employee is required to remove or bypass aguard or other safety device

An employee is required to place any part oftheir body in contact with the point of operation

of the operational machine or piece of equipment

An employee is required to place any part oftheir body into a danger zone associated with amachine operating cycle


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Purpose

Establish a program of procedures for

appropriate energy isolation

Prevent unexpected energizing


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General Requirements

Employer shall establish a program consisting of

Energy control procedures

Employee training

Periodic inspections

To ensure energy is isolated

Energy control procedures

Developed, documented, and utilized


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Scope and Exemptions

Scope Servicing and maintenance of machines andequipment

Exemptions

Construction, agriculture, and maritime

Electrical utilities

Electrical utilization installations (Subpart S)

Oil and gas well drilling and servicing


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Exception

Has no potential for stored or residual energy

Single energy source (ext cord)

Lockout completely de-energizes

Machine is isolated

Single lockout device achieves lockout


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Lockout under exclusive control

Servicing does not create hazards

Hot Tap Operations Involving Utility CompanyTransmission and Distribution Systems

Exception


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Minor Servicing Tasks

Employees performing minor tool changes andadjustments that are routine, repetitive, andintegralto the use of the equipment and thatoccur during normal operations are not covered

by the lockout/tagout standard, provided the workis performed using alternative measures thatprovide effective protection.


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LOTO Does Not Apply To

Installations Under the Control ofElectric Utilities

If De-energizing Introduces Additional or

Increased Hazards or is Infeasible Due to Design


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Energy Control Procedure

Procedures shall clearly specify

Scope

Purpose

Authorization Rules

Techniques


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Energy Control Procedure

A specific statement of intended use

Specific procedural steps for shutting down,

blocking, and securing

Specific procedural steps for placement, removal,

and transfer


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SafetyWork Practices

Selection and use of work practices (1910.333)

Working on or near de-energized parts that arenot locked out or tagged are treated as energized

Only qualified personnel can work on electrical

circuits


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Both Standards Mandate

Both standards mandate the use of locks and/or

tags to control potential energy

1910.147

1910.333

Subpart S


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Isolation and Verification

Employees working on de-energized utilization

systems covered underSubpart S allows both

the authorized employee and qualified employee

are permitted to verify

Employees working on a mechanical hazardous

energy covered under1910.147 can verify


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Periodic Inspection

Energy control program

Shall conduct periodic inspection

Performed by authorized employee

Conducted to correct deviations or inadequacies Lockout versus tagout

Certification required


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Periodic Inspection

Shall be performed by an authorized employee

other than the person(s) utilizing the energy

control procedure being inspected

Shall be conducted to correct any deviations or

inadequacies identified


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Periodic Inspection

Where lockout is used, the inspection shall include a

review between the inspector and each authorized

employee

Where tagout is used, the inspection shall include areview between the inspector and each authorized

and affectedemployees


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The employer shall:

Certify that the periodic inspections have been

performed

Identify the machine or equipment on which

energy control procedures were used

The employer shall also note:

The date of the inspection

The employees included in the inspection

The person performing the inspection

Periodic Inspections


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The placement of a lockout device on anenergy isolating device to ensure that the

equipment being controlled cannot be

operated until the lockout device is removed

Lockout


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The placement of a tagout device on anenergy isolating device to indicate the

equipment being controlled may not be

operated until the tagout device is removed

Tagout


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Tags must also include a legend such as:

Do not start

Do not open

Do not close Do not energize

Do not operate

Tag Requirements


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Tagout Tags


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Tagout Tag


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Authorized Employee

Locks out/Tags out equipment in order to perform

maintenance

Authorized by line mgmt

Qualified by trainingand experience

Must determine if a written

procedure exists

Trained in written LOTOprocedure


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Authorized Employee

Trained to performlocking or tagging

procedures

No other employeecan attach or remove

lock or tag devices


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Authorized Employee

Responsibilities

Obtain assistance

when necessary

Remove locks and/or

tags followinglockout/tagout

Coordinate

multi-shift repair


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Authorized Lead Employee

Authorized employee who

performs or coordinates

one or more LOTO activity

for multiple personnel


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Affected Employee

An Employee whose Job Requires Operation or Useof the Machine orEquipment on Which Servicing or

Maintenance is to be Performed Under Lockout or

Tagout

An Employee whose Job Requires Work in an Area

where such Servicing or Maintenance is Being

Performed

Aware of energy control procedure


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Who is an Affected Employee?

