size reduction by vdr
TRANSCRIPT
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Size ReductionBy
Mr. Vinod Ramani
Sumandeep Vidyapeeth
Vadodara
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Principles of size Reduction
1) CUTTING
2) Compre ion
!) Impact
") #ttrition
$) Impact % #ttrition
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Principles of size Reduction
Cuttin& Compre ion
Impact
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Equipment for Size ReductionPrinciple Equipment Used For
Cuttin& Sci or Root ' (ee ' *ood' #nima Ti ue
Cutter Mi
Compre ion Mortar + (e t e *e dried materiaSeed ' ,ried -umpNutcrac er
Ro er Mi
Impact /ammer/ammer Mi
*ood' Bar ' Cry ta
#ttrition Mortar + (e t e (a te' 0intment' Su pen ion' Cream
Trip e Ro er Mi (a te' 0intment' Su pen ion' Cream
Co oida Mi mu ion' (a te' 0intment' Su peCream
Impact % #ttrition Ba Mi or /ard and #3ra i4e Materia
uid ner&y Mi or #nti3iotic and Vitamin
#da&e Runner Mi ( ant Ba ed Tou&h Materia
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Equipment for Size ReductionEquipment
Scissors
Cutter Mill
Mortar & Pestle
Nutcracker
Roller Mill
HammerHammer MillMortar & Pestle
Triple Roller Mill
Colloidal Mill
all Mill
Fluid Ener!" Mill
#da!e Runner Mill
https://www.google.co.in/search?q=principles+of+size+reduction&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi7uYrQ9L7JAhWBhSwKHc9VAHQQ_AUICSgD&biw=1366&bih=657#tbm=isch&q=Scissors+cutting+vegitables&imgrc=VWskmu9gDaeSNM%3Ahttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=snqeuh0VISEhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NSUbcndrCnIhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=imx_LWckkK4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dEglo-bDuy4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LYHzp6EcqL8https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hiHyEjAXUYhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ozPMkAEkGYhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ozPMkAEkGYhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hiHyEjAXUYhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hiHyEjAXUYhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LYHzp6EcqL8https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dEglo-bDuy4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=imx_LWckkK4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=imx_LWckkK4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NSUbcndrCnIhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=snqeuh0VISEhttps://www.google.co.in/search?q=principles+of+size+reduction&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi7uYrQ9L7JAhWBhSwKHc9VAHQQ_AUICSgD&biw=1366&bih=657#tbm=isch&q=Scissors+cutting+vegitables&imgrc=VWskmu9gDaeSNM%3A
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$ENER#% P#RTS F S'(ERE)UCT' N E*U'PMENT
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R T#R+ CUTTER M'%%
PRINCIPLE:- In cutter mill, size reduction involvessuccessive cutting or shearing the feed material with helpof sharp knives.
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CONSTRUCTION:-Milling chamber consists of twoof knives. 1. rotating knistationary knives.Horizontally mounted rotorconsists of 2 12 knives uniformly.
!asing also has several statioknives.
Hopper is placed on chamber "ottom of casing holds a screencontrols size of material
#ischarge outlet is attached at boof mill.
12 R T#R+ CUTTER M'%%
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Working:- $otor disc allowed to rotate at 2%% &%% $'M
eed materia i oaded into hopper
o6 do6n due to 7orce o7 &ra4ity
Materia come in contact 6ith 3othni4e
Materia cut into ma piece
Sma erpartic e
coar er partic e
(roduct co ected into recei4er
pa throu&hcreen
8ni4ei7t
1!
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USES:-
(ough ) fibrous material *medicinal plants, plant
parts ) animal tissue+ oft materials such as roots, peels ) wood are cut
before e-traction
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1$ R %%ER M'%%
PRINCIPLE:- Material is crushed co!"ressed# $%a""lication o& stress' Stress a""lied $% rotating hea(%)heels or rollers'
CONSTRUCTION:-!onsists of two cylindrical rollersmade of stone or metal, whichare mounted horizontally.
ne of rollers is driven directlyusing motor, while second oneruns freely. /ap between two rollers can becontrolled to obtain desiredparticle size.
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Working:- $ollers are allowed to rotate
eed materia i oaded into hopper
o6 do6n into &ap 3et6een ro er
Materia cru hed 6hi e pa in& throu&hro er
Materia cut into ma piece
(roduct co ected into recei4er
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Use:- !rushing ) cracking of seeds before e-traction offi-ed oils
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1: HamMer M'%%
PRINCIPLE:- "ased on impact between rapidly movinghammers mounted on a rotor ) powder material.
CONSTRUCTION:-Hammers are usually made of stainlesssteel with impact surface made ofe-tremely abrasive resistant material.(here is provision of arrangement ofhopper at suitable place.(his unit is enclosed with chambercontaining removable screen throughwhich material pass.
creens are made of metal sheet withperforated holes.
