site classification report summary · test procedure is described by australian standard...

SITE CLASSIFICATION REPORT SUMMARY

BLOCK: 1 SECTION: 65 SUBURB: Denman Prospect

JOB No: 88231.20 DATE: July 2020

CLIENT: Capital Estate Developments Pty Ltd

Classification Procedures:

Existing Subsurface Conditions: Refer attached test pit log(s) – Pit(s) 10,11 and Drawing 1.

Bulk Earthworks:Fill within the block placed under Level 1 control as defined in AS 3798:2007.

Site Classification: Site classification in accordance with AS2870:2011 provides guidance on the patterns and

magnitude of moisture related seasonal ground movements that must be considered in design. Based on the current soil profile / state, on limited subsurface information, soil reactivity and allowing for variation in the subsoil profile, the soil profile would be equivalent to Class S* (slightly reactive/filled) conditions. If the building pad, following site excavations exposes entirely weathered rock, a Class A (non-reactive) classification may be appropriate provided groundwater seepages are controlled. Therefore the site classification must be reassessed should the subsurface profile change by either cutting or filling and/or if the presence of service trenches, retaining walls or submerged structures are within the zone of influence of the proposed footings. Reference must be made to the comments provided below.

Footing Systems: Reference must be made to AS2870:2011 which indicates footing systems that are appropriate for

each site classification. All footings must found within a uniform bearing stratum of suitable strength/material to avoid differential settlements, below the zone of influence of any service trenches, backfill zones, retaining walls or underground structures. Masonry walls should be articulated in accordance with current best practice. Dwelling design must ensure uniform moisture conditions are maintained in the vicinity of footings. Footing systems must be confirmed by a structural engineer taking into consideration any onsite or offsite constraints.

Maintenance Guidelines: Reference should be made to the attached CSIRO Sheet BTF 18 ‘Foundation Maintenance

& Footing Performance’ to comments about gardens, landscaping and trees on the performance of foundation soils and in particular in respect to maintaining good surface drainage. It notes that minor cracking in most structures is inevitable, and it describes site maintenance practices aimed at minimising foundation movements that can lead to cracking damage.

Comments/

Limitations:

The successful purchaser must make their own interpretations, deductions and conclusions from the information made available and will need to accept full responsibility for such interpretations, deductions and conclusions.

Development specific geotechnical investigations must be undertaken.

Additional topsoils / fill may have been spread subsequent to the investigation.

Site preparation prior to the construction should include removal of all vegetation, topsoil and any uncontrolled fill.

All new fill must be placed under controlled conditions (AS 3798:2007), otherwise Class P (problem site) conditions would be warranted.

Some variability in subsurface conditions must be anticipated.

Moisture condition of site soils and/or the presence of groundwater may vary considerably from time of investigation compared to at the time of construction. Groundwater springs and/or flows are likely to be more prominent after heavy or prolonged rainfall. Excavations could intercept groundwater flows; therefore, it is recommended all retaining walls are waterproofed and drainage installed behind them.

Hard rock excavation must be anticipated. It is recommended that excavation depths be minimal to reduce potential site costs.

It is recommended that footing excavations be inspected by a geotechnical engineer.

This report must be read in conjunction with the attached “Limitations” and notes “About this Report”.

References: AS 2870:2011, Residential Slabs and Footings, Standards Australia.

AS 3798:2007, Guidelines on Earthworks for Commercial and Residential Developments, Standards Australia.

Attachments: Limitations & About this Report Explanatory Notes Test Pit Log(s) Pit(s) 10,11 Drawing 1

FS 604853

Douglas Partners Pty Ltd

ABN 75 053 980 117

www.douglaspartners.com.au

Unit 2, 73 Sheppard Street

Hume ACT 2620

PO Box 1487

Fyshwick ACT 2609

Phone (02) 6260 2788

Fax (02) 6260 1147

Brisbane • Cairns • Canberra • Central Coast • Coffs Harbour • Darwin • Geelong • Gold Coast • Macarthur • Melbourne Newcastle • North West Sydney • Perth • Port Macquarie • Sunshine Coast • Sydney • Townsville • Wollongong

Limitations

Douglas Partners (DP) has prepared this report for this project at Denman Prospect 1B Stage 2C, Denman

Prospect in accordance with DP’s proposal dated 29 May 2019 and acceptance received from Capital Estate

Developments Pty Ltd dated 21 April 2020. The work was carried out under DP’s Conditions of Engagement.

This report is provided for the exclusive use of Capital Estate Developments Pty Ltd for this project only and

for the purposes as described in the report. It should not be used by or relied upon for other projects or

purposes on the same or other site or by a third party. Any party so relying upon this report beyond its

exclusive use and purpose as stated above, and without the express written consent of DP, does so entirely

at its own risk and without recourse to DP for any loss or damage. In preparing this report DP has necessarily

relied upon information provided by the client and/or their agents.

The results provided in the report are indicative of the sub-surface conditions on the site only at the specific

sampling and/or testing locations, and then only to the depths investigated and at the time the work was

carried out. Sub-surface conditions can change abruptly due to variable geological processes and also as a

result of human influences. Such changes may occur after DP’s field testing has been completed.

DP’s advice is based upon the conditions encountered during this investigation. The accuracy of the advice

provided by DP in this report may be affected by undetected variations in ground conditions across the site

between and beyond the sampling and/or testing locations. The advice may also be limited by budget

constraints imposed by others or by site accessibility.

This report must be read in conjunction with all of the attached and should be kept in its entirety without

separation of individual pages or sections. DP cannot be held responsible for interpretations or conclusions

made by others unless they are supported by an expressed statement, interpretation, outcome or conclusion

stated in this report.

This report, or sections from this report, should not be used as part of a specification for a project, without

review and agreement by DP. This is because this report has been written as advice and opinion rather than

instructions for construction.

The scope for work for this investigation/report did not include the assessment of surface or sub-surface

materials or groundwater for contaminants, within or adjacent to the site. Should evidence of fill of unknown

origin be noted in the report, and in particular the presence of building demolition materials, it should be

recognised that there may be some risk that such fill may contain contaminants and hazardous building

materials.

