Name: _________________________________ Class: _______________________________Date: _________________________________ Comments: ___________________________

Social Studies Midterm Exam Study Guide

Directions: Work on this at home. Then bring it to class.Tips for studying:

1. Make flash cards to review the vocabulary and facts.2. Study from the previous assessments.3. Review the questions from previous assessments. These should all be in the data book

which students were required to bring and keep in the classroom. 4. Study the maps. 5. Use your notebook. Go over all the notes and reading in your notebook!

The test has several sections. It may include from the following:1. Matching Vocabulary/Key Terms or use vocabulary in sentences.2. Multiple Choice3. Timeline4. Image Analysis5. Short and or Long Answers6. Comparisons with a Venn diagram7. GRAPES8. Mapping9. Close Reading10.Think about!

Part I. Vocabulary: You must know the definition and be able to read and use the word in context. Please refer to key words in the chapters we have read. Check your word flaps too!

nomad a person who has no settled homecivilization a society with cities, a central government, job specialization, and social classesoral traditions stories passed down by word of mouthGeography the study of the Earth’s surface and the processes that shape itprehistory the time before written historydomestication adapting wild plants and animals for human useirrigation supplying the land with water through a network of canalsarcheologists scientists who examine objects to learn about the human pastsurplus more than what is neededmap title words that explain what a map is aboutequator An imaginary line around the center of the earth that divides the northern and southern

hemispheresMesopotamia “The land between two rivers”polytheism belief in many godscuneiform the world’s first writingIce-Man/Otsi A man whose frozen body was preserved for thousands of years. He died holding a

copper axe.ziggurat a terraced religious temple also known as the Mountain of the godstopsoil earth that is close to the surface, good for plantingscribe professional writerFertile Crescent an area of southwestern Asiacourtyard an enclosed garden inside a housecity-state a city that has a government and functions like its own countryfertile producing or capable of producing abundant vegetation or cropslongitude imaginary lines north and southfertilizer a chemical or natural substance added to soil or land to increase its fertilitysilt fine sand, clay etc. carried by running water and deposited as sediment, especially in a

harbor

empire group of cities or countries ruled by a single personlatitude imaginary lines east and westPrime Meridian an imaginary line around the middle of the earth dividing the eastern and western

hemispherespeninsula an area surrounded by water on three sidespastoral nomads

subsist on animal products (milk, meat), and move from place to place with their animals

natural features

are part of the land existing before people lived e.g. plants, rocks, soil, sea and streams

beach an area of sand sloping down to the water of a sea or lake canal long and narrow strip of water made for boats or for irrigation canyon is a deep valley with very steep sides - often carved from the Earth by a rivercave is a large hole in the ground or in the side of a hill or mountaincliff is a steep face of rock and soildelta a low, watery land formed at the mouth of a riverglacier is a long-lasting, slowly-moving river of ice on land bay a bay is a body of water that is partly enclosed by land (and is usually smaller than a

gulf) hill a raised area or mound of landisland a piece of land that is surrounded by wateristhmus a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land-masses, an isthmus has water on

two sideslake a large body of water surrounded by land on all sidesmountain a very tall high, natural place on Earth - higher than a hill oasis a fertile tract in a desert (where the water table approaches the surface) ocean a large body of salt water that surrounds a continent orbit circular pathrevolve to move around, usually around an objectaxis a real or imaginary straight line going through the center of an object pencil through

Earthrelative location

in relation to another place

physical map shows what the region looks like physically, uses color to show elevationthematic map aka special purpose map: a map that focuses on a specific subjectpolitical map shows political borders, usually has labels and symbols for major citieshemisphere half of the globe migration the movement of people from one area to another area artisan a worker in a skilled tradesocial class a group of people with similar incomes, backgrounds and ways of livinghunter-gatherer people who rely on hunting animals and gathering nuts and berries for their food

sourcescopper a type of metalchronological in order according to datesCharacteristic a trait or quality

Part II. Multiple Choice. Define and answer questions about the following subjects. 1. Mapping (Map Key, Map Title, Latitude and Longitude, Equator, Prime Meridian)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. How do you find exact location? _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. Define and give examples of the 5 Themes of Geography (Location, Region,

Movement, Place Human/Environment Interaction): ___________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4. What are the Caves of Lascaux? Where are they? What can we learn from them?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5. What did Stone Age people eat and how is it different from what we eat today? What

foods do we eat today that Stone Age people ate?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6. Why is the Stone Age, called the Stone Age? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7. What is the difference between prehistory and history?

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_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8. Who was Otzi? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9. What marked the beginning of the Bronze Age?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10. What was the effect of trade on societies? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________11. Who were the scribes and what did they do? Explain what they wrote and why it

was important. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________12. Who was Hammurabi and what did he believe? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Part III. Timeline. Answer questions about a timeline. Look in your Skills section of your binder. See Skills for Life: Reading a Timeline.

You will have to answer questions about a timeline or you will have to put events in order on a timeline. Or you will have to do both of these tasks. All the information you need to answer will be present on the timeline.

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1. What does BCE stand for? _________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

2. What does CE stand for? _________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

3. What comes before BC or BCE? _____________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

4. Why do we use timelines? _________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

5. What is chronological order? _______________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

Part IV Image Analysis. (10 points) Write a description of an image. Describe what you see. Explain why it is important. Use details and historical facts to explain what you see. Write an introduction and conclusion and use complete sentences. You can practice with any image.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part V Short Answer.