/ammer Mi Vidio
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vzmVxZ_ujWIhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vzmVxZ_ujWI
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1;
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Working:- Hammers are allowed to rotate at 0%%% 1 %%% $'Meed materia i oaded into
hopper
Materia 7 o6 do6n
Rotatin& hammer hit the materia
Materia 3rea into ma piece
Sma erpartic e
(roduct co ected into recei4er
pa throu&hcreen
1<
Hopper
Recei(er
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25
USES:- ine to moderate grinding of powders may be obtaindepending on speed of hammers.3sed to mill dr% !aterial . "rittle material is best fractured by impact from blunt
hammers.*d(antage:-
4asy to installccupies less space
5ersatile i.e. speed ) screen can be changed rapidly+isad(antages:-
creen may get cloggedHeat build up during milling is more so chances ofdegradation. !an not be employed to mill sticky, fibrous ) lower meltingpoint materials.
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21all M'%% ,Pe--le mill . Tum-lin!
mill/PRINCIPLE:- Impact ) attrition both are responsible forsize reduction.
Impact6 $apidly moving balls ) powder material 7ttrition6 7t low speed, balls roll over each other
CONSTRUCTION:-!onsist of hollow cylinder, mounted on metallic framewhich rotate longitudinally.!ylinder made of metal lined with chrome!ylinder contains balls that occupy 8% %9 of mill volume.
"alls made of steel, iron or stoneware.
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2!Working:-
+rug is "ut into the c%linder' ,i ed nu!$ers o& $alls are introduced . then c%linder
is closed'
Use o& s!all $alls are reco!!ended so that sur&acearea is increase' Mill is allo)ed to rotate on its longitudinal a is' S"eed o& rotation is (er% i!"ortant
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2"
Use:- 3se for hard ) abrasive materials
tainless steel balls are preferred for production of ophthalmicproducts"all mill at low speed used for milling dyes, pigments )insecticides.
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2$
*d(antages:- produce very fine powder Installation, operation ) labour costs are low5arieties of ball sizes can be used 4-6 $ound, cube, cylinder*rod+ etc:.
+isad(antages:- It is a very noisy machine;ear occurs from balls as well as surface from casing sochances of contamination of product oft, sticky or fibrous material can
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PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS
= Ba mi i an e=cient too 7or &rindin& many 3ritt e materia into >ne po6der.
= It i a o u ed in mi in& o7 the tic y materia .
= It &rind the partic e ize to 155 to $ mm or e can 3e o3tained.
= Grindin& can 3e carried 7or 6ettin& and dryin& po6der at o6 peed in 3a mi .
= The hard and a3ra i4e materia can a o 3e &rinded in the 3a mi 7or
pharmaceutica purpo e.
= tain e tee 3a produce the ophtha amic and parentera product a there
ha4e e contamination due to 6ear.
= 3a mi i u ed 7or the mi in& o7 pi&ment ' in ecticide in indu tria purpo e.
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2:Fluid ener!" mill
,0et mill 1 micronizers 1 ultra2ne !rinders/
PRINCIPLE:- Impact ) attrition both are responsible for size reduction.In this e>uipment, feedstock is suspended within a high velocity air
stream Milling takes place because of high (elocit% collisions betw
suspended particles.CONSTRUCTION:-
!onsists of 4lliptical pipe, which hasheight of 2 meters ) diameter rangesfrom 2% 2%% mm.'rovision for introduction of!ompressed gas is given ay bottom. luid nozzles placed tangentially tothe inlet of particles 5enturi feeder is provided for feeding
7n outlet with classifier is fitted toallow escape of air.
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2;Working:-= 'owder is introduced through inlet of venturi= 7ir entering through nozzles transport powder in the tube.= In the turbulent stream of air, suspended particles collide with each
other ) break.= (hus impact ) attrition forces operate in size reduction.= $esultant small particles are carried to outlet= !oarser particles undergo re circulation in the chamber on account of
its own weight.USE:- ,or anti$iotics . (ita!ins
*+/*NT*0ES:- = 1as no !o(ing "arts2 so heat not "roduce suita$le &or 1eat
la$ile drugs#= Ra"id "rocess . no )ear o& !ill so no conta!ination
+IS*+/*N0ES:- /er% e "ensi(e3 not suita$le &or so&t2 stick% .&i$rous !aterial
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PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS
= (u 4erizer are common y u ed 7or chemica ' pi&ment and 7ood proce in&.
= The micro ca e air impact pu 4erizer i u ed in a3oratorie ' 6here ma amp e
needed.
= The mi i u ed to &rind heat en iti4e materia to >ne po6der.
= They ha4e 3een u ed 7or the >ne &rindin& o7 7rit ' ao in' zircon' titanium and ca ci
a umina' 3ut the ener&y con umed per ton o7 mi ed product i hi&h.= The mi i u ed to &rind tho e dru& in 6hich hi&h de&ree o7 purity i re?uired.