The contents of this report do not constitute formal design components such as are required, by the Health

and Safety Legislation and Regulations, to be included in a Safety Report specifying the hazards likely to be

encountered during construction and the controls required to mitigate risk. This design process requires risk

assessment to be undertaken, with such assessment being dependent upon factors relating to likelihood of

occurrence and consequences of damage to property and to life. This, in turn, requires project data and

analysis presently beyond the knowledge and project role respectively of DP. DP may be able, however, to

assist the client in carrying out a risk assessment of potential hazards contained in the Comments section of

this report, as an extension to the current scope of works, if so requested, and provided that suitable additional

information is made available to DP. Any such risk assessment would, however, be necessarily restricted to

the geotechnical components set out in this report and to their application by the project designers to project

design, construction, maintenance and demolition.

July 2010

Introduction These notes have been provided to amplify DP's report in regard to classification methods, field procedures and the comments section. Not all are necessarily relevant to all reports. DP's reports are based on information gained from limited subsurface excavations and sampling, supplemented by knowledge of local geology and experience. For this reason, they must be regarded as interpretive rather than factual documents, limited to some extent by the scope of information on which they rely. Copyright This report is the property of Douglas Partners Pty Ltd. The report may only be used for the purpose for which it was commissioned and in accordance with the Conditions of Engagement for the commission supplied at the time of proposal. Unauthorised use of this report in any form whatsoever is prohibited. Borehole and Test Pit Logs The borehole and test pit logs presented in this report are an engineering and/or geological interpretation of the subsurface conditions, and their reliability will depend to some extent on frequency of sampling and the method of drilling or excavation. Ideally, continuous undisturbed sampling or core drilling will provide the most reliable assessment, but this is not always practicable or possible to justify on economic grounds. In any case the boreholes and test pits represent only a very small sample of the total subsurface profile. Interpretation of the information and its application to design and construction should therefore take into account the spacing of boreholes or pits, the frequency of sampling, and the possibility of other than 'straight line' variations between the test locations. Groundwater Where groundwater levels are measured in boreholes there are several potential problems, namely: • In low permeability soils groundwater may

enter the hole very slowly or perhaps not at all during the time the hole is left open;

• A localised, perched water table may lead to an erroneous indication of the true water table;

• Water table levels will vary from time to time with seasons or recent weather changes. They may not be the same at the time of construction as are indicated in the report; and

• The use of water or mud as a drilling fluid will mask any groundwater inflow. Water has to be blown out of the hole and drilling mud must first be washed out of the hole if water measurements are to be made.

More reliable measurements can be made by installing standpipes which are read at intervals over several days, or perhaps weeks for low permeability soils. Piezometers, sealed in a particular stratum, may be advisable in low permeability soils or where there may be interference from a perched water table. Reports The report has been prepared by qualified personnel, is based on the information obtained from field and laboratory testing, and has been undertaken to current engineering standards of interpretation and analysis. Where the report has been prepared for a specific design proposal, the information and interpretation may not be relevant if the design proposal is changed. If this happens, DP will be pleased to review the report and the sufficiency of the investigation work. Every care is taken with the report as it relates to interpretation of subsurface conditions, discussion of geotechnical and environmental aspects, and recommendations or suggestions for design and construction. However, DP cannot always anticipate or assume responsibility for: • Unexpected variations in ground conditions.

The potential for this will depend partly on borehole or pit spacing and sampling frequency;

• Changes in policy or interpretations of policy by statutory authorities; or

• The actions of contractors responding to commercial pressures.

If these occur, DP will be pleased to assist with investigations or advice to resolve the matter.

July 2010

Site Anomalies In the event that conditions encountered on site during construction appear to vary from those which were expected from the information contained in the report, DP requests that it be immediately notified. Most problems are much more readily resolved when conditions are exposed rather than at some later stage, well after the event. Information for Contractual Purposes Where information obtained from this report is provided for tendering purposes, it is recommended that all information, including the written report and discussion, be made available. In circumstances where the discussion or comments section is not relevant to the contractual situation, it may be appropriate to prepare a specially edited document. DP would be pleased to assist in this regard and/or to make additional report copies available for contract purposes at a nominal charge. Site Inspection The company will always be pleased to provide engineering inspection services for geotechnical and environmental aspects of work to which this report is related. This could range from a site visit to confirm that conditions exposed are as expected, to full time engineering presence on site.

July 2010

Sampling Sampling is carried out during drilling or test pitting to allow engineering examination (and laboratory testing where required) of the soil or rock. Disturbed samples taken during drilling provide information on colour, type, inclusions and, depending upon the degree of disturbance, some information on strength and structure. Undisturbed samples are taken by pushing a thin-walled sample tube into the soil and withdrawing it to obtain a sample of the soil in a relatively undisturbed state. Such samples yield information on structure and strength, and are necessary for laboratory determination of shear strength and compressibility. Undisturbed sampling is generally effective only in cohesive soils. Test Pits Test pits are usually excavated with a backhoe or an excavator, allowing close examination of the in-situ soil if it is safe to enter into the pit. The depth of excavation is limited to about 3 m for a backhoe and up to 6 m for a large excavator. A potential disadvantage of this investigation method is the larger area of disturbance to the site. Large Diameter Augers Boreholes can be drilled using a rotating plate or short spiral auger, generally 300 mm or larger in diameter commonly mounted on a standard piling rig. The cuttings are returned to the surface at intervals (generally not more than 0.5 m) and are disturbed but usually unchanged in moisture content. Identification of soil strata is generally much more reliable than with continuous spiral flight augers, and is usually supplemented by occasional undisturbed tube samples. Continuous Spiral Flight Augers The borehole is advanced using 90-115 mm diameter continuous spiral flight augers which are withdrawn at intervals to allow sampling or in-situ testing. This is a relatively economical means of drilling in clays and sands above the water table. Samples are returned to the surface, or may be collected after withdrawal of the auger flights, but they are disturbed and may be mixed with soils from the sides of the hole. Information from the drilling (as distinct from specific sampling by SPTs or undisturbed samples) is of relatively low

