site-specific health and safety plan for work activities at the … rev10-29... · 2008. 11. 5. ·...

Site-Specific Health and Safety Plan for Work Activities at the Environmental Remediation Science Program (ERSP)

Oak Ridge Field Research Center (ORFRC), Oak Ridge, Tennessee

D. B. Watson H. D. Quarles

Environmental Sciences Division Publication No. 5040

Environmental Sciences Division

Site-Specific Health and Safety Plan for Work Activities at the Environmental Remediation Science Program (ERSP)

Oak Ridge Field Research Center (ORFRC), Oak Ridge, Tennessee

D. B. Watson Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Field Research Center Manager

H. D. Quarles

Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Field Research Center Regulatory Specialist

August 2000

M. A. Bogle Revised December 2006

Prepared by Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory

UT-Battelle, LLC.

ESD Publication 5040

Prepared for U.S. Department of Energy

Office of Biological and Environmental Research Under budget and reporting code KP1302000

OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6285

managed by UT-BATTELLE, LLC

for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC05-00OR22725

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CONTENTS

ACRONYMS..................................................................................................................................iv FOREWORD ...................................................................................................................................v 1. INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION...............................................................1

1.1. INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................1 1.2. DESCRIPTION OF ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED ON THE ORFRC.............................3

2. SITE ORGANIZATION AND COORDINATION ..................................................................5 2.1. SITE SAFETY AND HEALTH OFFICER ......................................................................5 2.2. ORFRC MANAGER.........................................................................................................5 2.3. PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS AND FIELD PROJECT PERSONNEL ......................6 2.4. RADIATION PROTECTION...........................................................................................7

3. INTEGRATED SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ...........................................................9 4. TASK SPECIFIC HAZARD EVALUATION AND CONTROLS ........................................10

4.1. FIELD SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS OF GROUNDWATER....................................10 4.2. TRACER TESTS / MICROBIAL MANIPULATION AND TRANSPORT STUDIES 13 4.3. WATER LEVEL MEASUREMENTS ...........................................................................15 4.4. HYDRAULIC TESTING................................................................................................17 4.5. CORING AND WELL INSTALLATION......................................................................18 4.6. FIELD-SCALE EVALUATION OF BIOSTIMULATION FOR REMEDIATION OF

URANIUM-CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER ....................................................23 4.7. GEOPHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS............................................................................23

5. OTHER HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN ELEMENTS........................................................26 5.1. REVISIONS/ MODIFICATIONS TO THE HASP ........................................................26

5.1.1. Modifications allowed........................................................................................26 5.1.2. Documenting minor revisions to the HASP.......................................................26

5.2. MONITORING ...............................................................................................................26 5.3. SITE ACCESS AND SPILL CONTROL .......................................................................27 5.4. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT...................................................................27 5.5. TEMPERATURE EXTREMES AND SITE CHARACTERISTICS .............................27

5.5.1. Effects and Prevention of Heat Stress ................................................................28 5.5.2. Cold Exposure....................................................................................................29

5.6. DECONTAMINATION..................................................................................................29 5.7. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS/RESPONSE............................................................30

6. TRAINING/MEDICAL REQUIREMENTS...........................................................................31 6.1. SITE-SPECIFIC HAZARD COMMUNICATION AND ACCESS BRIEFING............31 6.2. MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE........................................................................................32

APPENDIX A DATA TABLES..................................................................................................A-1 APPENDIX B SPALDING/WATSON MEMO DATED DECEMBER 16, 2005......................B-1 APPENDIX C MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS (LINK)................................................C-1 APPENDIX D HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN ACCEPTANCE AND TRAINING ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.....................................................D-1 APPENDIX E HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN CHANGE FORM .......................................... E-1

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ACRONYMS CFR Code of Federal Regulations DOE Department of Energy DOT Department of Transportation ERSP Environmental Remediation Science Program ESD Environmental Sciences Division ESH&Q Environmental Safety, Health, and Quality FRC Field Research Center GFCI Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter ISM Integrated Safety Management ISMS Integrated Safety Management System HASP Health and Safety Plan HAZWOPER Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response HEPA High Efficiency Particulate Air LEL Lower Explosive Limit LSM Laboratory Space Manager LSS Laboratory Shift Superintendent MOT Materials of Trade MOU Memorandum of Understanding MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet OBER Office of Biological and Environmental Research ORFRC Oak Ridge Field Research Center ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory ORR Oak Ridge Reservation OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Act PPE Personal Protective Equipment PSS Plant Shift Superintendent RCT Radiological Control Technician RHAC Research Hazard Analysis and Control RSS Research Safety Summary RWP Radiological Work Permit SME Subject Matter Expert SSHO Site Safety & Health Officer VOC Volatile Organic Compound WSS Work Smart Standards Y-12 Y-12 National Security Complex

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FOREWORD This document represents a major revision of ORNL/TM-2000/264 titled ‘Site-Specific Health and

Safety Plan for Work Activities at the Natural and Accelerated Bioremediation Research (NABIR) Field Research Center (FRC), Oak Ridge, Tennessee’. To reflect programmatic changes at DOE, the title has been changed to ‘Site-Specific Health and Safety Plan for Work Activities at the Environmental Remediation Science Program (ERSP) Oak Ridge Field Research Center (ORFRC), Oak Ridge, Tennessee’.

The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) implementing regulations of 29 CFR 1910.120

govern hazardous waste operations and emergency response (HAZWOPER). These regulations require that employers of employees involved in certain specific hazardous waste operations 1) develop and implement a written health and safety program and 2) that the program incorporate a site-specific health and safety plan.

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has employees conducting activities which fall within the

scope of these regulations, and thus, has in place a written health and safety program as required. Its contents are contained in the ORNL HAZWOPER Program Manual. Some activities conducted at the contaminated portion of the Environmental Remediation Sciences Program’s Oak Ridge Field Research Center (ORFRC) may fall within the scope of these OSHA regulations. Thus, to assure regulatory compliance, this site-specific Health and Safety Plan (HASP) covering activities conducted at the contaminated portion of the ORFRC has been prepared. This HASP will also be used to define safe work procedures for tasks conducted in uncontaminated areas of the ORFRC. In addition to the HASP, work control at the ORFRC is governed by the Integrated Safety Management (ISM) System. The basis of ISM implementation in R&D work activity is the Research Hazard Analysis and Control (RHAC) System, a web-based application that guides a Principal Investigator (PI) through the ISM process. The product of this process is the Research Safety Summary (RSS), which contains the identified environmental, safety, and health hazards and controls. The ORFRC RSS defines the limits within which R&D work activity at the ORFRC is authorized to be conducted and also covers laboratory work not governed by this HASP. The RSS is reviewed for possible revisions on an annual basis. Additional mechanisms, such as internal operating procedures, checklists, operator training and certification, etc., may be used to define work controls and are referenced within the HASP and RSS.

The regulatory requirements for site-specific health and safety plans are found at 29 CFR 1910.120

(b) (4) and include ten specific elements which are designated in this document with the letters A through J. Each of these elements is addressed in this HASP for the ORFRC. Each element is listed below along with the section number where it is addressed in this health and safety plan.

HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN ELEMENT SECTION NO. IN THIS PLAN

A) Health and safety risk hazard analysis 4.

B) Employee training assignments and requirements 6.1 C) Personal protective equipment requirements 4., 5.4 D) Medical surveillance requirements 6.2 E) Frequency and types of monitoring required 4., 5.2

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F) Site control measures 5.3 G) Decontamination procedures 4., 5.6 H) Emergency response plan 5.7 I) Confined space entry procedures 4.6 J) Spill containment program 5.3

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1. INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION

1.1. INTRODUCTION The Environmental Sciences Division (ESD) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory has established

the Oak Ridge Field Research Center (ORFRC) on the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, to support the DOE’s Environmental Remediation Sciences Program (ERSP) under the Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER). The ORFRC provides a site for investigators funded through the ERSP to conduct research and obtain samples related to natural attenuation, site remediation and long-term environmental stewardship. The goal of the program is to understand the complex physical, chemical, and biological properties of sites contaminated with subsurface metal, radionuclide, nitrate and other contaminants in order to develop improved remediation strategies for cleaning up DOE’s contaminated legacy waste sites. The ORFRC is integrated with existing and future laboratory and field research and provides a means of examining the hydro-biogeochemical processes that influence remediation and natural attenuation under controlled, small-scale field conditions all the way up to the watershed scale.

The ORFRC lies within the Y-12 National Security Complex (Y-12) area of responsibility on the Oak

Ridge Reservation (Fig. 1.1). Y-12 is located in Bear Creek Valley adjacent to the City of Oak Ridge. The ORFRC includes a 243-acre (98-ha), previously disturbed contaminated area used for conducting

experiments on a plume of contaminated groundwater. The ORFRC also includes a 404-acre (163-ha) background area (Fig. 1.1), which provides for comparison studies in an uncontaminated area, and ancillary structures located within a 3.2 -mile (5.2-km) radius of each other on the ORR. The ORFRC contaminated field site includes the commingled groundwater plume found in the shallow unconsolidated sediments (<10 m depth), Nolichucky Shale, and Maynardville Limestone that originated from a combination of the S-3 Waste Disposal Ponds and the Bone Yard/Burn Yard. However, much of the focus of investigations is on the easily accessible shallow unconsolidated sediments that overlie the Nolichucky Shale. Contaminants in this plume and in the shallow saturated and unsaturated soils include uranium, Tc-99, strontium metal, nitrate, barium, cadmium, volatile organic contaminants (VOCs) as well as other inorganics and radionuclides believed to be of interest to ERSP investigators.

The overall procedures for conducting research at the ORFRC and ensuring regulatory compliance

are outlined in the project Management Plan (ORNL/TM-2000/267). This site-specific Health and Safety Plan (HASP) addresses the safety aspects of the spectrum of work activities conducted at the ORFRC, in conjunction with the current authorized project RSS, i.e., RSS # 824: https://sbms.ornl.gov/rhac/AuthUsers/Reports/JheHistory.cfm?ProjID=824. The work is conducted as a series of individual projects by various principal investigators (PIs) from academia, national laboratories, industry, and federal agencies that have been selected to participate at the ORFRC and includes research activities at both the contaminated and uncontaminated areas of the ORFRC. ORFRC research activities are supported by ORNL ESD personnel, and associated ORNL environmental, safety, and health support groups. Activities at the contaminated area fall under the scope of Code of Federal Regulations, 29 CFR 1910.120, Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response. The purpose of this document is to establish general site-specific health and safety guidelines to be followed by all personnel conducting work at the ORFRC, in both contaminated and uncontaminated areas, regardless of organizational affiliation. Work at the ORFRC will be performed in accordance with requirements, as stipulated, in the ORNL HAZWOPER Program Manual, the project RSS, and applicable ORNL, UT-Battelle, and DOE policies and procedures. This HASP serves as an extension of the ORNL HAZWOPER Program Manual and, when combined with the project Management Plan, fulfills the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.120.

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Fig. 1.1. Location of the ORFRC in Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

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As mentioned above, in addition to the requirements of this HASP, specific environment, safety, health, and quality (ESH&Q) reviews are conducted for each individual project proposed for the ORFRC, as well as all ORFRC support activities, using the Integrated Safety Management System and associated Research Hazard Analysis and Control System processes. These reviews highlight the specific safety requirements applicable to each project based on project activities and location. ISM reviews result in mandatory project-specific ESH&Q requirements lists contained in Research Safety Summaries (RSSs), which apply to activities conducted at the ORFRC. RSSs are updated and re-authorized annually. Thus, all activities at the ORFRC are conducted in accordance with current ORNL Health and Safety Directives and Radiological Protection Operations procedures and guidelines. In addition, all researchers conducting work at the ORFRC are trained to their project-specific RSS(s) covering their research activities. It is not the purpose of this HASP to duplicate this information; rather this HASP concentrates on hazards specific to routine field support tasks at the ORFRC and highlights appropriate controls.

The levels of protection and procedures specified in this HASP are based on the best information

available from historical data and recent evaluations of the area. Therefore, these recommendations represent the minimum health and safety and radiological requirements to be observed by all personnel engaged in work at the ORFRC. Unforeseeable site conditions, changes in scope of work, or hazardous conditions not previously considered will warrant a reassessment of the protection levels and controls stated. Refer to Sect. 5.1 for requirements pertaining to field modifications and changes to the HASP.

1.2. DESCRIPTION OF ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED ON THE ORFRC The ORFRC supports four broad types of activities:

1. Sample acquisition: Source of subsurface samples for use by ERSP investigators. 2. Intrinsic remediation analyses: Characterization and analysis of the key subsurface features,

processes, and conditions that support natural attenuation. 3. Accelerated remediation research: In situ experimental research on fundamental mechanisms to

accelerate remediation. 4. Assessment (field-based evaluation) research: In situ evaluation of new methods for

characterizing, monitoring and predicting the effectiveness of remediation.

Implementing these activities at the ORFRC involves:

• Installation of groundwater wells and coring - Drilling (e.g., air rotary, coring, push-probes, hollow-stem auger, sonic).

• Hydrogeologic characterization

- Hydraulic testing (e.g., water level monitoring, pumping tests, slug tests, point dilution tests, tracer tests)

• Geophysical testing

- Seismic, neutron, electrical, gamma, sonic, ground penetrating radar.

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• Microbiology & geochemistry

- Collection of groundwater and core samples - Sampling for off-site investigators - Sample preservation in the field (e.g., chemical fixing, freezing with liquid nitrogen)

• Biogeochemistry

- Groundwater and core samples under controlled atmospheric conditions - Sample storage and shipment (on- & off-site)

• Manipulative tests

- Addition of nutrients (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, ethanol, electron donors, etc.) for biostimulation

- Addition of chemical stimulants for immobilization of contaminants • Bacterial transport research & development – bio-augmentation

- Enrichments of indigenous, naturally occurring organisms - Enrichments of non-indigenous, naturally occurring organisms

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2. SITE ORGANIZATION AND COORDINATION ORFRC research activities are performed by PIs and field project personnel with various affiliations,

and by ESD personnel. All work is performed under the direction of the ORFRC Manager and support staff, all of whom are ESD employees. Appropriate health and safety services, including additional monitoring and oversight, are provided by ORNL’s Safety Services Division, Nuclear and Radiological Protection Division and Environmental Protection and Waste Services Division.

The following section describes the organizational structure of the ORFRC. Key personnel and their

responsibilities are listed. Mr. David Watson is the ORFRC Manager; Mary Anna Bogle is the Site Safety and Health Officer (SSHO); Kirk Hyder is the alternate SSHO.

2.1. SITE SAFETY AND HEALTH OFFICER The SSHO advises the ORFRC Manager on health and safety issues and conducts site-specific

briefings to new staff prior to initiation of site activities. The SSHO assesses the potential for worker exposures to hazardous agents, recommends appropriate hazard controls for protection of task site personnel, and directs personnel to obtain immediate medical attention in the event of a work-related injury or illness. The SSHO, with guidance from Health and Safety Field Support staff or other subject matter experts (SMEs), ensures any necessary monitoring of potential chemical hazards is performed, reviews the effectiveness of monitoring and personal protective equipment (PPE), and recommends upgrades or downgrades in protective health and safety measures. The SSHO ensures that appropriate fall protection measures are available and that needed work permits such as Radiological Work Permits (RWPs) are obtained. The SSHO notifies Radiological Protection Operations when radiological support is required. The SSHO has stop work authority and advises emergency response personnel of an emergency and contacts the Y-12 Plant Shift Superintendent’s (PSS’s) Office when stop work conditions exist due to suspected health and safety hazard(s). The SSHO authorizes the return to work following resolution of any health and safety hazards or other stop work issues. The SSHO ensures that this HASP is revised and approved if there are changes in site conditions or tasks. The SSHO shall be available for consultation and shall be aware of any new project-related work occurring on site.

2.2. ORFRC MANAGER The ORFRC Manager has primary responsibility for directing and managing all ORFRC activities,

including coordination with Bechtel Jacobs Company (the Environmental Management contractor) and Y-12 support organizations. The ORFRC Manager ensures that all on-site project personnel meet the required level of training, have reviewed the HASP, and are instructed in safe work practices. The ORFRC Manager also ensures that a qualified SSHO is designated and that the SSHO is kept informed of new work to be conducted at the site. The ORFRC Manager, with the assistance of the SSHO, maintains a current copy of the HASP. In addition, the ORFRC Manager and staff perform oversight of field activities, maintain awareness of site operations, and ensure that all project personnel adhere to ES&H requirements in order to prevent accidents from occurring.