= Contamination can 3e a4oided and no e@ce heat i produced' pu 4erizer are
uita3 e 7or materia that mu t remain u traApure and tho e that are heat en iti4e
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!5 colloidal M'%%
Principle The ize reduction i a ected due to hearin&
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!2 colloidal M'%%
The materia i p aced into the mi thou&h the in et hopper. It i then pa ed
throu&h the narro6 &ap 3et6een the rotor and tator and thu reduced the >nepartic e ize. # co oid mi i a hydrau ic hear producin& de4ice.
The co oid mi 6or to reduce the ize o7 the u pended drop et . The mi
a o6 the o id partic e to 3ecome o ma .
The proce o7 co oid mi in& i done throu&h the addition o7 the hea4ier i?uid
into the cham3er o7 the mi that per7orm the hearin& proce . 0nce thehea4ier i?uid ha 3een added the i&hter materia 6hether it i a o id ma or a
i?uid o7 di erent 4i co ity i added to the materia to tart the mi . *hen the
mi in& portion o7 the 7unction ta e p ace' the materia are 3oth tirred
toðer 6ithin the mi at a hi&h rate o7 peed.
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-colloid.htmhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-colloid.htm
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colloidal M'%%
#d3anta!es
=/i&h throu&hput 6ith e@ce ent &rindin& re u t.
=In>nite y adDu ta3 e &ap ettin& 3et6een
rotorE tator 7or contro o7 partic e ize
reduction
=Suita3 e 7or product o7 hi&h 4i co ity ran&e.
=Capa3 e o7 operation under pre ure up to 19
3ar.=/i&hA4a ue ea 6ith 6earAre i tant materia .
=/i&h ?ua ity ur7ace >ni he 7or ea y c eanin&.
=0ther materia and >ni he are a4ai a3 e
upon re?ue t
=Machine i e 7Adrainin&.
DISADVANTAGES
=Re?uire hi&h po6er 7or the runnin&
co oida mi .
=U in& o7 6et materia .
=Con ume more ener&y.
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#pplications4
= It i u ed to reduce the partic e ize in u pen ion in a i?uid or to reduce
the drop et ize o7 a i?uid u pended in another i?uid
= It i u ed 7or the 7ormation o7 the e=cient emu i>cation.
= It i main y u ed in pharmaceutica purpo e 7or the preparation co oida
di per ion ' u pen ion ' emu ion and ointment .
colloidal M'%%
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!$ Ed!e runner M'%%
Principle The ize reduction i done 3y cru hin& due to hea4y 6ei&ht o7 the tone and the
hearin& 7orce 6hich i in4o 4ed durin& the mo4ement o7 the e tone .
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Construction
= It con i t o7 t6o hea4y ro er and a 3ed made o7 tone or &ranite.= The ro er ha4e a centra ha7t and they re4o 4e on it a@i .
= The ro er are mounted on the horizonta ha7t and mo4e around the 3ed.
Ed!e runner M'%%
Workin
= The materia to 3e &rounded i put on the 3ed and 6ith the he p o7
the crapper it i ept in the path o7 the tone 6hee .
= The materia i &round 7or a de>nite period and then it i pa ed
throu&h the ie4e to &et the po6der o7 the re?uired ize.
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Ed!e runner M'%%
*d(antages
= It is mostly used for all types of the drugs.
= 5ery fine particle size is produced.
= (he ma?or advantage of this mill is that it
re>uires less attention during operation.
= (he various groups of elements andcombinations of such elements produce a
machine which operates with greater efficiency.
= 3tilizes less power, does not re>uire any
fre>uent clean up, it does not re>uire any
particular ad?ustment, it is simple in structure.
DISADVANTAGES
= It i not u e 7or tic y materi
= Noi e po ution.
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PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS
= Very >ne partic e ized materia can 3e o3tained 3y thi ed&e runner
mi .
= d&e runner mi i u ed 7or &rindin& mo t o7 the dru& to >ne po6der' 3ut
it re?uire more Foor pace than the other common y u ed mi .
= It i u ed to cru h or &rind a type o7 the dru&
Ed!e runner M'%%
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!< End runner M'%%
F#CT RS #FFECT'N$ THE SE%ECT' N F
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1. actor re ated to nature o7 ra6 materia
/ard materia
i3rou materia
ria3 e materia
a tic materia
/y&ro copic materia
So 4ated materia
Me tin& pointamma3i ity
Thermo ia3i ity
(artic e ize
Moi ture content
"5F#CT RS #FFECT N$ THE SE%ECT N F
M'%%
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2. actor re ated to nature o7 >ni hed product(artic e ize
a e o7 teri ization
Contamination o7 mi ed materia
!. actor re ated to a7ety
". actor re ated to economy
"1
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"!
ue tion HH