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Bibliographic Essay The History of Judaism in the first few centuries after the so called Great Revolt of 70 CE suffers from the lack of a consistent narrative framework, similar to the one provided by Flavius Josephus for the proceeding period. The sources for this era consist of references to Jews and Judaism in the writings of Graeco-Roman authors (collected and studied in Stern 1974-84), Roman law (Linder 1987), as well as sporadic, though very important, papyrological material, mainly from the regions of the Dead Sea (surveyed in Cotton 1995 and 1999). A comprehensive collection and a thorough study of the evidence in Church writings remains a desideratum. Archaeological findings, including numismatic evidence and epigraphical material supplement our knowledge greatly. Of the former, although much has been published, only the synagogue received exhaustive analytical treatment (Levine 2000). Good collections of coins and inscription are also available (e.g. Meshorer 1985; Horbury and Noy 1992; Noy 1993-5; Noy, Panayotov and Bloedhorn 2004). Apart from all this, the main, and by far the largest, group of sources come from the writings of the so called rabbis. The numerous works of Jacob Neusner and his students provide ample, though often inaccurate, translations of this material, too vast to enumerate here. Good introductions, which include helpful bibliographies, are available as well (Safrai 1987; Strack and Stemberger 1996). In the current chapter I discuss the serious problems that undermine the use of this material for historical studies. A modern historical synthesis of the period, comparable to the by now classic revised edition of Emil Schürer’s History of the Jewish people in the Age of Jesus Christ (Schürer 1973-87) for the Second Temple period, is yet to appear. Although the numerous scholarly studies of the last two decades on different aspects of Jewish life in this period, from social to religious and political history, make this goal achievable.