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The ORFRC Manager is responsible for ensuring that the following five core functions of the Integrated Safety Management System are fulfilled appropriately:

1. Define the work, roles and responsibilities. Allocate resources to ensure that research goals are

balanced with safe work practices. 2. Identify and analyze the hazards. This function is accomplished using the RHAC system for

RSSs, through consultation with SMEs, by referencing MSDSs, and following Work Smart Standards (WSS) and lessons learned by other PIs and staff,

3. Develop and implement hazard controls tailored to the work being performed.

• Resources include ERSP and ORFRC staff, SMEs, ORNL WSS, RHAC System, Environmental Management System, Hazardous Materials Inventory System, ESD Chemical Hygiene Plan, Division and project procedures, Training Needs Assessment process, Laboratory Operating Manuals, Laboratory Space Managers, ESD ESH&Q staff, and Lessons Learned and Alerts

• Examples of actions and tools include optimization of engineering controls and procedural approaches with training, HAZCOM job-specific training, job pre-briefings, compliance-based and project-specific training, ES&H permits (e.g., RWPs, Lockout/Tagout process), and protective equipment

4. Perform work within controls to ensure the work is done safely.

• Communicate expectations to project staff • Ensure that the controls identified in the ORFRC RSS, and this HASP are carried out • Ensure opportunity for procedure modification in response to unanticipated situations • Stop work if imminent danger exists

5. Provide feedback and continuous improvement. • Solicit feedback from project staff regarding ESH&Q issues and act on that input • Communicate concerns to and seek help from supervisors and the ESH&Q group • Reallocate resources to address issues that arise • Ensure safety meetings and site briefings are performed

2.3. PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS AND FIELD PROJECT PERSONNEL PIs and field project personnel involved in onsite operations are responsible for understanding the

intent of the principles of Integrated Safety Management (ISM) and are to be knowledgeable of the processes in place to satisfy the intent of ISM. PIs should have gone through the ISM process for their individual projects and should ensure that their activities are covered by an authorized RSS prior to beginning their work at the ORFRC:

1. Define the Scope of Work

• Understand the expectations which are to be met in particular work assignments • Understand the responsibilities of the ORFRC Manager and SSHO • Provide documentation of training to the ORFRC Manager or SSHO prior to beginning work

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2. Identify and analyze the hazard

• Notify the SSHO of any special medical conditions (i.e., allergies, diabetes, etc.) • Actively participate in identification of hazards prior to beginning work • Ensure that potential work hazards have been evaluated by subject matter experts and are

accounted for in all work practices 3. Develop and implement hazard controls

• Seek the help of the SSHO, ESD’s ESH&Q staff, and SMEs, as appropriate, to analyze the hazards

• Ensure that control strategies are developed and implemented, as appropriate, before work begins

• Ensure safety measures are incorporated into activities (i.e., through changes in the HASP, project-specific RSS, work aides, or standard operating procedures)

4. Perform work within controls

• Perform only those tasks that can be done safely • Meet the responsibilities and safely perform the tasks that are delegated to them • Take all reasonable precautions to prevent injury to themselves and to their fellow

employees; be alert to potentially harmful situations • Suspend work if unexpected concerns arise and modify plans to address concerns before

resuming work • Comply with the work plan, HASP, ORFRC RSS and project-specific RSS, as well as

postings and rules at the project site 5. Provide feedback and continuous improvement

• Keep the ORFRC Manager and SSHO informed of any issues, problems, or concerns

regarding all aspects of their work • Notify appropriate facility management personnel or the facility point of contact of any

unsafe condition, violation, noncompliance, or environmental threat discovered in a facility • Report to the SSHO any changes in site conditions that may affect health and safety • Immediately notify the SSHO of symptoms or signs of exposure potentially related to any

chemical, physical, or biological hazards present at the site and immediately report any accidents, injuries, and/or unsafe conditions to the SSHO

• If unsafe conditions develop, task site personnel are authorized and expected to stop work and notify the SSHO and ORFRC Manager of the unsafe condition.

2.4. RADIATION PROTECTION The ORNL Nuclear and Radiological Protection Division will be responsible for oversight and

approval of PPE related to radiation protection at rad-contaminated sites. A Radiological Protection Operations representative will be contacted for all radiological concerns at the site. Relevant directives include ORNL Radiation Protection Program Description, and 10 CFR 835, Occupational Radiation

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Protection. Detailed information on radiological-related requirements for postings, labeling, surveys, etc. is given in the authorized RSS # 824 for the ORFRC.

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3. INTEGRATED SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM The ISMS process systematically integrates safety into management and work practices at all levels

so missions are accomplished while protecting the public, the worker, and the environment. Direct involvement of workers during the development and implementation of safety management systems is essential for success. DOE requires that the principles of ISM be implemented for all ORNL activities. Therefore, all ORFRC personnel are expected to incorporate the five basic ISM core functions during all work activities:

1. Define the scope of work 2. Identify and analyze hazards associated with the work 3. Develop and implement hazard controls 4. Perform work activities within these controls 5. Provide feedback on the adequacy of the controls to continue improving safety management

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4. TASK SPECIFIC HAZARD EVALUATION AND CONTROLS The purpose of the ORFRC hazard evaluation is to identify and assess potential hazards that

personnel might encounter and to prescribe methods of hazard control. Data tables A-1and A-2 in Attachment A give the results of chemical and radiological contaminant analyses in soils, groundwater, and surface water at representative locations within the ORFRC contaminated areas. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) for chemicals that are likely to be handled when conducting field work can be obtained at ORNL web address: http://hmweb.ctd.ornl.gov/msds/msds_home.htm.

A description of sampling procedures and activities to be conducted at the ORFRC at both the

contaminated and uncontaminated areas is described below, and is also provided in greater detail in the Site Characterization Plan and Management Plan, both of which are available at: http://public.ornl.gov/nabirfrc/frcadd6.cfm. Additional sampling and analysis plans will be posted as the project work progresses.

4.1. FIELD SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS OF GROUNDWATER Task Description: Procedures for field sampling and analysis of groundwater are described in the

FRC Site Characterization Plan. Groundwater will generally be sampled with a peristaltic pump. Slow purge techniques will be used in order to reduce the disturbance caused by removal of large volumes of water from the system. Field parameters will be monitored until stable groundwater chemistry (e.g. specific conductance, pH, Eh, temperature, dissolved oxygen) readings are obtained on the field monitoring equipment. When measuring DO, Eh and other field parameters, the monitoring equipment may be fitted with a flow-through cell to reduce exposure to the atmosphere. Contaminated purge water will be collected in 55-gallon drums, small carboys, or pumped to a tanker truck for future disposal through the environmental management contractor, Bechtel Jacobs Company. Purge water from wells in the background, i.e., uncontaminated, area may be discharged to the ground.

Samples will be handled and transported on the ORR according to regulatory requirements and

procedures outlined in detail in the authorized RSS, RSS # 824. A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the ORNL Transportation and Packaging Management group covers the requirements for shipping samples offsite via a commercial vendor (e.g., FedEx). Samples will be preserved and stored as required by the analytical protocols (e.g. cooled, acidified). Storage in the field at the ORFRC may occur for short periods of time in ice chests containing “blue ice” but samples, when appropriate, will be quickly transferred to refrigerator or freezer storage at one of the FRC facilities (i.e., 9983-FX, 9983-FY) or to ESD facilities at ORNL. Dry ice and occasionally liquid nitrogen are used for freezing samples in the field prior to transport to lab freezers. The project RSS addresses the safe use of these. All storage of rad-contaminated samples will follow procedures and regulations relevant to handling of low-level radioactive materials. Handling and labeling requirements for transportation and storage of low-level radioactive materials are discussed in greater detail in the project RSS, RSS # 824. Special handling procedures may be required to maintain anoxic sterile conditions for some microbial samples collected.

Equipment and Materials: Sampling equipment includes sampling tube (remains in the monitoring

wells); peristaltic pump; a YSI, or other manufacturer, multi-parameter field instrument (for measuring groundwater field parameters); filters and sample containers; field test kits for analyzing for sulfur, ferrous iron, nitrite/nitrate, dissolved oxygen, and carbonate in groundwater. Some samples may be preserved for later chemical analysis by acidifying to a pH ≤2 (usually with nitric acid but occasionally with hydrochloric or sulfuric acid). Occasionally formaldehyde may be used as a biological preservative.

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Standards for calibrating instruments for pH and conductivity are also used. Stand-alone probes may be used for soil gross radioactive screening, downhole uranium analysis, pH, Eh, and groundwater specific conductance measurements. Compressed gas cylinders filled with nitrogen, argon, or other inert gases also may be used to flush the void space in sample containers of air prior to and/or after sampling.

Task Hazards and Controls:

Chemical and Radiological Hazards

• Groundwater Contact: Based on previously obtained sample data, the risk of chemical or

radiological exposure from short-term exposure to groundwater and surface water samples collected from wells in the ORFRC subsurface contamination areas is minimal (Tables A-1 and A-2 give the results of chemical and radiological contaminant analyses in soils, groundwater, and surface water at representative locations within the ORFRC contaminated areas). However, direct contact with contaminated materials should be avoided. Disposable latex or nitrile gloves and safety glasses with side shields will be worn to prevent skin and eye contact when conducting groundwater sampling in areas with subsurface contamination. While groundwater collected from background wells is not contaminated, the wearing of gloves and safety glasses is recommended, though not required, when sampling these wells.

• Reagent Contact: Corrosive or oxidizing reagents pose a contact hazard. To prevent eye and skin

contact when working with corrosive or oxidizing reagents, disposable latex or nitrile gloves and safety glasses with side shields will be worn. If a significant splash hazard exists when handling corrosive or oxidizing reagents, safety goggles are to be worn.

Physical and Mechanical Hazards

• Tripping/Falling: Precautions should be taken to avoid trip, slip, and fall accidents when walking

or climbing on irregular or slippery surfaces. When changing locations, the area will be visually surveyed for slippery surfaces and tripping hazards.

• Traffic Control: In areas where task activity obstructs traffic, a flagman will be used. This person

will wear an orange colored vest for visibility.

• Heat/Cold Stress: Appropriate clothing for environmental and weather conditions will be worn. Temperature extremes may be a hazard for consideration depending on the timing of the activity. Refer to Section 5.5 for discussion of recognition of symptoms and controls.

• Gas cylinders: Pressurized gas cylinders will be transported and handled in accordance with

applicable Department of Transportation (DOT) and ORNL guidance and regulations. Materials of Trade (MOT) Awareness training is required for anyone transporting gas cylinders. Care will be taken to secure cylinders upright during transport to ensure they are not damaged by a fall. Cylinders will also be secured at the site so they will not tip over during storage and use. Rules and practices for handling compressed gas cylinders can be found at:

http://sbms.ornl.gov/sbms/sbmsearch/subjarea/cgc/cgc_sa.cfm.

• Flammable Gas: In a few groundwater wells in the near vicinity of the old S-3 Pond Site,

elevated levels of hydrogen gas have been measured in the groundwater and the headspace above groundwater (see Appendix B, memo by Brian Spalding dated December 16, 2005). Follow-up

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measurements of the headspace in these wells, as well as others in the area, have shown hydrogen levels to be either non-detectible or well below the lower explosive limit (LEL) for hydrogen (LEL = 40,000 ppm).

Electrical Hazards

• A ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) will be used with any AC-powered equipment used

in the field. GFCIs should be tested prior to each use and replaced if defective.

Biological/Vector Hazards

• Ticks/Snakes/Pathogens: When working in brushy areas, caution will be used to avoid snakes and vector carriers such as ticks. Clothing and skin will be checked for ticks after walking in brush. Repellents (per manufacturer’s instructions) will be used in areas with heavy tick infestation. Hands should be washed before eating and drinking.

Personal Protective Equipment Required to Address General Site Hazards

• Level of Protection: D

− Protective Clothing: DOE-issued work clothes or disposable Tyvek.

− Head gear: Safety glasses with side shields when sampling groundwater in the subsurface

contamination areas of the ORFRC. Safety goggles or safety glasses and a face shield will be worn if a significant splash hazard exists when handling corrosive or oxidizing reagents.

− Gloves: Latex or nitrile (when conducting groundwater sampling in the subsurface

contamination areas of the ORFRC or handling corrosive or oxidizing reagents)

− Footwear: Sturdy work shoes

Monitoring Requirements

• Radiological Monitoring: Although no radiological exposure is expected, the need for radiological monitoring for this task will be reviewed by the Radiological Control Technician (RCT) or Radiological Protection Operations Group. See current RSS (# 824) for radiological requirements.

• Flammable/ Explosive Gas Monitoring: Because of recent findings (see Appendix B) of

elevated levels of hydrogen gas in a few groundwater wells just west of the old S-3 Pond site, any new wells installed in this area will be monitored for flammable / explosive gases. Monitoring will be conducted to establish that if hydrogen is detected in the well headspace that levels are well below the LEL for hydrogen and, therefore, do not present a combustion hazard. A hazard / safety assessment will be required prior to the start of any work requiring the use of ignition sources in the vicinity of wells known to have detectible levels of hydrogen in the headspace.

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4.2. TRACER TESTS / MICROBIAL MANIPULATION AND TRANSPORT STUDIES Task Description: A description of tracer testing procedures is provided in the FRC Site

Characterization Plan. Microbial manipulative tests may involve injection of nutrients (carbon sources, nitrogen, phosphorous, electron donors, etc.) into wells for biostimulation or the addition of chemical stimulants for immobilization of contaminants. Bacterial transport research may involve enrichments of indigenous, naturally occurring organisms or the addition of non-indigenous naturally occurring organisms in groundwater. The tracer or microbial stimulant may be injected or pumped directly into the injection well, or in some instances an injection system will consist of a double straddle packer design that will be used to isolate the screened interval in the injection well. A computational data logger may be used to automatically deliver small increments of a concentrated tracer stock solution through a solenoid valve in order to maintain a constant diluted injection concentration within the packed interval. The fluid in the injection interval will be continuously mixed by re-circulating groundwater through a peristaltic pump and flow-through temperature-compensated conductivity cell. Copper refrigeration tubing may be used for the entire circulation system. Copper tubing will eliminate the loss of dissolved gas tracers (e.g., He, Ne, SF6, Kr) that may be co-injected into the same wells. The gas injection and sampling system utilizes molecular diffusion through gas-permeable tubing. Gas is continuously pumped through a coil of Teflon tubing installed in the screened section of the well. The gas diffuses quickly into the surrounding groundwater, coming to a steady-state concentration based on the in situ temperature and pressure conditions, the solubility constant, and the average groundwater flux through the well screen.

Gas samples will be obtained from monitoring wells using passive-diffusive samplers. Dissolved gas

diffuses through the silicon tubing and comes to equilibrium with the surrounding groundwater. A portion of the gas is trapped in the copper tube, which is open to the silicon tubing by way of a valve while the sampler is suspended in the well. When the sampler is removed from the well, the silicon tubing is immediately disconnected, closing the valve and sealing in the gas sample. Alternatively, water samples may be obtained using methods similar to those used for sampling some VOCs. In that case, headspace samples would be analyzed for the gas tracers. Anionic tracer and microbial samples are generally collected as described in Sect. 4.1 for groundwater field sampling, although special procedures may be required to maintain anoxic sterile conditions for the microbial samples.

Equipment and Materials: Equipment includes sampling tube (remains in the monitoring wells);

peristaltic pump; a YSI, or other manufacturer, multi-parameter field instrument (for measuring groundwater field parameters); filters and sample containers (for collecting samples). Non-toxic tracers that may be used include: bromide; fluorescent dyes; ice-nucleating bacteria (INA), PFBA, PIPES; He, Ne, SF6, Kr and other noble gases; and other chemicals. Gas cylinders will be used to transport and store gases. Nutrients may include carbon sources (e.g., lactate), nitrogen, phosphorous, and others.



• Groundwater Contact: Based on previously obtained sample data, the risk of chemical or radiological exposure from short-term exposure to contaminated groundwater and surface water is minimal (Tables A-1 and A-2 give the results of chemical and radiological contaminant analyses in soils, groundwater, and surface water at representative locations within the ORFRC contaminated areas). However, direct contact with contaminated materials should be avoided; therefore, disposable latex or nitrile gloves and safety glasses with side shields will be worn to prevent skin and eye contact when conducting groundwater sampling or tests in areas with subsurface contamination. While groundwater collected from

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background wells is not contaminated, the wearing of gloves and safety glasses is recommended, though not required, when sampling background wells.

• Reagent Contact: Corrosive or oxidizing reagents pose a contact hazard. To prevent eye and

skin contact when corrosive or oxidizing reagents are used disposable latex or nitrile gloves and safety glasses with side shields will be worn. If a significant splash hazard exists when handling corrosive or oxidizing reagents, safety goggles shall be worn or safety glasses and a face shield.


• Tripping/Falling: Precautions should be taken to avoid trip, slip, and fall accidents when

walking or climbing on irregular or slippery surfaces. When changing locations, the area will be visually surveyed for slippery surfaces and tripping hazards.