reliability, due to the remoulding, possible mixing or softening of samples by groundwater. Non-core Rotary Drilling The borehole is advanced using a rotary bit, with water or drilling mud being pumped down the drill rods and returned up the annulus, carrying the drill cuttings. Only major changes in stratification can be determined from the cuttings, together with some information from the rate of penetration. Where drilling mud is used this can mask the cuttings and reliable identification is only possible from separate sampling such as SPTs. Continuous Core Drilling A continuous core sample can be obtained using a diamond tipped core barrel, usually with a 50 mm internal diameter. Provided full core recovery is achieved (which is not always possible in weak rocks and granular soils), this technique provides a very reliable method of investigation. Standard Penetration Tests Standard penetration tests (SPT) are used as a means of estimating the density or strength of soils and also of obtaining a relatively undisturbed sample. The test procedure is described in Australian Standard 1289, Methods of Testing Soils for Engineering Purposes - Test 6.3.1. The test is carried out in a borehole by driving a 50 mm diameter split sample tube under the impact of a 63 kg hammer with a free fall of 760 mm. It is normal for the tube to be driven in three successive 150 mm increments and the 'N' value is taken as the number of blows for the last 300 mm. In dense sands, very hard clays or weak rock, the full 450 mm penetration may not be practicable and the test is discontinued. The test results are reported in the following form. • In the case where full penetration is obtained

with successive blow counts for each 150 mm of, say, 4, 6 and 7 as:

4,6,7 N=13

• In the case where the test is discontinued before the full penetration depth, say after 15 blows for the first 150 mm and 30 blows for the next 40 mm as:

15, 30/40 mm

July 2010

The results of the SPT tests can be related empirically to the engineering properties of the soils. Dynamic Cone Penetrometer Tests / Perth Sand Penetrometer Tests Dynamic penetrometer tests (DCP or PSP) are carried out by driving a steel rod into the ground using a standard weight of hammer falling a specified distance. As the rod penetrates the soil the number of blows required to penetrate each successive 150 mm depth are recorded. Normally there is a depth limitation of 1.2 m, but this may be extended in certain conditions by the use of extension rods. Two types of penetrometer are commonly used. • Perth sand penetrometer - a 16 mm diameter

flat ended rod is driven using a 9 kg hammer dropping 600 mm (AS 1289, Test 6.3.3). This test was developed for testing the density of sands and is mainly used in granular soils and filling.

• Cone penetrometer - a 16 mm diameter rod with a 20 mm diameter cone end is driven using a 9 kg hammer dropping 510 mm (AS 1289, Test 6.3.2). This test was developed initially for pavement subgrade investigations, and correlations of the test results with California Bearing Ratio have been published by various road authorities.

May 2019

Description and Classification Methods The methods of description and classification of

soils and rocks used in this report are generally

based on Australian Standard AS1726:2017,

Geotechnical Site Investigations. In general, the

descriptions include strength or density, colour,

structure, soil or rock type and inclusions.

Soil Types Soil types are described according to the

predominant particle size, qualified by the grading

of other particles present:

Type Particle size (mm)

Boulder >200

Cobble 63 - 200

Gravel 2.36 - 63

Sand 0.075 - 2.36

Silt 0.002 - 0.075

Clay <0.002

The sand and gravel sizes can be further

subdivided as follows:


Coarse gravel 19 - 63

Medium gravel 6.7 - 19

Fine gravel 2.36 – 6.7

Coarse sand 0.6 - 2.36

Medium sand 0.21 - 0.6

Fine sand 0.075 - 0.21

Definitions of grading terms used are:

Well graded - a good representation of all

particle sizes

Poorly graded - an excess or deficiency of

particular sizes within the specified range

Uniformly graded - an excess of a particular

particle size

Gap graded - a deficiency of a particular

particle size with the range

The proportions of secondary constituents of soils

are described as follows:

In fine grained soils (>35% fines)

Term Proportion

of sand or

gravel

Example

And Specify Clay (60%) and

Sand (40%)

Adjective >30% Sandy Clay

With 15 – 30% Clay with sand

Trace 0 - 15% Clay with trace

sand

In coarse grained soils (>65% coarse)

- with clays or silts

Term Proportion

of fines

Example

And Specify Sand (70%) and

Clay (30%)

Adjective >12% Clayey Sand

With 5 - 12% Sand with clay

Trace 0 - 5% Sand with trace

clay


- with coarser fraction

Term Proportion

of coarser

fraction

Example


Gravel (40%)

Adjective >30% Gravelly Sand

With 15 - 30% Sand with gravel


gravel

The presence of cobbles and boulders shall be

specifically noted by beginning the description with

‘Mix of Soil and Cobbles/Boulders’ with the word

order indicating the dominant first and the

proportion of cobbles and boulders described

together.

May 2019

Cohesive Soils Cohesive soils, such as clays, are classified on the

basis of undrained shear strength. The strength

may be measured by laboratory testing, or

estimated by field tests or engineering

examination. The strength terms are defined as

follows:

Description Abbreviation Undrained shear strength

(kPa)

Very soft VS <12

Soft S 12 - 25

Firm F 25 - 50

Stiff St 50 - 100

Very stiff VSt 100 - 200

Hard H >200

Friable Fr -

Cohesionless Soils Cohesionless soils, such as clean sands, are

classified on the basis of relative density, generally

from the results of standard penetration tests

(SPT), cone penetration tests (CPT) or dynamic

penetrometers (PSP). The relative density terms

are given below:

Relative Density

Abbreviation Density Index (%)

Very loose VL <15

Loose L 15-35

Medium dense MD 35-65

Dense D 65-85

Very dense VD >85

Soil Origin It is often difficult to accurately determine the origin

of a soil. Soils can generally be classified as:

Residual soil - derived from in-situ weathering

of the underlying rock;

Extremely weathered material – formed from

in-situ weathering of geological formations.

Has soil strength but retains the structure or

fabric of the parent rock;

Alluvial soil – deposited by streams and rivers;

Estuarine soil – deposited in coastal estuaries;

Marine soil – deposited in a marine

environment;

Lacustrine soil – deposited in freshwater

lakes;

Aeolian soil – carried and deposited by wind;

Colluvial soil – soil and rock debris

transported down slopes by gravity;

Topsoil – mantle of surface soil, often with

high levels of organic material.

Fill – any material which has been moved by

man.

Moisture Condition – Coarse Grained Soils For coarse grained soils the moisture condition

should be described by appearance and feel using

the following terms:

Dry (D) Non-cohesive and free-running.

Moist (M) Soil feels cool, darkened in

colour.

Soil tends to stick together.

Sand forms weak ball but breaks

easily.

Wet (W) Soil feels cool, darkened in

colour.

Soil tends to stick together, free

water forms when handling.