Everyone in the

building


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Affected Employee Responsibilities

Notify maintenance when equipment needs repairor adjustment

Leave all lockout/tagout devices in place

Verify equipment is safe to operate following

lockout/tagout

Follow all safety rules while operating theequipment


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Training and Communication

Each authorizedemployee shall receive

training in:

Recognition of applicable hazardous energy

sources

Type and magnitude of the energy available in

the workplace

Methods and means necessary for energy

isolation and control


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Each affectedemployee shall be instructed in the

purpose and use of the energy control procedure

All otheremployees shall be instructed about the

prohibition relating to attempts to restart or

reenergize machines or equipment which arelocked out or tagged out



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The employer shall certify that employee

training has been accomplished and is being

kept up to date

Certification shall contain employee names

and dates of training



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Group Lockout or Tagout

Primary responsibility is vested in an

authorizedemployee for a set number of

employees working under the protection of a

group lockout or tagout device

Each authorizedemployee shall affix apersonal lockout or tagout device to the

group lockout device


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Outside Personnel

Whenever outside servicing personnel are

engaged in activities covered by lockout/tagout,

the on-site employer and the outside employer

shall inform each other of their respective lockout

or tagout procedures


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Energy Sources

Electrical

Mechanical

Pressurized Fluids

Pressurized Gasses Including cryogens

Radiation

Gravity


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ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

Electricity has long been recognized as a

serious workplace hazard, exposing workers to

electric shock, electrocution, burns, fires and

explosions.


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Hazardous Locations and Conditions

Human Resistance to Electrical Current

Body Area Resistance (ohms)

Dry Skin 600,000-1,000,000 Wet Skin 1,000

Internal body-hand to foot 400-600

Ear to Ear (about) 100


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ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

1ma Perception level. Slight tinglingsensation. Still dangerous under certainconditions.

5mA Slight shock felt, not painful but

disturbing. Average individual can let go.However, strong involuntary reactions to shocksin this range may lead to injuries.

6-30mA Painful shock, muscular control

is lost. Freezing or let go range.


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ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

50-150 mA Extreme pain, respiratory arrest,severe muscular contractions. Individual cannotlet go. Death is possible.

1000-4300 mA Ventricular fibrillation (the

rhythmic pumping action of the heart ceases).Muscular contraction and nerve damage occur.Death is most likely.

10,000 mA Cardiac arrest, severe burns,

probable death.


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Exclusive Control

IfEquipment is UnderExclusive Control, the Plugis Within YourSight and Reach


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Lockout/Tagout

The Placement of a Lockout and/or TagoutDevice on an Energy Isolating Device

In accordance with procedures

Ensures equipment cannot be operated until

lockout device is removed


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Interpretations

Hazardous Energy 1910.147

Machine Guarding 1910.212


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Company Responsibilities

Ensure de-energizing of equipment Ensure employee awareness

Provide appropriate levels of training

Review program effectiveness

Maintain and revise program Administer appropriate disciplinary actions


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Lockout and Tagout Devices

LOTO Locks are RED

Do not use red-colored locks for any otherpurpose

1 Key per lock Destroy any other keys immediately

Combination locks are Not Allowed

When multiple locks are required for a single

LOTO activity, locks with a common key may beused


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Lockout Device


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Lockout and Tagout Devices

Tagout device statesDANGER - DO NOTOPERATE.

Shall be white, black and red

Shall have a space for the authorized employeesname.

Must have a reinforced eyelet capable of

accepting a lock shackle of 0.25 inch diameter


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Lockout Device

Lock

Block

Chain

Multilock hasp

Wheel valve cover

Ball valve cover

Requirements for


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Requirements for

Lockout/Tagout Devices

They must be:

Durable

Standardized

Substantial

Identifiable

Photo credit: State of WAPhoto credit: State of WA--WISHA ServicesWISHA Services


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Group Lockout


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Lockout Signage


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Lockout/Tagout Device Application

Each employee must apply their own locks.

Lockout devices are applied to hold the isolating

device in a safe or off position.

The employee must maintain exclusive control ofthe key


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Only the authorized employee may removehis/her LOTO device

Supervisor may overlock for additional control


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A Tag must always accompany a lock.

The tag must be placed as close as possible to

the lock

The tag must be securely attached

The tag must clearly display the name of the

authorized employee


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The Tag may also display:

a picture of the authorized employee

the date of application

Other pertinent information

Do not use string or tape to apply tags


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Atagout device only is allowed when the

energy isolating device is not capable of

accepting a lockout device.