1. What is Human/Environment Interaction? Provide examples. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Name two important discoveries of the Stone Age and describe why they were important.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Where were cities most likely to develop? _____________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Describe two characteristics of a civilization. __________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Why did people choose to live near rivers? ________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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6. What is trade, and why was it so important in the development of early civilizations?_____ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. What was the Bronze Age? How did it begin? ___________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. List and describe two roles governments played in cities. __________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. Who was Hammurabi and why was he important? ________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10. Hammurabi’s Code was fair in some ways and unfair in other ways. Explain. _____________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

11. Why did people choose want to live in cities? ___________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

12. What were 4 things that the Mesopotamians did first in human history? _______________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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______________________________________________________________________________________________________

13. Who were the scribes and why were they important? _____________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

14. Why did the Mesopotamians develop math? In this answer include a description of their system of math. ________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

15. What was the first writing called and why was it important? _______________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Part VI Venn Diagram:

1. What are foods that Stone Age people ate? What are some foods that we both eat? What are foods that we eat that they did not eat?

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Part VII G.R.A.P.E.S. Write terms in the proper category. For example mountains would go into the Geography category.

Part VIII Mapping Label the map.

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Geography:

Religion

Achievement

Politics

Economics

Social Structure

Hammurabi wheel and axle Tigris River Math enslaved peoplepolytheism cuneiform Code of Laws Mediterranean Sea

trading goods scribes & commoners astronomy trading Nile River

Arabian Gulf ziggurat arches in architecture merchants

Title: _________________________________

Label on the blank map the following items:

1. Tigris River 2. Mesopotamia 3. Arabian Gulf 4. Map Title

5. Sumer 6. Euphrates River 7. Compass Rose 8. Nile River 9. Black Sea 10. Gulf of Arabic 11. Caspian Sea 12. Red Sea 13. Fertile Crescent 14. Arabian Peninsula 15. Arabian Sea16. Caspian Sea 17. Mediterranean Sea 18. Red Sea 19. Dead Sea 20.

Answer questions about latitude and longitude. See the attached reference map.

1. What is the estimated latitude of the Nile River? _______________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What is the estimated longitude of Babylon? ___________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

First Read Second Read Third Read

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Make predictions based on the title and text features.

Re-read text Re-read text

Number paragraphs -____- This is a key detail. + Agree

Read text Main idea - Disagree

Circle unfamiliar vocabulary In 1-3 words identify the topic. Connection

? I have a question/s In 1 sentence state the gist. LOL Interesting/Funny

I understand Favorite Part Inference

Part IX Guided Reading:Apply the reading skills above to the reading that is presented on the test.

The ancient Sumerians were the first people to develop an actual written language.  We call that writing cuneiform.

The ancient Sumerians kept records of everything.  Written records were very important to them.  They needed young men to learn to read and write.  Their language began as pictographs just like the Egyptians and Chinese. Pictographs are pictures used to mean certain words or idea. But pictographs are not easy to form into sentences, so they started to use triangle shapes to represent sounds, which they could then use to spell words. Some shapes meant actual words or ideas.

They did not have paper or ink, so they used tools made of wood or stiff reeds to press the symbols into clay tablets.  Many thousands of these have survived the ages and we can see them today.  Some are worn, some are broken, but many thousands have been found complete.  The largest collection of these was found at the Library of Nineveh.  There we found complete stories like The Epic of Gilgamesh, which is the oldest written story in the world.  The Sumerians invented Cuneiform, but the Babylonians and Assyrians continued to use it long after the Sumerians had been destroyed.

Ultimately, the use of cuneiform died out and was replaced with other written languages. When modern language experts tried to read cuneiform, they found cuneiform very puzzling. It had been thousands of years since anyone had written or read cuneiform. No one in modern times remembered what the symbols meant. But things changed when the Language Detective, Henry Rawlinson, a British officer in the 1800s, went hiking in the countryside in Iran. He spotted a picture, carved into the rock of a high cliff. This picture told the story of an ancient king, his servants, and some prisoners. The story was told in pictures, in cuneiform, and in another writing similar to an East Indian language that Henry Rawlinson already could read and write. The same story was told in three different ways so that most probably, in ancient times, everyone could understand it. That was the break scientists needed. Once they understood a few words in cuneiform, they could build on that and start recognizing the same symbol on tablets and

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documents. They could guess at the meaning of other symbols around the symbols they understood. They worked very hard at it until they could read a great deal of cuneiform. (The same sort of thing happened in Egypt, when they found the Rosetta Stone, which helped scientists understand ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics.)

Cuneiform is still not easy to read since the meaning of some of the symbols changed over time, as language changed. But thanks to the Language Detective, and a carving on a cliff, with patience and effort, it can be deciphered.  There are many cuneiform tablets that are still waiting to be translated, and more ancient tablets still being found today. The more scientists translate, the more we learn about the ancient Sumerians. They were such a clever people. They not only invented writing, they also invented the first sailboat and the wheel - three very important inventions in ancient times, each having a huge effect on the culture of these ancient people.

Source: (http://mesopotamia.mrdonn.org/cuneiform.html) accessed on December 20, 2017

Part X Thinking part! 1. Examine the following pictures and identify what they are.

________________________

__________________ _______________

_______________ ____________

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__________________ _______________ ___________ _______________

2. Where does Ancient Mesopotamia overlap with modern day countries?

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