• Traffic Control: In areas where task activity obstructs traffic, a flagman will be used. This

person will wear an orange colored vest for visibility.

• Heat/Cold Stress: Wear clothing appropriate for environmental and weather conditions. Temperature extremes may be a hazard for consideration depending on the timing of the activity. Refer to Sect. 5.5 for discussion of recognition of symptoms and controls.

• Lifting: Use your legs to lift heavy objects; avoid awkward positions and twisting of the body

and ask for assistance with awkward or heavy loads.

• Gas cylinders: Pressurized gas cylinders will be transported and handled in accordance with applicable DOT and ORNL guidance and regulations. MOT training is required for anyone transporting gas cylinders. Care will be taken to secure the cylinders upright during transport to ensure they are not damaged by a fall. Cylinders will also be secured at the site so they will not tip over during storage and use. Rules and practices for handling gas cylinders can be found at: http://sbms.ornl.gov/sbms/sbmsearch/subjarea/cgc/cgc_sa.cfm.

Electrical Hazards

• A GFCI will be used while operating AC-powered equipment in the field. GFCIs should be

tested prior to each use and replaced if defective.

Biological/Vector Hazards • Ticks/Snakes/Pathogens: When working in brushy areas, caution will be used to avoid snakes

and vector carriers such as ticks. Clothing and skin will be checked for ticks after walking in brush. Repellents (per manufacturer’s instructions) will be used in areas with heavy tick infestation. Hands should be washed before eating and drinking.



− Protective Clothing: DOE-issued work clothes or disposable Tyvek® should be worn

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− Head gear: Safety glasses with side shields (when conducting groundwater sampling in a subsurface contamination area or handling corrosive or oxidizing reagents; safety goggles or safety glasses (with side shields) and a face shield if a significant splash hazard exists while handling corrosive or oxidizing reagents)

− Gloves: Latex or nitrile (when conducting groundwater sampling in subsurface contamination

areas of the ORFRC or handling corrosive or oxidizing reagents)



• Radiological Monitoring: Although no radiological exposure is expected, the need for radiological monitoring for this task will be reviewed by the RCT or Radiological Protection Operations Group. Radiological controls for the ORFRC are discussed in detail in the current authorized version of RSS # 824.

4.3. WATER LEVEL MEASUREMENTS Task Description: Manual water levels are taken by lowering an electronic water level sounder down

into a well. As the sounder is brought out of a well the tip of the sounder that has been submerged is rinsed with distilled water or wiped to remove any residual groundwater. Any rinse water is allowed to drip back down into the well when taking water level measurements in the subsurface contamination areas of the ORFRC.

Water level measurements taken with data loggers and transducers will be downloaded to a portable

computer. Contact with subsurface contaminants unlikely to occur when downloading data. Transducers will be rinsed when moved from well to well.

Equipment and Materials: Equipment includes water level sounder, transducers, data loggers, and

computers. Task Hazards and Controls:


• Groundwater Contact: Based on previously obtained sample data, the risk of chemical or radiological exposure from short-term exposure to contaminated groundwater and surface water is minimal (Tables A-1 and A-2 give the results of chemical and radiological contaminant analyses in soils, groundwater, and surface water at representative locations within the ORFRC contaminated areas). However, direct contact with contaminated materials should be avoided; therefore, disposable latex or nitrile gloves and safety glasses with side shields will be worn when taking water level measurements of wells located in subsurface contamination areas and during the handling of downhole transducers in these same areas to prevent eye and skin contact with contaminated water. The wearing of gloves and safety glasses, though recommended, is not required when taking water level measurements of wells in the background area.

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• Downhole equipment: Rinse downhole equipment with distilled water as it is brought out of the well. A radiological survey of downhole equipment will be performed by the RCT when the equipment is to be moved offsite but not when moving equipment between wells within the subsurface contamination area of the ORFRC.






• Heat/Cold Stress: Wear clothing appropriate for environmental and weather conditions. Temperature extremes may be a hazard for consideration depending on the timing of the activity. Refer to Section 5.5 for discussion of recognition of symptoms and controls.

Electrical Hazards

• A GFCI will be used when operating AC-powered equipment in the field. GFCIs should be

tested prior to each use and replaced if defective.





− Protective Clothing: DOE-issued work clothes or disposable Tyvek®

− Head Gear: Safety glasses with side shields (when taking water level measurements in the

subsurface contamination areas)

− Gloves: Latex or nitrile (when taking water level measurements in the subsurface contamination areas of the ORFRC)



• Radiological Monitoring: Although no radiological exposure is expected, the need for

radiological monitoring for this task will be reviewed by the RCT or Radiological Protection Operations Group. Radiological controls for the ORFRC activities are discussed in detail in the current version of RSS # 824.

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4.4. HYDRAULIC TESTING Task Description: Hydraulic testing using a variety of methods is conducted at the ORFRC.

Pumping tests are conducted by pumping groundwater from a well at a constant rate of discharge. Water levels in the pumped well and nearby well are monitored with a water level sounder or a data logger and transducers. Contaminated groundwater pumped is discharged to storage containers (e.g., 55-gallon drums) or tanker truck. Uncontaminated groundwater (e.g., from the background area wells) may be discharged to the ground.

Slug tests are conducted by placing a solid slug into a well and displacing a known amount of water.

The slug is quickly removed and water levels are taken (with a transducer and data logger or manually with a water level sounder) to monitor groundwater recovery in the well.

Point dilution tests in uncased wells will be conducted by using a dual packer apparatus to isolate a

small section of a well. For drivepoint wells targeting designated depths within the formation, the method will utilize a single packer apparatus to isolate the screened interval since the bottom of the well is already sealed. Groundwater in the test interval will be slowly replaced with deionized water and the specific conductance and pressure-head monitored continuously.

Flow meter (e.g., colloidal borescope or electromagnetic borehole flowmeter) measurements are taken

by lowering the flowmeter into a well and using above-ground equipment (i.e., computers) to monitor the rate and direction of flow. The equipment is rinsed off with distilled water as it is removed from the well.

Equipment and Materials: Equipment includes peristaltic pumps, well packers and compressor to

inflate the packers, water level sounder, transducers, data loggers and computers.



• Groundwater Contact: Based on previously obtained sample data, the risk of chemical or radiological exposure from short-term exposure to contaminated groundwater and contaminated surface water is minimal (Tables A-1and A-2 give the results of chemical and radiological contaminant analyses in soils, groundwater, and surface water at representative locations within the ORFRC contaminated areas). However, direct contact with contaminated materials should be avoided; therefore, disposable latex or nitrile gloves and safety glasses with side shields will be worn to prevent skin and eye contact when conducting hydraulic tests in subsurface contamination areas. The wearing of gloves and safety glasses, though recommended, is not required when conducting hydraulic tests in the background area,






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• Heat/Cold Stress: Wear clothing appropriate for environmental and weather conditions.

Temperature extremes may be a hazard for consideration depending on the timing of the activity. Refer to Sect. 5.5 for recognition of symptoms and controls.

• Lifting: Use your legs to lift heavy objects, avoid awkward positions and twisting of the body






− Protective Clothing: DOE-issued work clothes or disposable Tyvek®

− Head Gear: Safety glasses with side shields

− Gloves: Latex or nitrile (when conducting downhole tests with the potential for exposure to

contaminated groundwater or sediment). − Footwear: Sturdy work shoes


• Radiological Monitoring: Although no radiological exposure is expected, the need for

radiological monitoring for this task will be reviewed by the RCT or Radiological Protection Operations Group. Details of the radiological controls for the ORFRC are given in the current authorized version of RSS # 824.

4.5. CORING AND WELL INSTALLATION

Task Description: Push-probes are installed by using a drill rig and either hydraulically pushing or

hammering steel drive pipe into the ground (refer to the FRC Site Characterization Plan for a more complete description of coring and well installation). Sections of piping are added (threaded attachment) until the desired depth is reached. A small diameter well can then be constructed inside the hollow pipe as it is withdrawn from the ground or in the uncased hole after the drive pipe is removed completely. The drive point is either left in the ground or withdrawn through the hollow drive pipe. Soil cores can be taken during drilling operations by driving split-spoon or other types of samplers. The core samples will be scanned by the RCT and processed at the surface. See the current authorized version of RSS # 824 for detailed information on radiological posting, surveying, and labeling requirements for drilling activities in the subsurface contamination areas of the ORFRC. Special procedures and use of compressed inert gases such as nitrogen or argon may be required to maintain anoxic sterile conditions for some core samples that will have microbial analyses conducted on them. Dry ice and liquid nitrogen may be used for

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freezing core samples in the field prior to storage in a lab freezer; flame boys, isopropanol and diluted chlorine bleach are used for sterilizing core sampling instruments, e.g. spoons, knives, hacksaw blades. Details on the hazards and controls for these are given in RSS # 824. Drilling equipment and drive pipe are cleaned and decontaminated by pressure washing. Hollow-stem augers and other drilling methods may also be used to install groundwater monitoring wells. These methods produce drill cuttings that need to be contained and managed according to procedures outlined in the project Management Plan and the authorized version of RSS # 824.

Equipment and Materials: Equipment includes drill rigs and associated equipment and support

vehicles such as air compressors, pressure washers, generators, drill rods, containment boxes (e.g., B-25 boxes), and well construction materials. A glove bag and compressed gas cylinders may be used to process cores for microbial analyses.



• Groundwater Contact: Based on previously obtained sample data, the risk of chemical or radiological exposure from short-term exposure to contaminated groundwater is minimal (Tables A-1 and A-2 give the results of chemical and radiological contaminant analyses in soils, groundwater, and surface water at representative locations within the ORFRC contaminated areas). However, direct contact with contaminated materials should be avoided. Therefore, disposable latex or nitrile gloves and safety glasses with side shields will be worn to prevent inadvertent skin and eye contact when there is chance for exposure to contaminated groundwater when conducting drilling and well installation activities.

• Soil/cuttings Contact: Workers could be exposed to contaminated soil remaining on the

piping as it is raised out of the ground. This hazard will be minimized by scanning the drive pipe as it is raised out of the hole. Prior to removal from the area, all drill pipe, drill cuttings, and any core samples collected will be scanned for radionuclide contamination. An exclusion area will be set up around the drill rig to prevent entry by personnel that are not trained or wearing proper protection. A minimum of two people are required for this operation. A RWP will be required if drilling is to be performed in areas contaminated with radionuclides. Detailed information on radiological requirements is given in the current version of RSS # 824.

• VOCs / Acid Vapors: There is the potential for VOCs and acid vapors to emanate from the

well head. The driller and his assistants should make it a general practice to maintain a distance from the well head. Previous IH monitoring at the ORFRC for VOCs have shown levels to be well below occupational exposure levels requiring any special respiratory protection. If there is concern that hazard conditions have changed, IH will be contacted to conduct additional monitoring at the well head and the appropriate response will be followed based on the findings.


• Gas cylinders: Pressurized gas cylinders will be transported and handled in accordance with

applicable DOT and ORNL guidance and regulations. MOT training is required for anyone transporting gas cylinders. Care will be taken to secure the cylinders upright during transport to ensure they are not damaged by a fall. Cylinders will also be secured at the site so they will

20

not tip over during storage and use. Rules and practices for handling gas cylinders can be found at http://sbms.ornl.gov/sbms/sbmsearch/subjarea/cgc/cgc_sa.cfm.


walking or climbing on irregular or slippery surfaces. When changing locations, the area will be visually surveyed for slippery surfaces and tripping hazards. Operators will avoid accessing locations greater than six feet above ground. If it becomes necessary to perform work on the drill mast, the mast will be lowered prior to performing work.

• Traffic control: In areas where activity obstructs traffic, a flagman will be used. This person

will wear an orange colored vest for visibility.

• Heat/cold stress: Wear clothing appropriate for environmental and weather conditions. Temperature extremes may be a hazard for consideration depending on the timing of the activity. Refer to Sect. 5.5 for discussion of recognition of symptoms and controls.

• Abrasions, scrapes and sprains: Always use appropriate care when using tools and

mechanical equipment. Maintain awareness of body and limb location and think ahead to probable body and object path before applying force to tools. Wear protective clothing as listed below. Drill rods, augers, and tools will be properly stowed and restrained during transport. Support rails will have adequate strength to hold tools. Operators will avoid placing body parts at points of operation and/or pinch points.

• Lifting: Use your legs to lift heavy objects, avoid awkward positions and twisting of the body


• Mechanical hazards of drill rig: Working with drill rigs can result in injuries from equipment dislodging and striking unsuspecting personnel, and from impacts due to flying objects or overturning vehicles. Therefore, follow these precautions:

Drill rig will be inspected visually before each use. If inspection reveals unsafe

conditions, rig will be removed from service and repaired. Only qualified individuals shall make repairs to the drill rig.

Routine inspections of drill rig throughout life of project shall include brakes, hydraulic lines, fire extinguishers, fluid levels, tires, treads, horns, and other safety devices.

Drill rig cabs will be kept free of all nonessential items and all loose items will be secured.

Drill rigs will be provided with necessary safety equipment. Drill rig shall be properly maintained per manufacturer’s recommendations. Only

qualified individuals shall make repairs to the drill rig. Parking brakes will be set before shutting off any heavy equipment or vehicle. High pressure hoses will be secured to prevent “whipping” in the event of a failure. Only competent and specially trained individuals shall be allowed to operate the drill rig. To minimize overhead hazards, wire cables will be inspected by the rig operator prior to

use. Any frayed, kinked, marked, or otherwise damaged cables will be taken out of service.

Operator and other personnel in area during lifting of tools onto rig mast shall position themselves so that they are not under the load, between equipment, or in areas where lifted items could fall.

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Hoisting and lifting equipment operators must have Hoisting and Rigging training. Lift plans are required for the Geoprobe and for the lift on the back of the truck. There must be approved lift plans when using equipment with hoists. The DSO or the SSD representative for ESD are to be contacted if there are any questions concerning the need for a Lift Plan for a piece of equipment.

All personnel are instructed to avoid contact with moving parts as appropriate. An ORNL SSD SME has conducted specific drill rig safety evaluations. This review was conducted in response to a lessons learned regarding pinch points.

• Electrical Hazard: Of special concern to drilling operations is the possibility for conducting

electricity through the drilling tower through either inadvertent contact with underground or overhead power lines, or by lightning strikes. In addition, some of the equipment used is operated by electricity. Unless safe work practices are observed, serious injury or death can result. Therefore, observe the following precautions:

Treat all electrical wires and circuits as ‘live’ unless certain they are not. Always maintain a firm work base to prevent a loss of balance and potential fall onto

energized busses or parts (which should be covered with a good electrical insulator such as a rubber blanket).

All powered hand-tools should have insulated handles, be electrically grounded, or double insulated.

Do not drill within 10 ft of an overhead power line that is ≤ 50 kV (or within 50 ft for > 50 kV) unless power to the line is first turned off for the duration of the drilling.

GFCIs will be used for electrical extension cords in use between a fixed electrical system, i.e., permanent outlet, (unless the fixed electrical system is already GFCI protected) and a tool. GFCIs should be tested prior to each use and replaced if defective.

Prior to drilling, have site representatives delineate the location of underground power lines and other utilities (accomplished through penetration permits as part of ISMS process).

Maintain a watch for electrical storms. If electrical activity appears to be imminent, cease drilling operations and evacuate the area around the drill rig. If time permits do not leave auger or drill string in the borehole.

• Noise: Unprotected exposure of site workers to noise from drilling activities can result in

noise induced hearing loss. Hearing protection must be worn where noise levels are greater than 85 dB. The drill rig operator will ensure that either ear muffs or disposable foam earplugs are made available to all personnel and are used by the personnel in the immediate vicinity of the drill rig.

• Flammable / Explosive Gas: Because of recent findings (see Appendix B) indicating elevated

levels of hydrogen gas in a few wells in the vicinity of the old S-3 Pond site, open holes will be monitored for the presence of hydrogen during the drilling of boreholes and/or installation of new wells. This is to ensure that any detectible hydrogen is well below the LEL and therefore does not present a combustion hazard during the drilling operation. Monitoring will begin as soon as drilling or coring begins. If levels approach the LEL, drilling/coring activities shall cease immediately until conditions can be evaluated.

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− Protective Clothing: DOE-issued work clothes or disposable Tyvek

− Head Gear

Hard hat required for drill rig operations; not required for steam cleaning and washing Safety glasses with side shields or goggles required during drilling and decontamination

(decon) operations Ear muffs or disposable foam earplugs required in the vicinity of drill rig

− Gloves: Leather work gloves will be worn during drilling or decon operations. Nitrile or latex

gloves will be worn under leather gloves when exposure to contaminated groundwater, soil or sludge is likely during coring or well installation.