Moisture Condition – Fine Grained Soils For fine grained soils the assessment of moisture

content is relative to their plastic limit or liquid limit,

as follows:

‘Moist, dry of plastic limit’ or ‘w <PL’ (i.e. hard

and friable or powdery).

‘Moist, near plastic limit’ or ‘w ≈ PL (i.e. soil can

be moulded at moisture content approximately

equal to the plastic limit).

‘Moist, wet of plastic limit’ or ‘w >PL’ (i.e. soils

usually weakened and free water forms on the

hands when handling).

‘Wet’ or ‘w ≈LL’ (i.e. near the liquid limit).

‘Wet’ or ‘w >LL’ (i.e. wet of the liquid limit).

May 2019

Rock Strength Rock strength is defined by the Unconfined Compressive Strength and it refers to the strength of the rock

substance and not the strength of the overall rock mass, which may be considerably weaker due to defects.

The Point Load Strength Index Is(50) is commonly used to provide an estimate of the rock strength and site

specific correlations should be developed to allow UCS values to be determined. The point load strength

test procedure is described by Australian Standard AS4133.4.1-2007. The terms used to describe rock

strength are as follows:

Strength Term Abbreviation Unconfined Compressive Strength MPa

Point Load Index *

Is(50) MPa

Very low VL 0.6 - 2 0.03 - 0.1

Low L 2 - 6 0.1 - 0.3

Medium M 6 - 20 0.3 - 1.0

High H 20 - 60 1 - 3

Very high VH 60 - 200 3 - 10

Extremely high EH >200 >10

* Assumes a ratio of 20:1 for UCS to Is(50). It should be noted that the UCS to Is(50) ratio varies significantly

for different rock types and specific ratios should be determined for each site.

Degree of Weathering The degree of weathering of rock is classified as follows:

Term Abbreviation Description

Residual Soil RS Material is weathered to such an extent that it has soil properties. Mass structure and material texture and fabric of original rock are no longer visible, but the soil has not been significantly transported.

Extremely weathered XW Material is weathered to such an extent that it has soil properties. Mass structure and material texture and fabric of original rock are still visible

Highly weathered HW The whole of the rock material is discoloured, usually by iron staining or bleaching to the extent that the colour of the original rock is not recognisable. Rock strength is significantly changed by weathering. Some primary minerals have weathered to clay minerals. Porosity may be increased by leaching, or may be decreased due to deposition of weathering products in pores.

Moderately weathered

MW The whole of the rock material is discoloured , usually by iron staining or bleaching to the extent that the colour of the original rock is not recognisable, but shows little or no change of strength from fresh rock.

Slightly weathered SW Rock is partially discoloured with staining or bleaching along joints but shows little or no change of strength from fresh rock.

Fresh FR No signs of decomposition or staining.

Note: If HW and MW cannot be differentiated use DW (see below)

Distinctly weathered DW Rock strength usually changed by weathering. The rock may be highly discoloured, usually by iron staining. Porosity may be increased by leaching or may be decreased due to deposition of weathered products in pores.

May 2019

Degree of Fracturing The following classification applies to the spacing of natural fractures in diamond drill cores. It includes

bedding plane partings, joints and other defects, but excludes drilling breaks.

Term Description

Fragmented Fragments of <20 mm

Highly Fractured Core lengths of 20-40 mm with occasional fragments

Fractured Core lengths of 30-100 mm with occasional shorter and longer sections

Slightly Fractured Core lengths of 300 mm or longer with occasional sections of 100-300 mm

Unbroken Core contains very few fractures

Rock Quality Designation The quality of the cored rock can be measured using the Rock Quality Designation (RQD) index, defined

as:

RQD % = cumulative length of 'sound' core sections 100 mm long

total drilled length of section being assessed

where 'sound' rock is assessed to be rock of low strength or stronger. The RQD applies only to natural

fractures. If the core is broken by drilling or handling (i.e. drilling breaks) then the broken pieces are fitted

back together and are not included in the calculation of RQD.

Stratification Spacing For sedimentary rocks the following terms may be used to describe the spacing of bedding partings:

Term Separation of Stratification Planes

Thinly laminated < 6 mm

Laminated 6 mm to 20 mm

Very thinly bedded 20 mm to 60 mm

Thinly bedded 60 mm to 0.2 m

Medium bedded 0.2 m to 0.6 m

Thickly bedded 0.6 m to 2 m

Very thickly bedded > 2 m

May 2017

Introduction These notes summarise abbreviations commonly

used on borehole logs and test pit reports.

Drilling or Excavation Methods C Core drilling

R Rotary drilling

SFA Spiral flight augers

NMLC Diamond core - 52 mm dia

NQ Diamond core - 47 mm dia

HQ Diamond core - 63 mm dia

PQ Diamond core - 81 mm dia

Water � Water seep

� Water level

Sampling and Testing A Auger sample

B Bulk sample

D Disturbed sample

E Environmental sample

U50 Undisturbed tube sample (50mm)

W Water sample

pp Pocket penetrometer (kPa)

PID Photo ionisation detector

PL Point load strength Is(50) MPa

S Standard Penetration Test

V Shear vane (kPa)

Description of Defects in Rock The abbreviated descriptions of the defects should

be in the following order: Depth, Type, Orientation,

Coating, Shape, Roughness and Other. Drilling

and handling breaks are not usually included on

the logs.

Defect Type

B Bedding plane

Cs Clay seam

Cv Cleavage

Cz Crushed zone

Ds Decomposed seam

F Fault

J Joint

Lam Lamination

Pt Parting

Sz Sheared Zone

V Vein

Orientation

The inclination of defects is always measured from

the perpendicular to the core axis.