The tag must clearly indicate that operation or

movement is prohibited

Tags must be securely attached to prevent

inadvertent detachment

Typical Equipment


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Typical Equipment

Requiring Lockout/Tagout

Presses

Saws

Conveyors

Pumps

Production

equipment

Trash compactors


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When to Use Lockout/Tagout Devices

Servicing or maintaining

machinery or

equipment

Hazardous energyexists

Unexpected start-up

could occur


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Actions that Trigger Lockout/Tagout

Removing or bypassing a safety device

Any part of the body is placed in harms way

Exposure to hazardous energy


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Temporary Removal of Locks/Tags for


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Temporary Removal of Locks/Tags for

Testing orPositioning

Follow Five Steps for Return to Service

When done, use your procedure

General orWritten

Removal of Lock & Tags:


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Removal of Lock & Tags:Authorized Employee Not Available

Supervisory personnel shall: Make every effort to locate the Authorized

Employee

Get written approval from Department

Head/Supervisor Follow Five Steps for Return to Service

Inform Authorized Employee before he/she

resumes work activities

Keep copy of written approval on file


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GROUP Lockout/Tagout


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GROUP Lockout/Tagout

Two Types

Type A

Type B


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Type A Group LOTO

Lead Authorized Employee places lock & tag

Everyone else locks behind him

Everyone verifies equipment is de-energized

Each worker removes his/her lock

If there is a written procedure, only lead AuthorizedEmployee needs to be trained


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Type BGroup LOTO

More complex activities Lead Authorized Employee performs LOTO

Key goes into lockbox

Everyone places lock on lockbox

If there is a written procedure, only leadAuthorized Employee needs to be trained


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Shift orPersonnel Change

If no one else will be working on system:

Leave LOTO as is

If someone else will be working on system:

Transfer keys/locks Off-going employee unlocks

On-coming employee locks

Verification is very important!!


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Group LOTO: Lead places his own lock to lock box.

The job lockbox and captured keys remain underthe control of the lead authorized employee.

If absent, the lead authorized employee maydesignate someone else the lead while retainingcontrol of job lockbox


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Group LOTO Special circumstances ,may warrant the complete

transfer of responsibility

The off-going and on-coming leads wouldsimultaneously remove and apply locks.


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Supervised LOTO

If an employee or non-employee needs to

perform LOTO and training is unavailable, an

authorized employee may supervise the

application of LOTO


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Lockout/Tagout Procedure

Notify affected employees Shut down energized equipment

Isolate energy sources from equipment

Lockout or tagout the energy isolation device

Release stored energy

Test


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5 Step Restart Procedure

1. Clean up and inspect work area 2. Clear personnel from the startup area

and notify affected employees of startup

3. Verify that the controls are in neutral

4. Remove lockout devices and reenergize

the machine

5. Start machinery or equipment


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Sub-Contractors


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Subcontractors

Required to have their own LOTO program

Must share that information with Task Manager

Must attend LOTO training or prove they have

been trained


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Subcontractors

Overlocking is allowed

Sub locks first, then the you overlock


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C fi i C l


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Configuration Control

Used if equipment must remain unattended for

long periods of time w/out being worked on

Provides management control Removal of locks/tags may result in injury,

damage, disruption of normal processes, or

degradation of system

C fi ti C t l E l


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Configuration Control - Examples

Locking out overhead crane electrical disconnect Locking equipment while awaiting repair or parts

Locking a valve to control the flow of fluids

Locking radioactive waste container


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C fi ti C t l L k


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Configuration Control Locks

Can use lock w/out tags if use is obvious

Combination locks are allowed

Keyed locks may have more than one key.

C fi ti C t l L k


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Configuration Control Locks

Removal of lock is by person or group whoapplied it.

Removal by other authorized or qualified personpermissible if there is assurance that removal willnot create unsafe condition


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K P i t t R b


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Key Points to Remember

Hazardous energy is dangerous and deadly Use lockout/tagout wherever unexpected startup

or stored energy release may occur

Adhere to lockout/tagout and restart procedures

Keep everyone informed

5 St R t t P d


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5 Step Restart Procedure

1. Clean up and inspect work area

2. Clear personnel from the startup area

and notify affected employees of startup

3. Verify that the controls are in neutral

4. Remove lockout devices and reenergize

the machine

5. Start machinery or equipment


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Conclusion


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Ask yourself these questions:

How many times have I done it this way?

Is it the best way?

Is it the safest way?

How many fingers do I want to loose?


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Questions?

Thank you for attending.

Be Safe

Be Careful

Be here tomorrow!

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