− Footwear: Steel-toed work shoes

− Respirator (optional): Previous IH surveys have not detected airborne hazards above

occupational exposure levels that require respirator usage. However, drillers may optionally choose to wear a respirator if they have completed the required training and passed the required medical evaluation.


• Radionuclide Contamination: Prior to being removed from any subsurface contamination area

of the ORFRC, all drill pipe, drill cuttings and any core samples collected will be surveyed by the RCT for contamination. An exclusion area will be set up around the drill rig to prevent entry of people that do not have the required training or are not wearing proper PPE. A minimum of two people is required for this operation. A RWP will be required when drilling in ”Underground Radioactive Materials/Soil Contamination Areas”. Radiological controls (postings, labeling, survey requirements, etc.) for the ORFRC are discussed in detail in the current authorized version of RSS # 824.

• Air Quality: Air monitoring with an organic vapor analyzer or other suitable instrument will

be required if in areas where soils or groundwater heavily contaminated with VOCs may be brought to the surface. However, high VOC concentrations are not expected to be encountered at the ORFRC.

• Flammable / Explosive Gas Monitoring: Monitoring for explosive gases will begin as soon

as drilling or coring activities begin. If levels approach the LEL, drilling or coring shall cease immediately until hazard conditions can be evaluated.

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4.6. FIELD-SCALE EVALUATION OF BIOSTIMULATION FOR REMEDIATION OF URANIUM-CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER

Task Description: Groundwater treatment operations are conducted in a large tent (structure number

998T-07) adjacent to a research well field in Area 3 west of the S-3 Ponds parking lot. This task supports an experiment to evaluate the potential for removal of U(VI) in groundwater by reducing it to sparingly soluble U(IV). To accomplish this, the high levels of nitrate present must be removed from the water and the site geochemistry must be made more favorable for microbial growth by taking measures to avoid precipitation and clogging of subsurface pores. This requires neutralization of groundwater above-ground where the precipitate can be removed. Nitrate removal is also accomplished above-ground. This task, therefore, consists of above-ground groundwater preconditioning to support below-ground uranium remediation.

Groundwater neutralization, removal of nitrates and other organic contaminants, and precipitate

removal are carried out by pumping groundwater from designated wells in Area 3 to a series of large polyethylene tanks located in the field tent nearby. The resulting preconditioned groundwater is in turn pumped through lines leading to designated groundwater wells in Area 3. A detailed description of the experiment, including the above-ground preconditioning system, below-ground recirculation system, and all chemicals to be used, is given in the “Work Plan for Field-Scale Evaluation of Biostimulation for Remediation of Uranium-Contaminated Groundwater at the NABIR Field Research Center (Area 3) in Oak Ridge TN” by Criddle et al., 2002. A detailed project-specific RSS exists for this project, RSS # 1599, and therefore the project-specific operations conducted within the tent are not included in this HASP.

Some of the elements of this experiment involve field tasks previously described (i.e., Tasks 4.1

through 4.5). Thus, the previously described hazard evaluations and prescribed methods of control apply when these same tasks are conducted as parts of this experiment. They, therefore, are not discussed again here.

4.7. GEOPHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS Task Description: Geophysical data are acquired to indirectly estimate subsurface properties. Most

of these data are acquired with surface-based sensors, though sensors and/or energy sources may also be deployed in boreholes. Primary methods used at the ORFRC site are multi-electrode electrical resistivity methods, seismic refraction methods, and electromagnetic induction well logging. For multi-electrode resistivity and seismic refraction methods, sensors (electrodes and geophones, respectively) are deployed along profile lines on spikes that penetrate 5-10 cm into the soil. Forty-eight to seventy-two sensors may be deployed at intervals of about 1 meter along the profile line. In downhole mode, the sensors are built into cables that are placed in the borehole. The resistivity energy source is a current placed across a pair of electrode spikes, with voltage measured across a corresponding pair. For seismic surveys, the source is generally an accelerated weight drop, deployed sequentially at evenly-spaced points along the survey line. Electromagnetic induction well logging uses a self-contained probe operated by a winch to precisely record properties of the soil and rocks along the borehole.

Equipment and Materials: Equipment includes a seismograph, cables, geophones or hydrophones,

and an energy source for seismic measurements; Sting console, Swift switching box, cable, and electrodes for multi-electrode resistivity measurements; and probe, cable, recording console, and winch for

24

electromagnetic induction logging. Task Hazards and Controls:

Chemical and Radiological Hazards • Groundwater Contact: Same issue and procedures as cited in Section 4.3 for Water Level

Measurements

• Downhole equipment: Same issue and procedures as cited in Section 4.3 for Water Level Measurements

Physical Hazards

• Tripping/Falling: Precautions should be taken to avoid trip, slip, and fall accidents when walking or climbing on irregular or slippery surfaces. When changing locations, the area will be visually surveyed for slippery surfaces and tripping hazards.


person will wear an orange colored vest for visibility. • Heat/Cold Stress: Wear clothing appropriate for environmental and weather conditions.

Temperature extremes may be a hazard for consideration depending on the timing of the activity. Refer to Sect. 5.5 for discussion of recognition of symptoms and controls.

• Seismic source operation requires adherence to manufacturer’s instructions. Feet, fingers, and

all other body parts must be kept clear of the weight drop source and steel plate that it impacts. Guards (which shield the operator from the mast as it falls) must be used when operating the source. Hearing protection should be worn by the operator at all times.


Ticks/Snakes/Pathogens: When working in brushy areas, caution will be used to avoid snakes and vector carriers such as ticks. Clothing and skin will be checked for ticks after walking in brush. Repellents (per manufacturer’s instructions) will be used in areas with heavy tick infestation. Hands should be washed before eating and drinking.


• Level of Protection: D − Protective Clothing: DOE-issued work clothes or disposable Tyvek − Head Gear: Safety glasses with side shields for seismic source operator; hearing protection

for seismic source operator

− Gloves: Cloth gloves while deploying sensors on profile lines; latex or nitrile gloves for downhole measurements where contact with contaminated groundwater can occur.

− Footwear: Sturdy work shoes (steel-toed boots recommended for seismic tests)

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Monitoring Requirements - (same as for water level – see Sect. 4.3)

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5. OTHER HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN ELEMENTS

5.1. REVISIONS/ MODIFICATIONS TO THE HASP The following actions will warrant revision and approval of this plan by the appropriate health and

safety disciplines:

• Change in tasks (or previously unidentified tasks) that could impact employee health and safety • Changes in hazards (unknown or not previously addressed) which require a significant change in,

or addition to, respiratory protection (as defined in exemptions to the plan modifications), physical/barrier protection features, or other engineering controls

• Occurrences as defined by DOE Order 232.1A

5.1.1. Modifications allowed

Radiological Conditions: Under the direction of the RCT, the level of PPE may be upgraded

including use of air-purifying respirators, for radiological issues. Any upgrades beyond air-purifying respirators will require additional review/approval from the health and safety disciplines and revision of this plan. The RWP shall be continuously updated to reflect the radiological hazards of the work environment.

Non-Radiological Conditions: The SSHO may upgrade PPE for non-radiological issues and

contaminants. For upgrades to include respiratory protection (including air-purifying and supplied air) for previously unidentified non-radiological issues or contaminants such as VOCs, the appropriate health and safety disciplines must be contacted Upgrades to include respiratory protection will require the SSHO to ensure workers have “40-Hour HAZWOPER Training” and to assess any additional medical surveillance requirements after consulting with SMEs. 5.1.2. Documenting minor revisions to the HASP Minor amendments, additions or changes to the HASP will be documented on a “Health and Safety Plan Change Form” (see Appendix E) and attached to the current HASP. A copy of the change form will be disseminated to ORFRC participants to read via e-mail attachment.

5.2. MONITORING Both historical site data and current well monitoring data indicate that chemical and radiological

exposure or radiological contamination of site personnel is not a significant concern within the scope of this project. Therefore, other than for coring and well installation (see Section 4.5) no additional monitoring is required unless there is reason to suspect, based on information identified in the project specific ESH&Q requirement reviews, including development of project-specific RSSs, conducted through the ISMS process, that chemical or radiological contamination will be encountered during field activities.

Instruments used by ORNL Industrial Hygiene representatives will be calibrated and maintained in

accordance with Industrial Hygiene Standard Operating Procedures. Instruments used by the Radiological

27

Protection Operations personnel are calibrated and source checked in accordance with established Health Physics procedures. Site monitoring requirements may change based on site conditions. 5.3. SITE ACCESS AND SPILL CONTROL

Site access is available by controlled access roads. Based on the anticipated levels of contamination,

formal barricaded work zones will not be established unless new monitoring data indicate the need for such barriers. An exclusion zone may be required for drilling operations in the subsurface contamination area of the ORFRC if required to reduce the accidental spread of hazardous substances from contaminated areas to clean areas. The RCT will determine the need for radiological postings. The SSHO will determine, as needed, the locations of the support zone, contamination reduction zone, and the exclusion zone. Personnel accessing these zones must meet access requirements as stated in this plan. Detailed information on radiological controls for the ORFRC, including postings, are given in the authorized version of RSS # 824.

For most FRC field operations, only milliliter quantities of reagents which could pose hazards will be

used at a time on this project. Required controls when using such reagents are latex or nitrile gloves and safety glasses. Emergency eye wash shall be present and operational at the site. Best management practices will be employed to minimize and control spillage. MSDSs for chemicals that are likely to be handled when conducting field work can be obtained at: http://hmweb.ctd.ornl.gov/msds/msds_home.htm.

In the event of eye contact with corrosive or oxidizing reagents, an emergency eye wash will be used.

Emergency eye wash stations are present in ORFRC facilities 9983-FX, 9983-FY and 998T-07. A safety shower is also available in 998T-07. In the case of eye or skin contact, the affected area should be immediately flushed with water for 15 minutes.

5.4. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Level D protection is normally used when the potential for personnel contamination is low, as is the

case with this project. Level D protection will include DOE-furnished clothing or disposable Tyvek. Respirator usage is optional unless new air-borne hazards exceeding occupational exposure levels are detected. Details and special requirements have been covered in the hazard control sections of the specific tasks in Sect. 4 above. Unexpected new hazards will require a reassessment of the specified PPE.

5.5. TEMPERATURE EXTREMES AND SITE CHARACTERISTICS The effect of temperature extremes on personnel is a primary hazard associated with the activities

conducted at the ORFRC. Symptoms and controls related to temperature extremes are considered in detail in this section.

Field activities conducted during the summer or winter pose a hazard because of temperature

extremes. Since the project site is located in a relatively open area, workers shall dress appropriately for environmental conditions, wearing clothing that provides reasonable protection against winter cold and summer sun. Although extreme physical exertion will not be likely within the scope of this project, during hot weather workers are encouraged to be aware of their own symptoms of heat stress (headaches, dizziness, increased heart rate), to drink plenty of water, and to take breaks as needed. Heat stress symptoms, remedies, and monitoring are discussed in Sect. 5.5.1. Cold exposure effects are discussed in Sect. 5.5.2.

28

Workers are also encouraged to apply insect repellant and/or sunscreen as needed prior to field

activities. Workers should exercise caution by visually inspecting their immediate area of activity for presence of poisonous/harmful plant, insect, and animal species as well as any hazard resulting from previous human activity.

5.5.1. Effects and Prevention of Heat Stress

If the body’s physiological processes fail to maintain a normal body temperature because of excessive

heat, a number of physical reactions can occur. They can range from mild symptoms such as fatigue, irritability, anxiety, and decreased concentration, dexterity, or movement, to death.

Heat-related health concerns can include the following: • Heat rash: Caused by continuous exposure to heat and humid air and aggravated by chafing

clothes. Decreases ability to tolerate heat and is a nuisance.

• Heat cramps: Caused by profuse perspiration combined with inadequate fluid intake and chemical replacement, particularly salts. Signs include muscle spasm and pain in the extremities and abdomen.

• Heat exhaustion: Caused by increased stress on various organs to meet increased demands to

cool the body. Signs include nausea, shortness of breath; increased pulse rate (120-200 beats per minute); pale, cool, moist skin; profuse sweating; dizziness; and lassitude.

• Heat stroke: The most severe form of heat stress. The body must be cooled immediately to

prevent severe injury and/or death. Signs include red, hot, dry skin; no perspiration; nausea; dizziness and confusion; strong, rapid pulse; and possibly coma. Medical help must be obtained immediately.

Medical attention must be obtained for the more serious symptoms of heat stress. The following

practices are recommended to help reduce the potential for heat stress: 1. Provide plenty of liquids. To replace body fluids (water and electrolytes) lost due to sweating, use

a 0.1 percent saltwater solution, more heavily salted foods, or commercial mixes. The commercial mixes may be preferable for those employees on a low-sodium diet.

2. Provide cooling devices to aid natural body ventilation. These devices, however, add weight, and

their use should be balanced against worker efficiency. 3. Wear long cotton underwear, which acts as a wick to help absorb moisture and protect the skin

from direct contact with heat-absorbing protective clothing. 4. Install mobile showers and/or hose-down facilities to reduce body temperature and cool

protective clothing. 5. In extremely hot weather, conduct non-emergency response operations in the early morning or

evening.

29

6. Ensure that adequate shelter is available to protect personnel against sun, heat, or other adverse weather conditions that decrease physical efficiency and increase the probability of accidents.

7. In hot weather, rotate workers wearing protective clothing. 8. Maintain good hygiene, frequently changing clothing and showering daily. Clothing should be

permitted to dry during rest periods. Workers who notice skin problems should immediately consult medical personnel.

5.5.2. Cold Exposure

Persons working outdoors in temperatures at or below freezing may suffer from cold exposure.

During prolonged outdoor periods with inadequate clothing for protection, the effects of cold exposure may occur even at temperatures well above freezing. Cold exposure may cause severe injury due to freezing of exposed body surfaces (frostbite), or profound generalized cooling (hypothermia), possibly resulting in death. Areas of the body which have high surface area-to-volume ratios such as fingers, toes, and ears are the most susceptible to frostbite.

Local injury resulting from cold is included in the generic term frostbite. There are several degrees of

damage. Frostbite of the extremities can be categorized into: • Frost nip or incident frostbite: characterized by sudden blanching or whitening of skin. • Superficial frostbite: skin has a waxy or white appearance and is firm to the touch, but tissue

beneath is resilient. • Deep frostbite: tissues are cold, pale, and solid; extremely serious injury. Systemic hypothermia, or lowering of the core body temperature, is caused by exposure to freezing or

rapidly dropping temperatures. Symptoms are usually exhibited in five stages: 1) shivering and loss of coordination; 2) apathy, listlessness, sleepiness, and (sometimes) rapid cooling of the body to less than 95ºF (35ºC); 3) unconsciousness, glassy stare, slow pulse, and slow respiratory rate; 4) freezing the extremities; and 5) death.

5.6. DECONTAMINATION Decontamination of personnel shall be conducted only in the unexpected event that contamination is

detected. Decontamination efforts shall be carried out in accordance with Radiological Protection Procedures available at http://sbms.ornl.gov/sbms/sbmsearch/subjarea/rwperwk.pro10.cfm. At a minimum, personnel who have conducted work at the site will wash their hands prior to eating or drinking. RCT personnel shall supervise, assist, and document incidents involving personnel contamination.

If contamination is detected on the drilling equipment, ESD decontamination equipment such as a

steam cleaner, pressure washer, water reservoir tank, wastewater transfer system and receiving tank is available.

Radiological decontamination efforts shall be conducted with the guidance of Radiological Protection

Operations personnel. A RCT may be reached at telephone (865)576-1408 and/or the LSS at 574-6606.

30

5.7. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS/RESPONSE Personnel will not be in residence at the ORFRC and therefore, a formal emergency response plan is

not appropriate. The site is in close proximity to several occupied buildings at the Y-12 Plant. In the event of an area evacuation, personnel will muster at Y-12 Assembly Point 21, just east of ORFRC Bldg. 9983-FY. The Y-12 emergency response organization will be contacted for response to all emergencies at the project site. Emergency medical treatment and first aid is immediately available at Y-12. All emergency services can be reached by dialing 911 from any plant telephone. Access to phones and/or radios will be provided to onsite personnel. The Y-12 Plant Shift Supervisor will coordinate all emergency response operations.

Should evacuation from the site become necessary, the evacuation route to the closest hospital in the

City of Oak Ridge is shown in Fig. 1.1. Emergency telephone numbers are given below. For a complete listing of individuals and organizations important to operation of the ORFRC, refer to the Management Plan.