h horizontal

v vertical

sh sub-horizontal

sv sub-vertical

Coating or Infilling Term

cln clean

co coating

he healed

inf infilled

stn stained

ti tight

vn veneer

Coating Descriptor

ca calcite

cbs carbonaceous

cly clay

fe iron oxide

mn manganese

slt silty

Shape

cu curved

ir irregular

pl planar

st stepped

un undulating

Roughness

po polished

ro rough

sl slickensided

sm smooth

vr very rough

Other

fg fragmented

bnd band

qtz quartz

May 2017

Graphic Symbols for Soil and Rock General

Soils

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Road base

Filling

Concrete

Asphalt

Topsoil

Peat

Clay

Conglomeratic sandstone

Conglomerate

Boulder conglomerate

Sandstone

Slate, phyllite, schist

Siltstone

Mudstone, claystone, shale

Coal

Limestone

Porphyry

Cobbles, boulders

Sandy gravel

Laminite

Silty sand

Clayey sand

Silty clay

Sandy clay

Gravelly clay

Shaly clay

Silt

Clayey silt

Sandy silt

Sand

Gravel

Talus

Gneiss

Quartzite

Dolerite, basalt, andesite

Granite

Tuff, breccia

Dacite, epidote

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TOPSOIL FILL/Silty SAND (SM): fine to mediumgrained sand, grey, low plasticity fines, trace gravel to20mm in size, dry to moist, medium dense, FILL

FILL/Sandy GRAVEL (GP): fine to coarse gravel, brown,some grey, fine to coarse grained sand, trace clay andlarge cobbles, dry to moist, dense, FILL

RHYODACITE IGNIMBRITE: fine to coarse grained,blue-grey, dry to moist, high strength, slightly weathered,slightly fractured, trace highly weathered and low tomedium strength rhyodacite

Pit discontinued at 0.7m

-refusal

0.15

0.5

0.7

SAMPLING & IN SITU TESTING LEGEND

1

2

RL

59

75

96

TEST PIT LOG

Depth(m)

Denman Prospect 1B - Stage 2C

A Auger sample G Gas sample PID Photo ionisation detector (ppm)B Bulk sample P Piston sample PL(A) Point load axial test Is(50) (MPa)BLK Block sample Ux Tube sample (x mm dia.) PL(D) Point load diametral test Is(50) (MPa)C Core drilling W Water sample pp Pocket penetrometer (kPa)D Disturbed sample Water seep S Standard penetration testE Environmental sample Water level V Shear vane (kPa)

Capital Estate Developments Pty Ltd

Proposed Residential Subdivision

Results &Comments

LOGGED: GM SURVEY DATUM: MGA94

CLIENT:

PROJECT:

LOCATION:

PIT No: 10

PROJECT No: 88231.20

DATE: 26/6/2020

SHEET 1 OF 1

Sampling & In Situ Testing

1

2

Wa

ter

De

pth

Sa

mp

le

Description

of

Strata Gra

ph

icL

og

Typ

e

REMARKS: Surface levels and coordinates are approximate only and must not be relied upon

RIG: Kubota KX057-4 mini-excavator fitted with a 300mm wide bucket

WATER OBSERVATIONS:No free groundwater observed

SURFACE LEVEL: 597.8 AHD

EASTING: 684536

NORTHING: 6091610

Dynamic Penetrometer Test(blows per mm)

5 10 15 20

Cone Penetrometer AS1289.6.3.2 Sand Penetrometer AS1289.6.3.3



RHYODACITE IGNIMBRITE: fine to coarse grained,grey-blue, dry to moist, high strength, medium to slightlyweathered, slightly fractured


-refusal

0.15

0.7

0.8


1

2

RL

60

05

99

TEST PIT LOG

Depth(m)





Results &Comments


CLIENT:

PROJECT:

LOCATION:

PIT No: 11


DATE: 26/6/2020

SHEET 1 OF 1


1

2

Wa

ter

De

pth

Sa

mp

le

Description

of

Strata Gra

ph

icL

og

Typ

e





EASTING: 684546

NORTHING: 6091588


5 10 15 20















Comments/

Limitations:














FS 604853


ABN 75 053 980 117



Hume ACT 2620

PO Box 1487

Fyshwick ACT 2609

Phone (02) 6260 2788

Fax (02) 6260 1147


Limitations





























materials.












July 2010











July 2010




4,6,7 N=13


15, 30/40 mm

July 2010




May 2019











Boulder >200

Cobble 63 - 200

Gravel 2.36 - 63

Sand 0.075 - 2.36

Silt 0.002 - 0.075

Clay <0.002









Fine sand 0.075 - 0.21



particle sizes




particle size






Term Proportion

of sand or

gravel

Example


Sand (40%)




sand



Term Proportion

of fines

Example


Clay (30%)




clay



Term Proportion

of coarser

fraction

Example


Gravel (40%)




gravel






together.

May 2019






follows:


(kPa)

Very soft VS <12

Soft S 12 - 25

Firm F 25 - 50

Stiff St 50 - 100


Hard H >200

Friable Fr -






are given below:

Relative Density


Very loose VL <15

Loose L 15-35


Dense D 65-85

Very dense VD >85












environment;


lakes;







man.






colour.



easily.


colour.





as follows:











May 2019








Point Load Index *

Is(50) MPa

Very low VL 0.6 - 2 0.03 - 0.1

Low L 2 - 6 0.1 - 0.3

Medium M 6 - 20 0.3 - 1.0

High H 20 - 60 1 - 3

Very high VH 60 - 200 3 - 10















May 2019



Term Description







as:















May 2017




R Rotary drilling







� Water level


B Bulk sample

D Disturbed sample



W Water sample





V Shear vane (kPa)





the logs.

Defect Type

B Bedding plane

Cs Clay seam

Cv Cleavage

Cz Crushed zone

Ds Decomposed seam

F Fault

J Joint

Lam Lamination

Pt Parting

Sz Sheared Zone

V Vein

Orientation



h horizontal

v vertical

sh sub-horizontal

sv sub-vertical


cln clean

co coating

he healed

inf infilled

stn stained

ti tight

vn veneer

Coating Descriptor

ca calcite

cbs carbonaceous

cly clay

fe iron oxide

mn manganese

slt silty

Shape

cu curved

ir irregular

pl planar

st stepped

un undulating

Roughness

po polished

ro rough

sl slickensided

sm smooth

vr very rough

Other

fg fragmented

bnd band

qtz quartz

May 2017


Soils

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Road base

Filling

Concrete

Asphalt

Topsoil

Peat

Clay


Conglomerate


Sandstone


Siltstone


Coal

Limestone

Porphyry

Cobbles, boulders

Sandy gravel

Laminite

Silty sand

Clayey sand

Silty clay

Sandy clay

Gravelly clay

Shaly clay

Silt

Clayey silt

Sandy silt

Sand

Gravel

Talus

Gneiss

Quartzite


Granite

Tuff, breccia

Dacite, epidote

Í±·´ Ì§°»



