size degradation of granular lost circulation...
TRANSCRIPT
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Size Degradation of Granular
Lost Circulation Materials
Paul Scott, Zack Wade, Dave Beardmore, ConocoPhillips;
Eddie Evans, Krista Franks, Drilling Specialties Co., a
Division of Chevron Phillips Chemical
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Outline
Initial tests
Expanded tests
Field results
Conclusions
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Shear Degradation of LCM – Why
Do We Care?
Wellbore Strengthening (WS) process uses 30-60
mesh granular LCM
WS Success: Granular LCM circulated with the
mud at all times – about 30 ppb
Requires special 3-deck shaker to recycle the 30-
60 mesh material
LCM must survive multiple circulations to
maintain the high concentration
Non-WS applications also recycle LCMs
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Plan – Shear Test LCM’s in the
Lab
Choose most common granular LCMs used for
WS
Shear at different intensities and times in the lab
Measure resulting PSD (particle size
distribution) to understand survivability of
LCM’s regarding shear
How does it compare to field results?
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Products Tested
Ground Marble (CaCO3)
Common, cheap
Resilient graphitic material
Calcined petroleum coke - expensive
Nut Hulls
Walnut (black walnut, English walnut)
Pecan
Cheap, low specific gravity
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Test Procedure
Wet Sieve LCM to 30-60 mesh, dry, weigh
Add to simple, unweighted bentonite mud
Shear in mixer for 5-15 minutes
Low-shear Hamilton Beach®-type Mixer
High-shear Silverson® Mixer
Wet sieve through 60 mesh
Dry and weigh
“% Degradation”
Beckman Coulter Laser Diffraction PSA
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Hamilton Beach – Low Shear
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Silverson – High Shear
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Results – 30-60 Mesh
Percent Degradation
Hamilton Beach Silverson
5 min 10 min 15 min 5 min 10 min 15 min
Black Walnut 1.5 2.0 2.0 9.0 9.3 9.9
English Walnut 3.3 3.3 4.3 7.7 9.5 9.9
Pecan 11.7 14.3 15.0 24.2 26.9 28.3
Graphite 0.5 0.5 1.5 7.6 15.9 16.9
Marble 5.2 9.6 12.1 99.5 99.5 99.5
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Before and After Photos – 60
Mesh
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Conclusions
Degradation increases with time and intensity
Use Nut Hulls or Graphite for circulating WS or
lost circulation applications with 30-60 mesh
LCM
Do not use Ground Marble
Ground Marble can be used for spotting pills for
WS or lost circulation
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We Were Curious
We saw the good results and had further
questions
Do smaller granular LCM sizes degrade less?
Do LCMs degrade more slowly in a weighted
mud because all the barite solids would
“protect” them from degradation?
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Further Tests
100-140 Mesh (106-150 microns)
LCMs
200-325 mesh (45-74 microns) LCMs
30-60 mesh in 14.0 ppg mud
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100-140 Mesh LCM
(106-150 microns)
Percent Degradation
Hamilton Beach Silverson
5 min 15 min 5 min 15 min
Black Walnut 10.0 6.4 4.0 12.4
Graphite 6.2 9.6 3.8 12.0
Marble 3.9 3.8 20.7 42.1
Coarse Barite 2.2 6.8 43.0 80.5
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100-140 Mesh Graphite
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200-325 Mesh LCM
(44-75 microns)
Percent Degradation
Hamilton Beach Silverson
5 min 15 min 5 min 15 min
Marble 11.9 12.0 13.2 18.2
API Barite 5.7 6.1 11.7 35.0
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Ground Marble – Various
Sizes
These results have implications
for Reservoir Drill-In Fluids!
Percent Degradation
Hamilton Beach Silverson
5 min 15 min 5 min 15 min
Marble - 250-600 microns 5.2 12.1 99.5 99.5
Marble - 106-150 microns 3.9 3.8 20.7 42.1
Marble - 45-74 microns 11.9 12.0 13.2 18.2
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30-60 Mesh in 14.0 ppg Mud
Percent Degradation
Hamilton Beach Silverson
5 min 15 min 5 min 15 min
Black Walnut (Unwtd) 1.5 2.0 9.0 9.9
Black Walnut (Wtd) 1.5 4.4 5.4 10.2
Marble (Unwtd) 5.2 12.1 99.5 99.5
Marble (Wtd) 0.0 0.0 69.1 97.1
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Field Results
Case 1: WS with Walnut Hulls
5 days of operations (circulating)
40 ppb
Sieved on location twice a day – 60 mesh
Only 1.6 ppb maintenance required
Low degradation (only 4% per day)
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Field Results Case 2: WS with Graphite and Marble
8 days of operations with maintenance
Virtually no CaCO3 left (95%+ degradation)
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Conclusions Granular LCMs degrade with increasing shear
intensity and time
Ground Marble:
30-60 Mesh degrades completely at high shear
Barite in weighted muds slightly protects marble, but still complete degradation
30-60 Mesh marble degrades completely in the field
Marble - Not suitable for circulating application
Smaller marble suffers less degradation
Reservoir Drill-In Fluids requiring large marble sizes must be analyzed and treated often to maintain designed PSD
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Conclusions (cont.)
Walnut Hulls and Resilient Graphite survived
very well in lab and field – preferred LCM for
circulating applications
Pecan Hulls suffered moderate degradation –
not recommended
Barite degrades worse than CaCO3
Lab results compare well to field results
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Acknowledgements / Thank You / Questions
Slide 23 of 23
Paul Scott – Initial idea and test plans
Eddie Evans – lab work and report writing
Zack Wade – lab work and data analysis
Krista Franks – PSD’s and Photos
ConocoPhillips and Drilling Specialties Co.