Emergency Telephone Numbers Y-12 Plant Shift Supervisor (865) 574-7172

or 911 from any plant telephone Y-12 Medical Services (865) 574-1583 (Building 9706-2) or 911 from any plant telephone

ORNL Laboratory Shift Superintendent (865) 574-6606 ORNL Medical Services (865) 574-7431 (Building 4500N, Rm. K-125) ORFRC Manager (865) 241-4749 Radiation Protection Specialist (865) 576-1408 (865) 873-6370 pager ESH&Q Assurance Specialist (865) 241-3957 SSHO (865) 574-7824

31

6. TRAINING/MEDICAL REQUIREMENTS

6.1. SITE-SPECIFIC HAZARD COMMUNICATION AND ACCESS BRIEFING Since different training requirements may be needed based on the nature of different tasks to be

performed, specific training requirements (e.g., Radworker II, Respirator) will be identified in the project- specific RSS requirement lists. However, generally applicable training requirements for work at the ORFRC are presented here.

Guests not entering any exclusion zone or contamination reduction zone who have very limited

potential for exposure to contaminants require: • Site-specific hazard communication and access briefing All project personnel performing hands-on work that could potentially expose them to hazardous

substances, safety, or health hazards will meet the following training requirements: • Completion of General Employee Training for ORR Site Access and Environmental

Management System Awareness Training • Completion of 40-hour HAZWOPER (SARA/OSHA) training, or equivalent (Note: for certain

types of low risk work, 24-hour training is acceptable). Annual refresher training must be kept current.

• Received site-specific hazard communication and access briefing

• Completion of Storm Water Pollution Prevention training

• Listed as a participant on and completed reading of the authorized ORFRC Research Safety

Summary (and any relevant project-specific RSS, if applicable)

• Completed reading of the HASP

• Staff who plan to transport chemicals, including gas cylinders, must have Materials of Trade Awareness training and follow DOT guidelines

• Staff who plan to transport contaminated samples from the field to ESD must follow the

guidelines detailed in the authorized version of RSS # 824

In addition, the Site Safety and Health Officer is required to have:

• 8-hour HAZWOPER Supervisor training

Personnel involved in service or maintenance work on energized equipment require:

• Lockout/Tagout training

32

Prior to beginning work at the project site, all personnel will review this Health and Safety Plan and sign the training acknowledgment form (Appendix D). The site-specific hazard communication and access briefing is documented on sign-in sheets which are maintained by the Division training coordinator. The required reading of the authorized RSS # 824 will be conducted and documented online by the participant, when possible, or by notifying the SSHO that a hard copy has been read. If site conditions change or other hazards are detected, the training and access requirements will be revised accordingly. For example, if radiological contamination is detected, only those who are current in Radworker II training may perform hands-on work in the contaminated area. Additional training may be required in the event that new instruments or equipment (e.g., portable XRF analyzer; explosimeter) are to be used at the ORFRC. Requirements for new training will be on a case by case basis after a review of the potential hazards associated with the use of the new instrument or equipment and the complexity of usage.

6.2. MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE A medical surveillance program will be conducted in accordance with the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.120 for:

• All employees who are or may be exposed to hazardous substances or health hazards at or above the established permissible exposure limits or, if there is no permissible exposure limit, above the published exposure levels for these substances, without regard to the use of respirators, for 30 days or more a year

• All employees who wear a respirator for 30 days or more a year or as required by 29 CFR

1910.134

• All employees who are injured, become ill or develop signs or symptoms due to possible overexposure involving hazardous substances or health hazards from an emergency response or hazardous waste operation

• Members of HAZMAT teams

All ORNL employees receive periodic medical examinations. Because of the low potential for

exposure to hazardous agents, it is not expected that additional medical surveillance will be required for ORNL personnel at the ORFRC. Non-ORNL personnel will be required to acknowledge coverage by a medical surveillance program sufficient to satisfy the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.120 (Appendix C).

Appendix A

DATA TABLES

1

Table A-1. Results of chemical analysis of wastes, soils, groundwater, and surface water at the S-3 Ponds Site FA Wastes

Soilsa

Groundwaterb

Surface Waterc

Analyted

S-3 sludges

Results >

detection limit

Maximum detect

Average result

SRC ?

Freq. of wells w. detects

Max detect

Mean of the medianse

SRC ?

Freq. of detect

Avg.f resultBCK 12.46

Avg.f result NT-1

SRC ?

Inorganics (water - mg/L, soils - mg/kg) Aluminum

22134

40/ 40

29000

15600

23/ 23

800

81.05

Y

70/ 82

0.506

0.56

Antimony

2/ 2

0.34

0.3

0/ 20

.

0.025

Arsenic

1.12

40/ 40

20.5

3.5

1/ 9

0.009

0.003

Barium

133.5

40/ 40

712

145

Y

24/ 24

380

19.137

Y

77/ 78

0.092

0.554

Y

Beryllium

2.74

36/ 40

1.8

1.0

11/ 22

0.11

0.0119

Y

3/ 78

0.0000

0.0002

Boron

27.64

NA

24/ 24

4.40

0.29

Y

78/ 78

0.086

0.073

Y

Cadmium

4.9

2/ 40

2

0.2

10/ 25

4

0.174

Y

3/ 4

0.015

Y

Calcium

42215.6

39/ 39

318000

26700

26/ 26

10,000

1,665.6

78/ 78

164.5

228.3

Chromium

133.2

40/ 40

69.6

30.8

13/ 25

0.31

0.017

Y

Cobalt

3.47

40/ 40

31.1

16.6

11/ 23

2.3

0.268

Y

5/ 78

0.001

0.007

Copper

92.45

38/ 40

50.8

22.3

Y

20/ 21

3.1

0.278

Y

4/ 78

0.005

0.002

Cyanide

5.95

4/ 40

7.8

0.6

Y

0/

.

.

6/ 72

0.001

Y

Iron

3647

40/ 40

48300

25600

23/ 23

28

3.59

46/ 78

0.743

0.233

Lead

35.79

40/ 40

82.3

15.5

Y

21/ 26

0.66

0.0106

Y

1/ 4

0.003

Lithium

75.68

7/ 7

3.5

0.88

Y

33/ 72

0.015

Magnesium

1941.32

40/ 40

60400

6930

26/ 26

2,500

263.3

78/ 78

23.4

29.8

Manganese

99.67

40/ 40

2000

707

24/ 24

220

24.162

Y

78/ 78

0.046

3.0

Mercury

2.28

26/ 39

82.9

7.8

Y

15/ 26

0.1100

0.0042

Y

18/ 72

0.0000

Molybdenum

15.2

1/ 40

3.7

0.5

3/ 19

0.023

0.006

Nickel

550.32

40/ 40

128

29.6

Y

22/ 24

20

2.07

Y

5/ 78

0.005

0.068

Y

Niobium

20.87

4/ 5

0.10

0.027

Y

Phosphorous

952.9

41/ 72

0.058

Y

Potassium

1625.6

40/ 40

3990

2120

26/ 26

200

30.95

78/ 78

5.126

4.5

2

Wastes

Soilsa

Groundwaterb

Surface Waterc

Analyted

S-3 sludges

Results >

detection limit

Maximum detect

Average result

SRC ?


Max detect


SRC ?

Freq. of detect


Avg.f result NT-1

SRC ?

Selenium 0.77 2/ 40 0.66 0.31 3/ 10 0.014 0.003 1/ 72 0.001 Silicon

24/ 24

39

9.99

Silver

1.87

26/ 40

4.3

1.8

0/ 6

.

.

Sodium

2722.2

32/ 40

313

117

26/ 26

3,200

357.6

78/ 78

57.04

29.5

Strontium

35.49

22/ 22

340

17.93

Y

78/ 78

0.42

0.692

Y

Thallium

0.33

2/ 40

0.75

0.22

1/ 8

0.01

0.005

2/ 72

0.001

Thorium

195.1

1/ 20

0.28

0.109

2/ 72

0.006

Tin

1.57

3/ 40

7.7

1.7

3/ 6

0.018

0.01

Titanium

398.6

7/ 7

0.85

0.237

Y

3/ 72

0.009

Total uranium (fluorometric)

991.71

22/ 26

44

2.90

Y

78/ 78

0.621

0.075

Y

Vanadium

7.1

40/ 40

91.9

24.4

Y

5/ 20

0.036

0.004

Y

1/ 72

0.003

Zinc

58.27

40/ 40

163

50.1

Y

24/ 24

20

0.497

Y

30/ 78

0.013

0.014

Zirconium

478.4

3/ 4

0.051

0.018

1/ 71

0.002

Common Anions (water - mg/L, soils - mg/kg)

Ammonia nitrogen

2/ 4

4.8

1.19

Chloride

26/ 26

1,341

106.2

Y

6/ 6

27.4

Y

Fluoride

23/ 25

110

1.32

Y

6/ 6

1.0

Y

Kjeldahl nitrogen

460

4/ 4

1.8

0.73

Nitrate - N

1130

19/ 26

13,400

1,659.

Y

77/ 77

38.83

166.6

Y

Nitrite

1/ 4

6.7

20.2

Sulfate

220

23/ 23

2,204

204.7

Y

6/ 6

46.8

Y

Organics (water - mg/L, soils - mg/kg)

Endrin aldehyde

1/ 13

5.4

2.3

Y

Methoxychlor

1/ 13

5.9

9.8

Y

PCB-1248

5666.8

4/ 39

3300

108

Y

3

Wastes

Soilsa

Groundwaterb

Surface Waterc

Analyted

S-3 sludges

Results >

detection limit

Maximum detect

Average result

SRC ?


Max detect


SRC ?

Freq. of detect


Avg.f result NT-1

SRC ?

PCB-1254 15/ 39 370 59 Y PCB-1260

6/ 39

280

38.2

Y

1,1,1-Trichloroethane

9/ 27

28

3.8

Y


75.37

1/ 26

1

2.5

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane

383.5

1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane

4.35

1,1-Dichloroethene

3/ 26

5

2.5

1,2-Dichloroethane

1/ 26

4

2.5

1,2-Dichloroethene

3/ 25

100

5.0

Y

2-Butoxyethanol

2289.6

2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)-Ethanol

1908.0

2,4-Dinitrophenol

1/ 3

77

20.8

Y

2-Butanone

9/ 26

32

5.0

Y

2-Chloroethylvinyl ether

1/ 10

4

5

2-Hexanone

2/ 39

17

6.5

Y

3/ 26

4

5

2-Hexanol

295.7

2-Nitrophenol

1/ 3

71

20.3

Y

3-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-Phenol

6038.8

4-Methyl-2-pentanone

5/ 40

28

6.4

Y

1/ 27

97

8.4

4-Nitrophenol

1/ 3

120

30.3

Y

Acetone

22.95

17/ 32

4200

275

Y

19/ 27

6,000

51.8

Y

1/ 5

5

Y

Benzene

4/ 26

3

2.5

Y

Benzenemethanol

1/ 3

2

4.2

Benzoic acid

2/ 3

58

25.0

Y

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate

2/ 3

32

6.3

Y

4

Wastes

Soilsa

Groundwaterb

Surface Waterc

Analyted

S-3 sludges

Results >

detection limit

Maximum detect

Average result

SRC ?


Max detect


SRC ?

Freq. of detect


Avg.f result NT-1

SRC ?

Bromodichloromethane 2/ 26 3 2.5 Bromoform

1/ 26

2

2.5

Butylbenzylphthalate

2/ 3

1

3.3

Carbon disulfide

5/ 26

2

2.5

Carbon tetrachloride

1/ 26

0.7

2.5

Chlorobenzene

2/ 26

3

2.5

Chloroform

14/ 27

69

7.0

Y

Chloromethane

1/ 26

10

5

Dibromochloromethane

1/ 26

1

2.5

Diethylphthalate

522.8

Di-n-butylphthalate

1/ 3

2

4.2

Di-n-octylphthalate

2/ 3

3

3.5

Dimethylbenzene

5/ 26

16

2.5

Y

Ethylbenzene

3/ 26

4

2.5

Methylene chloride

0.49

17/ 32

4200

275

Y

19/ 27

560

17.3

Y

Naphthalene

1/ 3

1

3.7

Phenols (mg/L or mg/kg)

7345.8

2/ 7

0.002

0.003

Y

54/ 72

0.0018

Y

Tetrachloroethene

793.0

10/ 40

24

3.9

Y

12/ 27

9,000

269.9

Y

6/ 6

3

Y

Toluene

0.27

19/ 39

120

9.9

Y

11/ 27

35

3.2

Y

trans-1,2-Dichloroethene

2/ 13

2

2.8

Trichloroethene

0.28

6/ 27

16

2.9

Y

Trichlorofluoromethane

0.38

Vinyl acetate

1/ 26

1

5

Radioactivity (water - pCi/L, soils pCi/g)

Alpha activity

925.1

22/ 40

92

10.9

14/ 18

24,400

615.7

Y

75/ 78

270.5

26.3

Y

Americium-241

0.01

3/ 40

0.12

0.01

Y

1/ 4

38

7.5

Y

5

Wastes

Soilsa

Groundwaterb

Surface Waterc

Analyted

S-3 sludges

Results >

detection limit

Maximum detect

Average result

SRC ?


Max detect


SRC ?

Freq. of detect


Avg.f result NT-1

SRC ? Beta activity

1903.2

27/ 40

180

21.6

17/ 18

75,000

2,620.8

Y

78/ 78

164.1

226.7

Y

Cesium-137

4.8

2/ 4

9.7

5.3

Y

Neptunium-237

9.9

9/ 40

0.27

0.03

1/ 4

1,090

106.3

Y

Plutonium-238

25.3

2/ 40

0.36

0.02

Y

./ 3

.

.

Plutonium-239/240

2.5

1/ 38

0.015

0.005

./ 4

.

.

Total Radium

1/ 1

35.14

35.14

Y

Ruthenium-106

33.3

Strontium-90

12.9

3/ 4

254

194

Y

Technetium-99

7520.3

4/ 40

36

2.82

Y

3/ 4

80,400

17,538

Y

2/ 2h

206h

Yh

Thorium-228

267.3

34/ 40

3.5

0.8

1/ 4

3.2

1.0

Y

1/ 1i

0.1030i

Yi

Thorium-230

544.1

35/ 40

3.4

0.7

Y

2/ 4

0.59

0.36

Y

Thorium-232

87.5

32/ 40

3.6

0.6

./ 3

.

.

Tritium

9/ 12

5406

1245

Y

Uranium-233/234

124.1

40/ 40

17

2.1

Y

3/ 4

4,650

660

Y

1/ 1i

52.8i

Yi

Uranium-235

8.1

22/ 40

0.99

0.12

Y

2/ 4

547

68.8

Y

1/ 1i

4.7i

Yi

Uranium-238

332.3

40/ 40

43

4.6

Y

3/ 4

13,600

1,601

Y

1/ 1i

127.0i

Yi

a Soil data are combined results for shallow and deep intervals for both soil aggregates at the S-3 site. b Groundwater data are the results for the S-3 site groundwater aggregate. c Surface water data are the results for the BCK 12.46 NT-1 aggregate. d Analytes detected at least once are summarized. Results reflect data validation and data usability screens. e The mean of the medians is the arithmetic mean of the median concentration of an analyte for each well. In calculating the mean of the medians, it was assumed that non-detects

are equal to one-half the detection limit for chemicals. Radionuclide data qualified as non-detect based on comparison to minimal detectable activities or counting errors are set equal to the reported value.

f 99Tc is not an SRC in the Bear Creek BCK 12.46 and NT-1 surface water aggregates; however this analyte is an SRC in the NT-2 surface water aggregate and is only excluded from the NT-1 and BCK 12.46 aggregates because of poor data quality (no MDAs).

g These radionuclides are not SRCs in the Bear Creek BCK 12.46 and NT-1 surface water aggregates; however they are SRCs in the BCK 12.71 surface water sample and are only excluded from the NT-1 and BCK 12.46 aggregates because of poor data quality (no MDAs).

6

SRC—site-related contaminant

Table A-2. Results of chemical analysis of groundwater in the Maynardville Limestone and Bear Creek FA and of surface water at SS-4, SS-5, and BCK 9.47

Groundwater

SS-4a

SS-5a

Bear Creek at BCK 9.47a

Analyteb


Max detect

Mean of

the mediansc

SRC?

Freq. of detect

Max detect

Avg.c result

SRC?

Freq. of detect

Max detect

Avg.c result

SRC?

Freq. of detect

Max detect

Avg.c result

SRC?