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RHYODACITE IGNIMBRITE: fine to coarse grained,grey-blue, dry to moist, high strength, medium to slightlyweathered, slightly fractured


-refusal

0.15

0.7

0.8


1

2

RL

60

05

99

TEST PIT LOG

Depth(m)





Results &Comments


CLIENT:

PROJECT:

LOCATION:

PIT No: 11


DATE: 26/6/2020

SHEET 1 OF 1


1

2

Wa

ter

De

pth

Sa

mp

le

Description

of

Strata Gra

ph

icL

og

Typ

e





EASTING: 684546

NORTHING: 6091588


5 10 15 20


TOPSOIL FILL/Silty SAND (SM): fine to mediumgrained sand, grey, low plasticity fines, trace gravel to20mm in size, moist to dry, medium dense, FILL

RHYODACITE IGNIMBRITE: fine to coarse grained,brown, moist to dry, low to medium strength, highlyweathered, highly fractured, iron staining

-from 0.2m, medium to high strength, moderatelyweathered, fractured


-refusal

0.05

0.3


1

2

RL

59

75

96

TEST PIT LOG

Depth(m)





Results &Comments


CLIENT:

PROJECT:

LOCATION:

PIT No: 12


DATE: 26/6/2020

SHEET 1 OF 1


1

2

Wa

ter

De

pth

Sa

mp

le

Description

of

Strata Gra

ph

icL

og

Typ

e





EASTING: 684564

NORTHING: 6091608


5 10 15 20















Comments/

Limitations:














FS 604853


ABN 75 053 980 117



Hume ACT 2620

PO Box 1487

Fyshwick ACT 2609

Phone (02) 6260 2788

Fax (02) 6260 1147


Limitations





























materials.












July 2010











July 2010




4,6,7 N=13


15, 30/40 mm

July 2010




May 2019











Boulder >200

Cobble 63 - 200

Gravel 2.36 - 63

Sand 0.075 - 2.36

Silt 0.002 - 0.075

Clay <0.002









Fine sand 0.075 - 0.21



particle sizes




particle size






Term Proportion

of sand or

gravel

Example


Sand (40%)




sand



Term Proportion

of fines

Example


Clay (30%)




clay



Term Proportion

of coarser

fraction

Example


Gravel (40%)




gravel






together.

May 2019






follows:


(kPa)

Very soft VS <12

Soft S 12 - 25

Firm F 25 - 50

Stiff St 50 - 100


Hard H >200

Friable Fr -






are given below:

Relative Density


Very loose VL <15

Loose L 15-35


Dense D 65-85

Very dense VD >85












environment;


lakes;







man.






colour.



easily.


colour.





as follows:











May 2019








Point Load Index *

Is(50) MPa

Very low VL 0.6 - 2 0.03 - 0.1

Low L 2 - 6 0.1 - 0.3

Medium M 6 - 20 0.3 - 1.0

High H 20 - 60 1 - 3

Very high VH 60 - 200 3 - 10















May 2019



Term Description







as:















May 2017




R Rotary drilling







� Water level


B Bulk sample

D Disturbed sample



W Water sample





V Shear vane (kPa)





the logs.

Defect Type

B Bedding plane

Cs Clay seam

Cv Cleavage

Cz Crushed zone

Ds Decomposed seam

F Fault

J Joint

Lam Lamination

Pt Parting

Sz Sheared Zone

V Vein

Orientation



h horizontal

v vertical

sh sub-horizontal

sv sub-vertical


cln clean

co coating

he healed

inf infilled

stn stained

ti tight

vn veneer

Coating Descriptor

ca calcite

cbs carbonaceous

cly clay

fe iron oxide

mn manganese

slt silty

Shape

cu curved

ir irregular

pl planar

st stepped

un undulating

Roughness

po polished

ro rough

sl slickensided

sm smooth

vr very rough

Other

fg fragmented

bnd band

qtz quartz

May 2017


Soils

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Road base

Filling

Concrete

Asphalt

Topsoil

Peat

Clay


Conglomerate


Sandstone


Siltstone


Coal

Limestone

Porphyry

Cobbles, boulders

Sandy gravel

Laminite

Silty sand

Clayey sand

Silty clay

Sandy clay

Gravelly clay

Shaly clay

Silt

Clayey silt

Sandy silt

Sand

Gravel

Talus

Gneiss

Quartzite


Granite

Tuff, breccia

Dacite, epidote

Í±·´ Ì§°»



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RHYODACITE IGNIMBRITE: fine to coarse grained,brown, moist to dry, low to medium strength, highlyweathered, highly fractured, iron staining

-from 0.2m, medium to high strength, moderatelyweathered, fractured


-refusal

0.05

0.3


1

2

RL

59

75

96

TEST PIT LOG

Depth(m)





Results &Comments


CLIENT:

PROJECT:

LOCATION:

PIT No: 12


DATE: 26/6/2020

SHEET 1 OF 1


1

2

Wa

ter

De

pth

Sa

mp

le

Description

of

Strata Gra

ph

icL

og

Typ

e





EASTING: 684564

NORTHING: 6091608


5 10 15 20



FILL/Clayey GRAVEL (GC): fine to coarse grained,brown, low to medium plasticity fines, with fine to coarsegrained sand, trace cobbles to 100mm, dry to moist,dense, FILL

RHYODACITE IGNIMBRITE: fine to coarse grained,brown-grey, dry to moist, medium to high strength,moderately weathered, fractured, trace very lowstrength, extremely weathered rhyodacite


-refusal

0.1

0.5

0.7


1

2

RL

60

05

99

59

8

TEST PIT LOG

Depth(m)





Results &Comments


CLIENT:

PROJECT:

LOCATION:

PIT No: 13


DATE: 26/6/2020

SHEET 1 OF 1


1

2

Wa

ter

De

pth

Sa

mp

le

Description

of

Strata Gra

ph

icL

og

Typ

e

REMARKS: Logged based on the soil profile at the center of pit. Shallow high strength rock at 0.3m atsouthern end of pit. Surface levels and coordinates are approximate only and must not be reliedupon




EASTING: 684575

NORTHING: 6091588


5 10 15 20


FS 604853


ABN 75 053 980 117



Hume ACT 2620

PO Box 1487

Fyshwick ACT 2609

Phone (02) 6260 2788

Fax (02) 6260 1147


Site Classification Summary Report

Client Capital Estate Developments Pty Ltd Project No. 88231.20

Project Site Classification Date 31 Jul 2020

Address Block 4 Section 65, Denman Prospect Doc No. R.027.Rev0

Proposed Development

It is expected that a residential dwelling would be proposed for the site.