Inorganics (mg/L) Aluminum

78/ 78

68

0.3

19/ 27

2.98

0.34

17/ 27

0.813

0.098

26/ 35

29.8

1.68

Y

Antimony

1/ 78

0.13

0.027

1/ 13

0.0028

0.001

1/ 13

0.003

0.001

4/ 22

0.003

0.001

Arsenic

1/ 17

0.005

0.0025

5/ 22

0.023

0.003

Barium

78/ 78

10

0.23

27/ 27

0.24

0.15

27/ 27

0.12

0.083

33/ 35

0.204

0.099

Beryllium

40/ 78

0.0039

0.0002

1/ 27

0.0003

0.0002

1/ 35

0.0015

0.0002

Boron

78/ 78

3

0.16

Y

14/ 14

0.26

0.11

Y

13/ 14

0.18

0.075

Y

13/ 13

4.1

0.80

Y

Cadmium

21/ 82

1.0200

0.008

Calcium

82/ 82

880

119.52

27/ 27

140

100.2

27/ 27

87

62.73

35/ 35

101

64.67

Chromium

39/ 82

0.71

0.007

1/ 11

0.01

0.006

Cobalt

17/ 78

0.140

0.003

3/ 35

0.014

0.002

Copper

70/ 78

0.19

0.005

Y

4/ 27

0.007

0.002

2/ 27

0.007

0.002

1/ 35

0.005

0.003

Iron

78/ 78

170

1.82

23/ 27

3.72

0.46

20/ 26

1.13

0.111

34/ 35

38

2.39

Lead

61/ 82

0.23

0.0046

Y

1/ 12

0.005

0.002

1/ 12

0.012

0.003

Lithium

5/ 6

0.085

0.029

Y

7/ 7

0.036

0.029

7/ 7

0.014

0.010

7/ 7

0.091

0.060

Y

Magnesium

82/ 82

250

28.58

27/ 27

26

20.27

27/ 27

20

15.34

35/ 35

18.1

11.44

8

Groundwater

SS-4a

SS-5a


Analyteb


Max detect

Mean of

the mediansc

SRC?

Freq. of detect

Max detect

Avg.c result

SRC?

Freq. of detect

Max detect

Avg.c result

SRC?

Freq. of detect

Max detect

Avg.c result

SRC? Manganese

78/ 78

16

0.37

Y

26/ 27

0.809

0.14

Y

21/ 27

0.048

0.007

34/ 35

0.708

0.126

Mercury

11/ 79

0.0019

0.0001

3/ 24

0.0002

0.0001

3/ 32

0.0002

0.0001

Molybdenum

6/ 78

3.5

0.0052

Nickel

57/ 78

0.23

0.0087

3/ 27

0.022

0.005

1/ 27

0.01

0.004

6/ 35

0.021

0.005

Y

Niobium

3/ 6

0.029

0.0073

Potassium

82/ 82

44

4.0

26/ 27

5.4

3.0

26/ 27

3.2

1.767

35/ 35

12.2

4.16

Selenium

2/ 20

0.005

0.0025

1/ 22

0.003

0.001

Silicon

63/ 63

18

5.12

3/ 3

4.1

3.9

3/ 3

3.6

3.5

3/ 3

3.7

3.5

Silver

0/ 19

0

0.005

1/ 27

0.007

0.003

Sodium

82/ 82

1,300

33.4

27/ 27

25

15.79

27/ 27

14

7.8

34/ 35

17.1

9.5

Strontium

77/ 77

23

0.91

Y

14/ 14

0.42

0.23

Y

14/ 14

0.2

0.11

Y

13/ 13

0.22

0.16

Y

Thallium

0/ 15

0

0.005

Thorium

0/ 78

0

0.105

Tin

0/ 1

0

0.005

Titanium

5/ 6

0.052

0.0183

Total uranium (fluorometric)

71/ 82

0.30

0.0092

Y

14/ 14

0.285

0.136

Y

14/ 14

0.117

0.058

Y

13/ 13

0.152

0.103

Y

Vanadium

20/ 78

0.13

0.0026

1/ 27

0.004

0.002

1/ 27

0.0037

0.0019

6/ 35

0.058

0.005

Y

9

Groundwater

SS-4a

SS-5a


Analyteb


Max detect

Mean of

the mediansc

SRC?

Freq. of detect

Max detect

Avg.c result

SRC?

Freq. of detect

Max detect

Avg.c result

SRC?

Freq. of detect

Max detect

Avg.c result

SRC?

Zinc 78/ 78 5.1 0.0452 Y 12/ 27 0.02 0.006 13/ 27 0.02 0.005 19/ 35 0.223 0.018 Y Zirconium

2/ 6

0.0081

0.003

Common Anions (mg/L)

Ammonia nitrogen

1/ 4

2.9

0.1

Chloride

81/ 82

2,180

49.4

Y

26/ 26

41.5

25.91

Y

26/ 26

23.9

13.5

Y

34/ 34

34.4

17.1

Y

Fluoride

70/ 80

1.9

0.234

26/ 27

0.6

0.362

Y

24/ 27

0.44

0.205

35/ 35

0.4

0.26

Y

Kjeldahl nitrogen

3/ 4

4.9

1.4

Nitrate

64/ 82

918

29.5

Y

26/ 27

67.6

31.58

Y

26/ 27

27

11.04

Y

35/ 35

46.2

14.47

Y

Nitrite

0/ 4

0

1.625

Sulfate

82/ 82

2,833

95.9

26/ 27

45

27.7

Y

27/ 27

29

16.75

Y

33/ 35

29.6

21.24

Organics (µg/L)


25/ 83

43

2.7

Y

2/ 27

1

2.5

Y

1/ 35

0.4

2.5

1,1-Dichloroethane

16/ 83

21

2.8

Y

3/ 35

2

2.5

Y

1,1-Dichloroethene

18/ 83

36

2.7

Y

3/ 27

3

2.6

Y

1,2-Dichloroethane

4/ 83

2

2.5

7/ 35

20

5.1

Y

1,2-Dichloroethene

44/ 83

140

5.7

Y

21/ 27

21

7.7

Y

8/ 27

2

2.3

Y

34/ 35

28

7.1

Y

2-Butanone

15/ 83

16

5.1

2/ 35

24

4.2

Y

10

Groundwater

SS-4a

SS-5a


Analyteb


Max detect

Mean of

the mediansc

SRC?

Freq. of detect

Max detect

Avg.c result

SRC?

Freq. of detect

Max detect

Avg.c result

SRC?

Freq. of detect

Max detect

Avg.c result

SRC?

2-Hexanone 5/ 83 5 5.1 4-Methyl-2-pentanone

9/ 83

8

5.1

1/ 27

4

3.3

1/ 35

86

5.4

Acetone

44/ 83

180

5.1

Y

2/ 27

6

3.6

Y

6/ 35

23

6.7

Y

Benzene

17/ 83

10

2.5

Bromodichloromethane

1/ 83

4

2.5

Bromoform

2/ 83

1

2.5

Carbon tetrachloride

25/ 83

9

2.6

Y

Carbon disulfide

6/ 83

2

2.5

1/ 27

2

2.6

1/ 27

1

2.5

Chlorobenzene

4/ 83

8

2.5

Chloroethane

5/ 83

8

5.1

Chloromethane

6/ 35

7

3.9

Y

Chloroform

34/ 83

11

2.5

Y

Dimethylbenzene

4/ 83

8

2.5

Ethylbenzene

7/ 83

2

2.5

Methylene chloride

32/ 83

23

2.5

Y

2/ 27

4

2.7

Y

3/ 35

4

2.4

Y

Phenols

4/ 21

0.006

0.008

Styrene

3/ 83

1

2.5

Tetrachloroethene

35/ 83

55

3.1

Y

14/ 35

4

2.1

Y

11

Groundwater

SS-4a

SS-5a


Analyteb


Max detect

Mean of

the mediansc

SRC?

Freq. of detect

Max detect

Avg.c result

SRC?

Freq. of detect

Max detect

Avg.c result

SRC?

Freq. of detect

Max detect

Avg.c result

SRC? Toluene

19/ 83

1

2.5

1/ 35

1

2.5

Trichloroethene

57/ 83

460

21.9

Y

26/ 27

23

8.8

Y

6/ 27

2

2.4

Y

7/ 35

2

2.2

Y

Trans-1,2-Dichloroethene

5/ 16

86

7.8

Y

Vinyl acetate

15/ 83

10

5.1

Vinyl Chloride

4/ 83

35

5.3

Radioactivity (pCi/L)

Alpha activity

43/ 73

108

4.69

Y

27/ 27

130

52.94

Y

22/ 27

75.8

29.35

Y

32/ 32

138

54.64

Y

Beta activity

53/ 73

197

16.7

Y

26/ 26

143

82.29

Y

24/ 26

81.75

37.83

Y

34/ 34

119.8

59.62

Y

Cesium-137

3/ 7

8.8

4.3

Radium-228

2/ 7

7.8

1.46

Technetium-99

3/ 8

39

9.38

2/ 3

220

136.6

Y

1/ 7

110

43.86

Y

Thorium-228

2/ 8

0.92

0.24

1/ 3

0.13

0.05

Y

Thorium-230

6/ 8

0.65

0.35

1/ 3

0.11

0.6

Y

1/3

0.21

0.14

Y

1/ 3

0.2

0.1

Y

Uranium-234

5/ 8

22

4.06

13/ 13

37.3

27.26

Y

13/ 13

26.6

13.97

Y

21/ 21

29.2

18.74

Y

Uranium-235

1/ 7

0.89

0.16

10/ 13

3.62

1.57

Y

3/ 13

2.98

0.84

Y

6/ 21

1.69

0.9

Y

Uranium-238

4/ 8

42

7.24

13/ 13

82.6

57.59

Y

13/ 13

58.4

26.71

Y

21/ 21

64.5

40.29

Y

Groundwater data are the results for the SS-4, SS-5, and BC at BCK 9.47. These data are presented in Table D.112, D.114, and D.106 in Appendix D. Analytes detected at least once are summarized. Results reflect data validation and data usability screens. The mean of the medians is the arithmetic mean of the median concentration of an analyte for each well. In

12

calculating the mean of the medians it was assumed that non-detects are equal to one-half the detection limit for chemicals. Radionuclide data qualified as non-detect based on comparison to minimal detectable activities or counting errors are set equal to the reported value.

APPENDIX B

SPALDING / WATSON MEMO DATED DECEMBER 16, 2005

December 16, 2005 (10:00 AM) (prepared by Brian Spalding and David B. Watson) Background on Finding of High Hydrogen Gas in Groundwater Near the S3 Pond Facility on December

12, 2005

Beginning in early October, 2005, as part of the site characterization work being conducted at the DOE Environmental Research and Sciences Division (ERSD) Field Research Center (FRC) Brian Spalding and David Watson initiated a noble gas tracer study within a group of deep groundwater wells approximately 70 feet west of the former S3 ponds (now functioning as an asphalt parking lot). On October 8, we started injecting helium/neon gas in one well (FW106, see figure 1) and started a sequence of groundwater samplings in six other nearby wells to observe the concentrations and arrival times of the helium/neon tracers; such information will be used to calculate the velocity, direction, and controls on groundwater and its major contaminants (mostly residual uranium, nitrate, and technetium) from the former S3 pond disposal area. Our methods for “sampling” these inert and innocuous gaseous tracers does not involve pumping water from the wells. Rather, we lower a small volume of air (about 1 milliliter) within a 2-inch long section of gas-permeable tubing, connected to a gas-tight syringe, into the deep screened intervals of the monitoring wells. We allow this passive gas sampler to come to equilibrium with the groundwater which requires between 24 to 48 hours to reach stable gas concentrations. We then remove the syringes from the wells, close their valves, and transport these gas samples to the laboratory where they are analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). Our GC has two detectors. The first is a thermal conductivity detector (TCD) which we use to detect helium and neon and oxygen in the gas samples. The second is a reductive gas detector (RGD) which is extremely sensitive to reductive gases like hydrogen, carbon monoxide, or acetylene. This GC, with its hydrogen specific RGD, was procured earlier this year to support DOE research investigations at the FRC where hydrogen was thought to be an important microbial metabolite. Thus, our analytical method for helium and neon using this GC also provided us with analytical information on dissolved hydrogen gas concentrations in all samples as part of the analyses.

In our early samples from the tracer study wells, we noticed large hydrogen peaks with RGD in most of the chromatograms. These peaks were so large that they were out of range of our highest hydrogen gas standard (0.01% [100 ppm]) during these initial sampling intervals. Our initial gas standard was selected based on expected hydrogen gas concentrations published in the scientific literature by other researchers studying microbial processes in groundwater. Moreover, our GC hydrogen peaks not only overwhelmed the sensitive RGD signal but also appeared on the poorly sensitive TCD signal. We then procured a higher hydrogen gas standard (1% [10,000 ppm] hydrogen) to quantify the large peaks which were appearing on the TCD chromatograms. With our calibration of TC detector to hydrogen gas over the range of concentrations and amounts of hydrogen, we were now able to quantify accurately the higher than expected concentrations of hydrogen in our samples. We found several wells yielding gas phase hydrogen concentrations in groundwater approaching 3%. Such hydrogen gas concentrations are extremely unusual for groundwater based on published environmental studies. Such hydrogen gas concentrations seemed extremely unusual for any microbial process in any groundwater contamination situation to our limited knowledge. We speculated on other mechanisms for hydrogen gas generation such as chemical reactions (e.g., groundwater plus iron metal powders are known to generated hydrogen gas when in contact with water) and radiolysis (e.g., where alpha-emitting radionuclides like uranium or thorium generate hydrogen gas such as observed at the well-studied high-level waste underground storage tanks at DOE’s Hanford and Savannah River sites).

We then began a survey of several additional FRC characterization wells around the S3 ponds in an attempt to define the apparent hydrogen gas groundwater plume beyond the immediate area of our tracer wells (see figure 1). We “sampled” the gas in a series of seven wells, running north-south along a line just west of the S3 ponds as well as another series of seven wells running east and west of the S3 ponds. These surveys were carried out in November and again in December (last sampling was December 12) with the goal to define the limits of this plume of dissolved hydrogen gas. During the last round of sampling one well

(FW010) in the series along a north-south line just to the west of the S3 ponds yielded hydrogen gas samples (we routinely deploy two gas samplers per well) averaging 10.6% (106,000 ppm) hydrogen gas (see Table).

Hydrogen in Groundwater Gas West of S3 Ponds11/11/2005 12/12/2005

Average Hydrogen Average HydrogenWell (ppmv ± Std Dev) (ppmv ± Std Dev)FW007 203.1 ± 53.5 NDFW008 75.7 ± 25.5 9.0 ± 9.5FW009 31.2 ± 39.5 216.4 ± 258.6FW010 2500.2 ± 782.2 106032.0 ± 11671.7FW025 7.7 ± 8.2 1.2 ± 1.8FW023 7.1 ± 10.0 NDFW112 28462.6 ± 157.7 30190.8 ± 1184.1

The standard deviation (Std Dev) is a measure of the reproducibility between the two samplers from each

well. The samples from well FW010, taken a month previous, were much lower (about 2,500 ppm). We realized immediately that such a high concentration of hydrogen gas (10.6%) exceeded the published flammable concentration (4%) available to us from our Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). This observation jolted us out of our “research” mode into a “safety concern” mode. When Brian Spalding was reviewing these analytical results on Wednesday morning, December 14, the actual calculation of hydrogen gas concentration was performed on the raw GC analytical data and he initiated notification of David Watson, the FRC site manager, of this high hydrogen gas concentration. Later that day, this information was forwarded to DOE, BWXT, and BJC facility managers without editing. We decided to notify first and think through the potential implications and assessments later. We placed additional gas samplers in well FW010 later Wednesday afternoon to repeat these measurements; retrieval of these samplers is planned for Friday morning with analyses to be completed by the end of the day. The safety hazard posed by such a flammable hydrogen gas concentration underground depends on many things including the volume and amount of hydrogen gas contained underground. Gas seeping out the ground surface should quickly mix with ambient air at the surface to a non-flammable non-explosive concentration of hydrogen. However, to confirm this David Watson has recommended to both the BWXT and BJC site operators that an onsite above ground survey be conducted using an appropriate hydrogen meter. The underground hazards are much more difficult to assess. We have no direct measurements of hydrogen gas concentrations in the gas phase above the water table either around or within the former S3 ponds area. Practically all of the FRC’s many groundwater wells are only open (screened) within the depth interval of groundwater and, thus, are not able to access the soil atmosphere above the water table but below ground surface (i.e. the unsaturated zone). A soil gas survey would have to be conducted to assess the concentration of hydrogen in the unsaturated zone. Our measurements to date only look at the dissolved gas phase in groundwater. This is the concentration of hydrogen which outgases from the groundwater if there is any volume of gas phase to which it can “outgas.” When we remove groundwater from a well, any hydrogen gas in the water does outgas to the atmosphere rather quickly, much like carbon dioxide from a carbonated soft drink. We have no direct measurements of the hydrogen gas actually in the unsaturated soil zone above the water table and have no presently available access to this depth zone. Whether these high hydrogen gas concentrations are “outgassing” into the unsaturated zone below the S3 ponds and are being trapped under the dome formed by its multi-layer cap/barrier, we do not know. There is no gas or groundwater sampling wells in any of the capped areas of the S3 ponds. What we know now is that there is a plume of high dissolved hydrogen gas in the groundwater immediately west of the S3 ponds. Presumably this hydrogen gas originates primarily directly beneath the former S3 ponds, which contains the majority of its uranium and thorium inventory, probably by radiolytic processes. We do not know how much of this hydrogen is outgassing under the S3 ponds cover and how much is being pushed out into the surrounding uncovered area where we find it in

the groundwater. We only know that hydrogen gas concentrations calculated from a set of duplicate samples from one sampling event in one groundwater well were above a flammable limit. If this finding is representative of a large volume of underground gas, we have a significant safety hazard to address. If this finding is representative of only a small volume of gas phase, then we have only a curious research finding and no safety concerns to address. Unfortunately, we do not know which situation is presently posed by the conditions and configuration of the S3 ponds and surrounding area. We recognize that our measurements have crossed the threshold from research into new site conditions and now require an assessment of the safety basis of this inactive waste site. We are prepared to share all information which we have with the site’s facility managers at their earliest convenience.

APPENDIX C

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

MSDS Sheets Available at http://hmweb.ctd.ornl.gov/msds/msds_home.htm

APPENDIX D

HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN ACCEPTANCE AND TRAINING ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Instructions: This form is to be completed by each person that conducts work at the ERSP Oak Ridge Field Research Center field sites and returned to the Site Safety and Health Officer.

I have read and agree to abide by the contents of the SITE-SPECIFIC HEALTH AND SAFETY

PLAN for work activities at the ERSP Oak Ridge Field Research Center. I have completed the training requirements specified in the plan. I am currently participating in a medical surveillance program that satisfies the requirements of CFR 1910.120.

Signature / Badge #: Date: __________________________________ _______________

__________________________________ _______________

__________________________________ _______________

__________________________________ _______________

__________________________________ _______________

__________________________________ _______________

__________________________________ _______________

__________________________________ _______________

__________________________________ _______________

Return to: ORFRC Site Safety and Health Officer (Bldg. 1505, Room 208) or ORFRC Field Manager (Bldg. 1505, Room 302) P.O. Box 2008, MS 6038 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6038

APPENDIX E

HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN CHANGE FORM


DATE: ______________________ Change for Original HASP Number: _________________ PROJECT: __________________________________________________________________ INITIATOR OF CHANGE FORM: ________________________________________________ TASK OR HAZARD THAT INITIATED FIELD CHANGE: _______________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ PROJECT MANAGER NAME(s) / PHONE NUMBERS: _______________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ADDITIONAL HAZARDS (IF DIFFERENT FROM ORIGINAL HASP) Physical Hazards ( ) Cold Stress ( ) Compressed Gases/Cylinders ( ) Confined Space ( ) Enclosed Space ( ) Ergonomics ( ) Explosive/Flammable ( ) Heat Stress ( ) High Pressure ( ) Manual Lift ( ) Noise ( ) Oxygen Deficient ( ) Oxygen Enriched ( ) Tripping/Falling ( ) Work in Boat/on Water ( ) Vibrations Safety/Construction Hazards ( ) Demolition ( ) Drum Handling ( ) Electrical ( ) Elevated Work ( ) Energized Sources ( ) Excavation/Penetration ( ) Hoisting/Rigging (Lockout/Tagout) ( ) Overhead Hazards ( ) Trenching/Shoring ( ) Underground Hazards ( ) Welding/Cutting/Burning Chemical Hazards ( ) Asbestos ( ) Carcinogen ( ) Corrosive ( ) Inorganics ( ) Lead ( ) Manmade Mineral Fibers ( ) Mercury ( ) Metals ( ) Mutagen ( ) OSHA Specific ( ) PCBs ( ) Reproductive Toxicant ( ) Volatile Organic ( ) Other Ionizing Radiological Hazards ( ) External Exposure ( ) Internal Exposure Contamination Hazard Type _________________________________ Types: ( ) Ingestion ( ) Inhalation ( ) Absorption Non-Ionizing Radiological Hazards ( ) High Voltage ( ) Laser ( ) Microwave ( ) RF ( ) UV Biological / Vector Hazards ( ) Bacterial ( ) Medical Waste ( ) Parasites ( ) Plants (allergens) ( ) Wildlife

CONTROLS (IF DIFFERENT FROM ORIGINAL HASP) Engineering Controls: ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Administrative Controls:___________________________________________________ (required permits, ____________________________________________________ training, etc.) ____________________________________________________ Permits: Yes No RWP required? ( ) ( ) Configuration Management Plan required? ( ) ( ) Excavation/Penetration Permit required? ( ) ( ) Hoisting and Rigging Plan required? ( ) ( ) Lockout/Tagout Permit required? ( ) ( ) Permit Required Confined Space? ( ) ( ) Radiation Work Permit required? ( ) ( ) Welding/Hot work Permit required? ( ) ( ) Are design/specification changes needed? ( ) ( ) Other (Specify) ____________________________________________________ Are changes required in existing permits? Yes ( ) No ( ) PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Level of Protection: ( ) A ( ) C ( ) Modified ( ) B ( ) D Respiratory Protection: ( ) SCBA ( ) Full-Face ( ) Half-Face ( ) PAPR ( ) Other ( ) Supplied Air Cartridge: _______________________________________ Protective Clothing: ( ) Apron ( ) Company Clothing (Khakis) ( ) C-zone ( ) Encapsulating Suit ( ) Impermeable Suit ( ) Lab Coat ( ) Saranex ( ) Splash Suit ( ) Tyvek ( ) Welded Saranex ( ) Other _______________________ Head / eye / ear: ( ) Ear Plugs ( ) Ear Muffs ( ) Face Shield ( ) Goggles ( ) Hard Hat ( ) Laser Eyewear ( ) Mono-goggles ( ) Safety Glasses ( ) Splash Shield ( ) Welding Goggles

Gloves: ( ) Cotton ( ) Insulating ( ) Latex ( ) Leather ( ) Neoprene ( ) Nitrile ( ) PVC ( ) Vinyl ( ) Welding Gloves ( ) Other _________________ Footwear: ( ) Chemical Overboots ( ) Shoe Covers ( ) Steel-toed Leather ( ) Steel-toed Rubber ( ) Other _________________ Health and Safety Monitoring Requirements (if different from original HASP) ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Additional comments / changes: ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ APPROVALS: ____________________________________________________________________________ ORFRC Project Manager ____________________________________________________________________________ FRC SSHO ___________________________________________________________________________ ESD ES&H Point of Contact ____________________________________________________________________________ Radiological Control rep. (if applicable) ____________________________________________________________________________ SSD Rep. (if applicable) Other (if applicable)___________________________________________________________


DATE: _January 10, 2008__ Change for Original HASP Number: Feb. 14,2007 version

PROJECT: Integrated Field Scale Challenge (IFC) Project - Oak Ridge Field ResearchCenter (ORFRC)

INITIATOR OF CHANGE FORM: _Mary Anna Bogle _

TASK OR HAZARD THAT INITIATED FIELD CHANGE: Removal of requirement for routinehydrogen gas monitoring when coring/drilling in the near vicinity of the old S-3 Pondsbased on updated monitoring data.

PROJECT MANAGER NAME(s) / PHONE NUMBERS: _Dave Watson (241-4749) _

( ) Confined Space( ) Explosive/Flammable( ) Manual Lift( ) Oxygen Enriched( ) Vibrations

( ) Compressed Gases/Cylinders( ) Ergonomics( ) High Pressure( ) Oxygen Deficient( ) Work in Boat/on Water

ADDITIONAL HAZARDS (IF DIFFERENT FROM ORIGINAL HASP) N/APhvsical Hazards( ) Cold Stress( ) Enclosed Space( ) Heat Stress( ) Noise( ) Tripping/Falling

Safety/Construction Hazards( ) .Demolition( ) Elevated Work( ) Hoisting/Rigging( ) Trenching/Shoring

( ) Drum Handling( ) Energized Sources

(LockoutlTagout)( ) Underground Hazards

( ) Electrical( ) Excavation/Penetration( ) Overhead Hazards( ) Welding/Cutting/Burning

Chemical Hazards

( ) Asbestos( ) Inorganics( ) Mercury( ) OSHA Specific( ) Volatile Organic

( ) Carcinogen( ) Lead( ) Metals( ) PCBs( ) Other

( ) Corrosive( ) Manmade Mineral Fibers( ) Mutagen( ) Reproductive Toxicant

lonizinq Radioloqical Hazards( ) External Exposure( ) Internal Exposure

Contamination Hazard Type _Types: ( ) Ingestion ( ) Inhalation ( ) Absorption

Non-Ionizinq Radioloqical Hazards( ) High Voltage ( ) Laser( ) RF ( ) UV

( ) Microwave

Bioloqical/ Vector Hazards( ) Bacterial ( ) Medical Waste( ) Plants (allergens) ( ) Wildlife

( ) Parasites

10f3

CONTROLS (IF DIFFERENT FROM ORIGINAL HASP) N/A

Engineering Controls: _

Administrative Control_s: _(required permits,training, etc.)

Permits: Yes NoRWP required? ( ) ( )Configuration Management Plan required? ( ) ( )Excavation/Penetration Permit required? () ( )Hoisting and Rigging Plan required? ( ) ( )LockoutlTagout Permit required? ( ) ( )Permit Required Confined Space? ( ) ( )Radiation Work Permit required? ( ) ( )Welding/Hot work Permit required? ( ) ( )

Are design/specification changes needed? ( ) ( )

Other (Specify)

Are changes required in existing permits? Yes ( ) No ( )

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT N/A

( ) Company Clothing (Khakis)( ) Encapsulating Suit( ) Lab Coat( ) Splash Suit( ) Welded Saranex

( ) Modified

( ) Ear Muffs( ) Goggles( ) Laser Eyewear( ) Safety Glasses( ) Welding Goggles

( ) C( ) D

Level of Protection:

( ) A( ) B

Respiratory Protection:( ) SCBA ( ) Full-Face ( ) Half-Face( ) PAPR ( ) Other ( ) Supplied Air-Cartridge: _

Protective Clothing:( ) Apron( ) C-zone( ) Impermeable Suit( ) Saranex( ) Tyvek( ) Other _

Head / eye / ear:( ) Ear Plugs( ) Face Shield( ) Hard Hat( ) Mono-goggles( ) Splash Shield

2 of3

Gloves:

( ) Cotton( ) Latex( ) Neoprene( ) PVC( ) Welding Gloves

Footwear:

( ) Chemical Overboots( ) Steel-toed Leather( ) Other

( ) Insulating( ) Leather( ) Nitrile( ) Vinyl( ) Other

) Shoe Covers) Steel-toed Rubber

Health and Safety Monitoring Requirements (if different from original HASP)The removal of this requirement is based on additional hydrogen gas monitoring that hasoccurred since April 2006. This monitoring has shown declining hydrogen levels withcurrent levels many times below the lower explosive limit (see attached e-mail from BrianSpalding). In the future, data from hydrogen gas monitoring in Area 3 that is beingconducted for other studies will be used to evaluate the need for continued monitoringwhile drilling or coring in Area 3. If increases in levels approaching 50% of the LEL areobserved, routine hydrogen gas monitoring while drilling or coring will be re-initiated ..

Additional comments / changes:Those ORFRC researchers conducting hydrogen gas monitoring as part of their studieswill be asked to alert the project manager, Dave Watson, and the FRC SSHO if hydrogengas levels approach 50% of the LEL at any of their monitoring locations.

APPROVALS: ~ ~~ /LJ~ bz.../dy/v?Project Manager

Environmental Sciences DiViSi~Li~~;a~y and Health Point of Contact (PaC)

IV/4 _Radiological Control rep. (if applicable)

~ ~tv----([) I!30/0ttSafety Services Division Rep. (if applicable)

Other (if applicable)

30f3

of3

Bogle, Mary Anna

From: Spalding, Brian Patrick

Sent: Tuesday, January 08, 2008 6:05 AM

To: Watson, David B.; Bogle, Mary Anna; Lowe, Kenneth Alan; Hyder, Leo K.; Mehlhorn, Tonia L.; Cline, Steven R.;Thomasson, Kris

Subject: RE: HASP excerpt

Dave et aI.,Yes, the hydrogen gas concentrations have been declining since April 2006 in area 3 and are well below the 4% (40,000 ppm) leI.Typical current concentrations are running about 1,000 ppm in equilibrium gas samples in area 3 wells.

Brian SpaldingResearch Staff MemberOak Ridge National LaboratoryP.O.Box 2008Building 1505, Mail Stop 6036Bethel Valley RoadOak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6036Phone 865-574-7265·Fax 865-576-3989

From: Watson, David B.Sent: Monday, January 07,20085:32 PMTo: Bogle, Mary Anna; Lowe, Kenneth Alan; Hyder, Leo K.; Mehlhorn, Tonia L.; Cline, Steven R.; Thomasson, KrisCe: Spalding, Brian PatrickSubject: RE: HASP excerpt

I think Brian's data has been well below the 40000 ppmv explosive limit for hydrogen dissolved in groundwater in all wells hemonitors since April 2006. There has only been one reading above 40000 ppmv in the past 2 years and this is dissolved ingroundwater which is a worst case scenario since the gas from groundwater would be mixing with air and diluting theconcentration.

Brian - can you confirm the hydrogen concentrations?

Kris - I think you may need to weigh in on this. Do you think we still need to monitor for hydrogen considering we have nevergotten a reading with the meter at the surface while drilling.

Thanks Dave

From: Bogle, Mary AnnaSent: Monday, January 07,20083:34 PMTo: Lowe, Kenneth Alan; Watson, David B.; Hyder, Leo K.; Mehlhorn, Tonia L.Ce: Spalding, Brian PatrickSubject: RE: HASP excerpt

It sound like one needs to be purchased for the project if new hydrogen data does not support removing the requirement.

--Mary Anna

1/10/2008


DATE: _Januo/}' 10, 2008 __ Change for Original HASP Number: April 14, 2007 version

PROJECT: Jntegrated Field Scale Challenge (IFC) Project - Oak Ridge Field ResearchCenter (ORFRC)

INITIATOR OF CHANGE FORM: Dave Watson _

TASK OR HAZARD THAT INITIATED FIELD CHANGE: _Revise language on signatory pageof HASP and in Section 6.1 to include those workers conducting low-hazard tasks (e.g.,ground surface geophysical logging, surveying) and, therefore, not always required tohave HAZWOPER training or to be a participant in a medical surveillance program. Addlanguage to Section 6.1 to define the conditions under which 40-h, 24-h HAZWOPER orno HAZWOPER training is required. Include language on the role of the SSHO indetermining training requirements.

PROJECT MANAGER NAME(s) / PHONE NUMBERS: _Dave Watson (241-4749) _

( ) Confined Space( ) Explosive/Flammable( ) Manual Lift( ) Oxygen Enriched,( ) Vibrations

( ) Compressed Gases/Cylinders( ) Ergonomics( ) High Pressure( ) Oxygen Deficient( ) Work in Boat/on Water

ADDITIONAL HAZARDS (IF DIFFERENT FROM ORIGINAL HASP) N/APhvsical Hazards( ) Cold Stress( ) Enclosed Space( ) Heat Stress( ) Noise( ) Tripping/Falling

Safety/Construction Hazards( ) Demolition

( ) Drum Handling( ) Elevated Work

( ) Energized Sources( ) Hoisting/Rigging

(LockoutIT agout)( ) Trenching/Shoring

( ) Underground Hazards

Chemical Hazards( ) Asbestos

( ) Carcinogen( ) Inorganics

( ) Lead( ) Mercury

( ) Metals( ) OSHA Specific

( ) PCBs( ) Volatile Organic

( ) Other

lonizinq Radioloqical Hazards( ) External Exposure( ) Internal ExposureContamination Hazard TypeTypes: ( ) Ingestion

( ) Inhalation

Non-Ionizinq Radioloqical Hazards( ) High Voltage

( ) Laser( ) RF

( ) UV

Bioloqical / Vector Hazards( ) Bacterial

( ) Medical Waste( ) Plants (allergens)

( ) Wildlife( ) Electrical( ) Excavation/Penetration( ) Overhead Hazards( ) Welding/Cutting/Burning

( ) Corrosive( ) Manmade Mineral Fibers( ) Mutagen( ) Reproductive Toxicant

( ) Absorption

( ) Microwave

( ) Parasites

10f3

CONTROLS (IF DIFFERENT FROM ORIGINAL HASP) N/A

Engineering Controls:

Administrative Controls:

(required permits,training, etc.)