Site Description

The site is located within the recently developed Denman Prospect residential subdivision. At the time

of the site investigation, topsoil was spread, but the site was bare of vegetation. The site slopes from

the southwest to the north/northeast. A wet patch of ground was observed to the southeast of the site

on the neighbouring blocks.

Figure 1: Approximate test pit locations and site boundary.

of 4

Site Classification 88231.20.R.027.Rev0 Block 4 Section 65, Denman Prospect Jul 2020

Classification Procedure

Subsurface Conditions: The field work comprised the excavation of two test pits (Pits 13 and 14) using

a Kubota KX057-4 mini-excavator (~6 tonne) fitted with a 300 mm wide bucket to depths of

0.7 m – 0.3 m. The pits were logged onsite by a geotechnical engineer.

The approximate test location coordinates provided on the logs were determined on site using a hand-

held GPS which is accurate only to about 3 – 5 m. Surface levels have been broadly estimated from

the contour plan and must not be relied on. The approximate test locations and site boundary are shown

on Figure 1 above.

Details of the subsurface conditions encountered are summarised in the attached logs. The logs must

be read in conjunction with the attached notes that define classification methods and terms used to

describe the soils and rocks. A brief description of each test pit is provided below.

Test Pit 13: Silty sand topsoil fill to 0.1 m depth, then clayey gravel controlled fill to 0.5 m depth, overlying

medium to high strength rhyodacite ignimbrite the refusal depth of 0.7 m.

Test Pit 14: Silty sand topsoil fill to 0.05 m depth, then medium plasticity gravelly clay regrade fill to

0.2 m depth, overlying high strength rhyodacite ignimbrite the refusal depth of 0.3 m.

No free groundwater was observed during the site investigation.

Bulk Earthworks

During subdivision construction, controlled fill was placed within the block under Level 1 control as

defined in AS 3798:2007.

Site Classification

Due to the potential groundwater issue (the wet ground to the southeast of the block is likely due to a

groundwater spring), the site is classified as a Class P (problem site) based on limited subsurface

information and determined in general accordance with the requirements of AS 2870:2011.

However, it should be noted that the slope of the site is likely to lead to adjustments to levels through

cut and fill operations, which are likely to generate the following outcomes:

• If the prepared building pad exposes weathered rock over its entirety, a Class A classification may

be appropriate provided groundwater seepages are controlled.

• If surface and/or subsurface drains are installed to control the adverse moisture conditions, the site

in its current profile could be re-classified as worst case Class M* (moderately reactive/filled site)

due to the controlled fill at the southern portion of the site.

Furthermore, the following should be noted:

• The majority of the site in its current profile would be equivalent to Class S (slightly reactive)

conditions due to the presence of shallow rock.

of 4


• The classification must be reassessed should the soil profile change either by adding fill or

removing soil from the block and/or if the presence of service trenches or retaining walls are within

the zone of influence of the block.

Footing Systems

Design must be based on engineering principles (i.e. Class P conditions) by a suitably qualified

structural engineer taking into consideration any onsite or offsite constraints. Due to the relatively

shallow depth of rock, it is recommended that the dwelling found on weathered rock. It is possible that

rock will be exposed in site cut, therefore all footings should be found in that same material to avoid

differential settlements. Dwelling design will need to ensure uniform moisture conditions are maintained

in the vicinity of the footings otherwise footing performance could be compromised.

All footings should found within a uniform bearing stratum of suitable strength/material as detailed in

AS 2870:2011, below the zone of influence of any uncontrolled fill, service trenches or pipes, retaining

walls or underground structures. Masonry walls should be articulated in accordance with current best

practice.

Maintenance Guidelines Reference should be made to the attached CSIRO Sheet BTF 18 ‘Foundation Maintenance & Footing

Performance’ to comments about gardens, landscaping and trees on the performance of foundation

soils and in particular in respect to maintaining good surface drainage. It notes that minor cracking in

most structures is inevitable, and it describes site maintenance practices aimed at minimising foundation

movements that can lead to cracking damage.

Comments

• The successful purchaser must make their own interpretations, deductions and conclusions from

the information made available and will need to accept full responsibility for such interpretations,

deductions and conclusions.

• Development specific geotechnical investigations must be undertaken.

• Additional topsoils/fill may have been spread subsequent to the investigation.

• Some variability in subsurface conditions must be anticipated.

• Site preparation prior to the construction of a dwelling should include removal of all vegetation,

topsoil and uncontrolled fill.

• All new fill must be placed under controlled conditions (AS 3798:2007). If fill is placed uncontrolled,

those areas would require a Class P site classification and deemed not suitable to support loading.

• Hard rock excavation must be anticipated across majority of the site should depths be greater than

the test pit depths. Site excavation depths should take into consideration the depth to rock to reduce

construction costs.

of 4


• It is recommended that footing excavations be inspected by a geotechnical engineer.

• Moisture condition of site soils and/or the presence of groundwater may vary considerably from

time of investigation compared to at the time of construction. Groundwater springs and/or flows are

likely to be more prominent after heavy or prolonged rainfall. Excavations could intercept

groundwater flows; therefore it is recommended all retaining walls are water proofed and drainage

installed behind them.

• Consideration must be given to the performance of service pipes should they be installed in fill.

• Drainage measures must be installed to manage groundwater seepages.

• Further advice on control of groundwater should be obtained from an experienced geotechnical

engineer following completion of concept designs of the proposed dwelling.

References

AS 2870:2011, Residential Slabs and Footings, Standards Australia.

AS 3798:2007, Guidelines on Earthworks for Commercial and Residential Developments, Standards

Australia.

Limitations


Douglas Partners Pty Ltd Reviewed by

Guanghui Meng Michael Jones

Geotechnical Engineer Principal

Attachments: Limitations

About this Report

Explanatory Notes

Test Pit Logs (Pits 13 and 14)

CSIRO Publication

FS 604853


ABN 75 053 980 117



Hume ACT 2620

PO Box 1487

Fyshwick ACT 2609

Phone (02) 6260 2788

Fax (02) 6260 1147


Limitations

Douglas Partners (DP) has prepared this report for this project at Block 4 Section 65, Denman Prospect in

accordance with DP’s proposal dated 29 May 2019 and acceptance received from Capital Estate



























materials.