Permits: Yes No

RWP required? ( ) ( )Configuration Management Plan required? ( ) ( )Excavation/Penetration Permit required? () ( )Hoisting and Rigging Plan required? ( ) ( )LockoutlTagout Permit required? ( ) ( )Permit Required Confined Space? ( ) ( )Radiation Work Permit required? ( ) ( )Welding/Hot work Permit required? ( ) ( )

Are design/specification changes needed? ( ) ( )

Other (Specify)

Are changes required in existing permits?

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT N/A

Yes ( ) No ( )

Level of Protection:

( ) A( ) B

Respiratory Protection:( ) SCBA( ) PAPRCartridge: _

Protective Clothing:( ) Apron( ) C-zone( ) Impermeable Suit( ) Saranex( ) Tyvek( ) Other __

Head / eye / ear:( ) Ear Plugs( ) Face Shield( ) Hard Hat( ) Mono-goggles( ) Splash Shield

( ) C( ) 0

( ) Full-Face( ) Other

20f3

( ) Modified

( ) Half-Face( ) Supplied Air

( ) Company Clothing (Khakis)( ) Encapsulating Suit( ) Lab Coat( ) Splash Suit( ) Welded Saranex

( ) Ear Muffs( ) Goggles( ) Laser Eyewear( ) Safety Glasses( ) Welding Goggles

Gloves:

( ) Cotton( ) Latex( ) Neoprene( ) PVC( ) Welding Gloves

Footwear:

( ) Chemical Overboots( ) Steel-toed Leather( ) Other

( ) Insulating( ) Leather( ) Nitrile( ) Vinyl( ) Other

( ) Shoe Covers( ) Steel-toed Rubber

Health and Safety Monitoring Requirements (if different from original HASP)

Additional comments / changes:_Revised language: See attached page revisions from the HASP

APPROVALS: .. ~tJ~ A/~Project Manager

Mo/f...~6",~LD"2./0 I / <::> PISite Saf~a He fficer (SS ) I IOJ . O~ OC;;- 2-Ol7p

Enviro;l;~t Sciences Division ·ronment,Safety and Health Point of Contact (POC)Radiological Control rep. (if applicable)

~~ ~O\!301otSafety Services Division Rep. (if applicable)

Other (if applicable)

30f3

6. TRAINING/MEDICAL REQUIREMENTS

With the exception of those guests in category I aboye who are onsite infrequently and who have •...

very limited potential for exposure to contaminants. staff and guests shall also complete the following:

.........~~~~'~=::"~::~:,~,~~l"7T,,,~,"~f,"O=S'l'.~~'~~"E"'"O"",'~~l.~,",ge"""t••:f>• Received site-specific hazard communication and access briefing

Formatted: Indent: First line:

0.25", Tabs: 0.81", LeftFormatted: Indent: Left: 0.25"Deleted:Deleted: ~, Deleted: <#>Completionof 40-hourHAZWOPER(SARA/OSHA)training,orequivalent(Note:forcertaintypesof lowrisk work,24-hourtrainingis acceptable).Annualrefreshertrainingmustbe keptcurrent.~

,{ Formatted: Indent: Left: 0.25"

· Formatted: Numbered + Level: 1 +Numbering Style: 1, 2, 3, ... + Startat: 1 + Alignment: Left + Aligned at:0.25" + Tab after: 0.5" + Indent at:OS'

" Formatted: Indent: Left: 0.25"· Formatted: Numbered + Level: 1 +,: Numbering Style: 1, 2, 3, ... + Startat: 1 + Alignment: Left + Aligned at:0.25" + Tab after: OS' + Indent at:0.5"· Deleted: ~.: Allprojectpersonnelperforminghands-onworkthatcouldpotentiallyexposethem tohazardoussubstances,safety,or healthhazardswillmeet the followingtrainingrequirements:

Formatted: Tabs: 0.81", Left

Formatted: Indent: Left: 0.25"

A

Formatted: Font: Not Bold..Deleted:~ ' , '.:,' Formatted: Numbered + Level: 1 +

!jNumbering Style: 1, 2, 3, ... + Start

at: 1 + Alignment: Left + Aligned at:'. 0.25" + Tab after: 0.5" + Indent at:'.

"'. OS''. '.· Deleted: notenteringany exclusionzone or contamination reduction zone

" "

Formatted: Indent: Left: 0.54",

First line: 0", ,

Formatted: Indent: Left: 0.5", Firstline: 0"

, Formatted: Indent: Left: 0.5",Tabs: 0.25", Left

, Deleted: Site-specifichazard, communication and access briefing'

•. '1 !

.'

2. Staff and guest workers on site only occasionally for a specific limited task. such as groundwater

monitoring. and who are unlikely to be exposed over permissible exposure limits and published

exposure limits shall receive a minimum of24 hours ofHAZWOPER instruction. and a minimum

of one day actual field experience under the direct supervision of a trained. experienced

supervisor. Annual refresher training must be kept current. In addition. they shall complete the

training listed in Section 6.1.2 below.

Site-specific hazard communication and access briefing .•. '

Additional JT_l!!l1i!1.g_~i 1\_~~_~~!~}:''!'!!I1~_c!_()_11_~_~.l!~e_!Jy_~~e_ !J_l!~i~_(l_r g\l_~s!~_~!!~_li!11jte~ P9-!~l1t5.l!1_.t:q~_~/'exposure to contaminants. For example. graduate students conducting surface geophysical logging

who plan to be working at the ORFRC frequently and over an extended period will be required to

also complete the training listed below in Section 6.1.2.

The SSHO. with input from diyision ES&H staff. will make the determination of the leyel of

HAZWOPER training required (none. 24-hr or 40-hr) for staff and guests based on the work to be

performed. location of the worksite and the characterization information ayailable for the specific :1/worksiteL j i.'.:,.

L...Gy~~!~.~~g _~_l!Y~_,,~TY_F_'!'!tt_~9_p.()~~}~!!~!_f()T_~}~P.()!'_~~~_!9-~on!~!115n~!~,~·E:lEY_~~!~_~gl1_c!\I5;!!l1g ~?ground surface geophysical logging. crews conducting land surveys. require. at a minimum:

3. All proiect personnel and guests performing hands-on work at the FRC on a routine basis or work .:

that could potentially expose them to hazardous substances. safety. or health hazards will be

required to complete 40-h HAZWOPER (SARA/OSHA) training. Annual refresher training must

be kept current. In addition. they shall complete the training listed below in Section 6.1.2. ~,' .. /{ Formatted: Indent: Left: 1.25"

.6.1.2. Additi:~~~ -~~~;~-i-~~:::::::::::::::::::::-:::::::::-:::::-::::-::::--:::--::::::::::-::::-:::::-::::--:::::::~;',/':{Formatted: Font: Bold

Since different training requirements may be needed based on the nature of different tasks to be

performed, specific training requirements (e.g., Radworker II, Respirator) will be identified in the project

specific RSS requirement lists. Howeyer, generally applicable training requirements for work at the

ORFRC are presented here.

6.1.1. HAZWOPER Traininl!

6.1. SITE-SPECIFIC HAZARD COMMUNICA nON AND ACCESS BRIEFING

31

• Completion of Storm Water Pollution Prevention training

• Listed as a participant on and completed reading of the authorized ORFRC Research SafetySummary (and any relevant project-specific RSS, if applicable)

• Completed reading of the HASP (including HASP change forms with attachments)

• Staff and guests who plan to transport chemicals, including gas cylinders, must have Materials ofTrade Awareness training and follow DOT guidelines

• Staff who plan to transport contaminated samples from the field to ESD must follow the guidelinesdetailed in the authorized version ofRSS # 824

In addition, the Site Safety and Health Officer is required to have:

• 8-hour HAZWOPER Supervisor training

Personnel involved in service or maintenance work on energized equipment require:

• Lockoutffagout training

Prior to beginning work at the project site, all personnel will review this Health and Safety Plan andsign the training acknowledgment form (Appendix D). The site-specific hazard communication and accessbriefing is documented on sign-in sheets which are maintained by the Division training coordinator. Therequired reading of the authorized RSS # 824 will be conducted and documented online by the participant,when possible, or by notifying the SSHO that a hard copy has been read. If site conditions change or otherhazards are detected, the training and access requirements will be revised accordingly. For example, ifradiological contamination is detected, only those who are current in Radworker II training may performhands-on work in the contaminated area. Additional training may be required in the event that newinstruments or equipment (e.g., portable XRF analyzer; explosimeter) are to be used at the ORFRC.

Requirements for new training will be on a case by case basis after a review of the potential hazardsassociated with the use of the new instrument or equipment and the complexity of usage.

6.2. MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE

A medical surveillance program will be conducted in accordance with the requirements of 29 CFR1910.120 for:

• All employees who are or may be exposed to hazardous substances or health hazards at or abovethe established permissible exposure limits or, ifthere is no permissible exposure limit, above thepublished exposure levels for these substances, without regard to the use of respirators, for 30 daysor more a year

• All employees who wear a respirator for 30 days or more a year or as required by 29 CFR1910.134

32

Instructions: This form is to be completed by ~!l.Y9.11~_~~9._c9_11~_u~_t_s_.»'.<?~!c_c9-"er~d_u_1l9.e~_!~~J:t~\~P_?t_~h<;:m~-----{ Deleted: each person that

ERSP Oak Ridge Field Research Center field sites and returned to the Site Safety and Health Officer orORFRC Field Manager.

I have read and agree to abide by the contents of the SITE-SPECIFIC HEALTH AND SAFETYPLAN for work activities conducted at the ERSP Oak Ridge Field Research Center. I have completed the

training and J1!~g!~_l!Ls.':I~~i!!~(;~_~Il~~W~djI1Jh~_pI_l!112a~_~llt>~oRr!ateJ9.rth~_ta~_~,i_l1_<:)r(!~!J9_~<?~.ll!X!Y}~hmJ ---- Deleted: requirements specified in the

.tht?_~~g':l!!~IJ!~_l1!s._<?K~fR _!~! _Q:!_~9-" --l { ~:e:::c:::::I::as:::IDa

Signature / Badge #:

Return to:

Date:

ORFRC Site Safety and Health OfficerJ?!mmmhmmmmmmmmmmmmm mm h_J----{ Deleted: (Bldg. 1505, Room 208)

ORFRC Field Manager (Bldg. 1505, Room 302)P.O. Box 2008, MS 6038Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6038

1 of 4


DATE: October 29,2008 Change for Original HASP Number: April 14, 2007 version PROJECT: Integrated Field Scale Challenge (IFC) Project-Oak Ridge Field Research Center INITIATOR OF CHANGE FORM: Dave Watson / Kenneth Lowe TASK OR HAZARD THAT INITIATED FIELD CHANGE: Revision to section 4.5 Coring and Well Installation Task Description: Complete two geophysic well installations in the NT2 area and complete an injection well in Area 3 of the IFC Field Research Center using Acker Holegator drill rig. This revision only covers work mentioned above. Before any other work using this equipment can be performed another evaluation / revision will be necessary. See following comments and modifications listed in engineering and administrative controls listed below. PROJECT MANAGER NAME(s) / PHONE NUMBERS: Dave Watson (241-4749) ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ADDITIONAL HAZARDS (IF DIFFERENT FROM ORIGINAL HASP) N/A Physical Hazards (x) Cold Stress ( ) Compressed Gases/Cylinders ( ) Confined Space ( ) Enclosed Space (x) Ergonomics ( ) Explosive/Flammable (x) Heat Stress (x) High Pressure (x) Manual Lift (x) Noise ( ) Oxygen Deficient ( ) Oxygen Enriched (x) Tripping/Falling ( ) Work in Boat/on Water ( ) Vibrations Safety/Construction Hazards ( ) Demolition ( ) Drum Handling ( ) Electrical ( ) Elevated Work ( ) Energized Sources ( x) Excavation/Penetration ( x) Hoisting/Rigging (Lockout/Tagout) ( ) Overhead Hazards ( ) Trenching/Shoring ( ) Underground Hazards ( ) Welding/Cutting/Burning Chemical Hazards ( ) Asbestos ( ) Carcinogen ( ) Corrosive ( ) Inorganics ( ) Lead ( ) Manmade Mineral Fibers ( ) Mercury ( ) Metals ( ) Mutagen ( ) OSHA Specific ( ) PCBs ( ) Reproductive Toxicant ( ) Volatile Organic ( ) Other Ionizing Radiological Hazards ( ) External Exposure ( ) Internal Exposure Contamination Hazard Type _________________________________ Types: ( ) Ingestion ( ) Inhalation ( ) Absorption Non-Ionizing Radiological Hazards ( ) High Voltage ( ) Laser ( ) Microwave ( ) RF ( ) UV Biological / Vector Hazards ( ) Bacterial ( ) Medical Waste ( ) Parasites ( ) Plants (allergens) ( ) Wildlife

2 of 4

CONTROLS (IF DIFFERENT FROM ORIGINAL HASP) Engineering Controls:

1. Addition of “windshield” type barrier to dash / console of rig should be considered to deflect any accidental fluid release away from operator. Feasibility should be evaluated in the field prior to start of drilling operation.

2. Addition of rubberized gaskets to openings around tram and pump levers on console. 3. Sheet type shielding “plastic / plywood” placed around mast to deflect any accidental

fluid release away from ground crew should be considered in the field prior to start of drilling operation.

4. Vinyl tarp material will be placed under drill rig to prevent any accidental fluid release from impacting environment.

5. Absorbent pigs / mats will be on hand to contain any accidental fluid release to the environment.

Administrative Controls (required permits, training, etc.):

1. A prejob briefing and safety discussion will be held daily prior to any work starting in area. In addition to drilling personnel and FRC staff, a Safety and Health staff member must be present at time of initial briefing and setup of drill rig.

2. Ground crew / help will be kept at a safe distance to observe rig while augering / drilling work is being performed.

3. When work permits the drill rig will be slowed to idle speed or completely shut down when working around augers and mast area.

Permits: Yes No Configuration Management Plan required? ( ) (x) Excavation/Penetration Permit required? (x) ( ) Hoisting and Rigging Plan required? (x) ( ) Lockout/Tagout Permit required? ( ) (x) Permit Required Confined Space? ( ) (x) Radiation Work Permit required? (x) ( ) Welding/Hot work Permit required? ( ) (x) Are design/specification changes needed? (x) ( ) Other (Specify): Modifications to drill rig and work see notes listed in engineering controls Are changes required in existing permits? Yes ( ) No (x) PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT : Saranex coveralls will be worn over company clothing when drilling activities are underway. Face shield and safety glasses will be worn when drilling activities are taking place. Safety glasses are required during all other site work activities. Either ear plugs or muffs are required at all times while drill rig is operating. Only company clothing (khakis, cloth coveralls) are required while drill rig is being loaded or unloaded and moved into

3 of 4

position. Once augering / drilling operations have ceased and drill string is being removed from hole for well installation, saranex coveralls can be removed and only company clothing (khakis, coveralls) will be required. During this time the rig is either shut off while additions of sand and bentonite are added around pvc well materials, or run at low pressures and idle speeds to lift drill string from hole. Level of Protection: ( ) A ( ) C (X) Modified - see above ( ) B ( ) D Respiratory Protection: ( ) SCBA ( ) Full-Face ( ) Half-Face ( ) PAPR ( ) Other ( ) Supplied Air Cartridge: _______________________________________ Protective Clothing: ( ) Apron (x) Company Clothing (Khakis) ( ) C-zone ( ) Encapsulating Suit ( ) Impermeable Suit ( ) Lab Coat (x) Saranex ( ) Splash Suit ( ) Tyvek ( ) Welded Saranex ( ) Other _______________________ Head / eye / ear: (x) Ear Plugs (x) Ear Muffs (x) Face Shield ( ) Goggles (x) Hard Hat ( ) Laser Eyewear ( ) Mono-goggles (x) Safety Glasses ( ) Splash Shield ( ) Welding Goggles Gloves: ( ) Cotton ( ) Insulating ( ) Latex (x) Leather ( ) Neoprene ( ) Nitrile ( ) PVC ( ) Vinyl ( ) Welding Gloves ( ) Other _________________ Footwear: ( ) Chemical Overboots ( ) Shoe Covers (x) Steel-toed Leather ( ) Steel-toed Rubber ( ) Other _________________ Health and Safety Monitoring Requirements (if different from original HASP) A member from Health and Safety staff must be present at initial prejob safety discussion before work can begin. Additional comments / changes: _Revised language: This form is to be completed by anyone who conducts work activities covered under this revision to the HASP at the ERSP Oak Ridge Field Research Center field site and the completed form returned to the Site Safety and Health Officer. I have read and agree to abide by the contents of the Site-Specific Health and Safety Plan for work activities conducted at the ERSP Oak Ridge Field Research Center. I have

site-specific health and safety plan for work activities at the … rev10-29... · 2008. 11. 5. ·...

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