July 2010











July 2010




4,6,7 N=13


15, 30/40 mm

July 2010




May 2019











Boulder >200

Cobble 63 - 200

Gravel 2.36 - 63

Sand 0.075 - 2.36

Silt 0.002 - 0.075

Clay <0.002









Fine sand 0.075 - 0.21



particle sizes




particle size






Term Proportion

of sand or

gravel

Example


Sand (40%)




sand



Term Proportion

of fines

Example


Clay (30%)




clay



Term Proportion

of coarser

fraction

Example


Gravel (40%)




gravel






together.

May 2019






follows:


(kPa)

Very soft VS <12

Soft S 12 - 25

Firm F 25 - 50

Stiff St 50 - 100


Hard H >200

Friable Fr -






are given below:

Relative Density


Very loose VL <15

Loose L 15-35


Dense D 65-85

Very dense VD >85












environment;


lakes;







man.






colour.



easily.


colour.





as follows:











May 2019








Point Load Index *

Is(50) MPa

Very low VL 0.6 - 2 0.03 - 0.1

Low L 2 - 6 0.1 - 0.3

Medium M 6 - 20 0.3 - 1.0

High H 20 - 60 1 - 3

Very high VH 60 - 200 3 - 10















May 2019



Term Description







as:















May 2017




R Rotary drilling







� Water level


B Bulk sample

D Disturbed sample



W Water sample





V Shear vane (kPa)





the logs.

Defect Type

B Bedding plane

Cs Clay seam

Cv Cleavage

Cz Crushed zone

Ds Decomposed seam

F Fault

J Joint

Lam Lamination

Pt Parting

Sz Sheared Zone

V Vein

Orientation



h horizontal

v vertical

sh sub-horizontal

sv sub-vertical


cln clean

co coating

he healed

inf infilled

stn stained

ti tight

vn veneer

Coating Descriptor

ca calcite

cbs carbonaceous

cly clay

fe iron oxide

mn manganese

slt silty

Shape

cu curved

ir irregular

pl planar

st stepped

un undulating

Roughness

po polished

ro rough

sl slickensided

sm smooth

vr very rough

Other

fg fragmented

bnd band

qtz quartz

May 2017


Soils

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Road base

Filling

Concrete

Asphalt

Topsoil

Peat

Clay


Conglomerate


Sandstone


Siltstone


Coal

Limestone

Porphyry

Cobbles, boulders

Sandy gravel

Laminite

Silty sand

Clayey sand

Silty clay

Sandy clay

Gravelly clay

Shaly clay

Silt

Clayey silt

Sandy silt

Sand

Gravel

Talus

Gneiss

Quartzite


Granite

Tuff, breccia

Dacite, epidote


FILL/Clayey GRAVEL (GC): fine to coarse grained,brown, low to medium plasticity fines, with fine to coarsegrained sand, trace cobbles to 100mm, dry to moist,dense, FILL

RHYODACITE IGNIMBRITE: fine to coarse grained,brown-grey, dry to moist, medium to high strength,moderately weathered, fractured, trace very lowstrength, extremely weathered rhyodacite


-refusal

0.1

0.5

0.7


1

2

RL

60

05

99

59

8

TEST PIT LOG

Depth(m)





Results &Comments


CLIENT:

PROJECT:

LOCATION:

PIT No: 13


DATE: 26/6/2020

SHEET 1 OF 1


1

2

Wa

ter

De

pth

Sa

mp

le

Description

of

Strata Gra

ph

icL

og

Typ

e

REMARKS: Logged based on the soil profile at the center of pit. Shallow high strength rock at 0.3m atsouthern end of pit. Surface levels and coordinates are approximate only and must not be reliedupon




EASTING: 684575

NORTHING: 6091588


5 10 15 20



FILL/Gravelly CLAY (CI): medium plasticity, brown,some grey, fine to coarse grained sand, dry to moist,w<PL, hard, regrade FILL

RHYODACITE IGNIMBRITE: fine to coarse grained,brown, dark brown, dry to moist, high strength,moderately weathered, fractured, iron staining


-refusal

0.05

0.2

0.3


1

2

RL

59

75

96

TEST PIT LOG

Depth(m)





Results &Comments


CLIENT:

PROJECT:

LOCATION:

PIT No: 14


DATE: 29/6/2020

SHEET 1 OF 1


1

2

Wa

ter

De

pth

Sa

mp

le

Description

of

Strata Gra

ph

icL

og

Typ

e





EASTING: 684593

NORTHING: 6091603


5 10 15 20


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Û³¿·´æ °«¾´·¸·²¹ò¿´»à½·®±ò¿«


Ù¿®¼»² º±® ¿ ®»¿½¬·ª» ·¬»

FS 604853


ABN 75 053 980 117



Hume ACT 2620

PO Box 1487

Fyshwick ACT 2609

Phone (02) 6260 2788

Fax (02) 6260 1147








Site Description



the southwest to the northeast. A wet patch of ground was observed to the south of the site on the

neighbouring blocks.


of 4




a Kubota KX057-4 mini-excavator (~6 tonne) fitted with a 300 mm wide bucket to 0.3 m and 1.7 m

depths. The pits were logged onsite by a geotechnical engineer.




on Figure 1 above.





0.2 m depth, overlying high strength rhyodacite ignimbrite to the refusal depth of 0.3 m.

Test Pit 15: Silty sand topsoil fill to 0.1 m depth, clayey gravel controlled fill to 0.5 m depth, then medium

plasticity sandy clay to 0.9 m depth overlying low to medium strength tuff to a slow progress depth of

1.7 m.


Bulk Earthworks



Site Classification










due to controlled fill and clay at the southern portion of the site.


of 4







Footing Systems










practice.






Comments











of 4




construction costs.











References



Australia.

Limitations






About this Report

Explanatory Notes


CSIRO Publication

FS 604853


ABN 75 053 980 117



Hume ACT 2620

PO Box 1487

Fyshwick ACT 2609

Phone (02) 6260 2788

Fax (02) 6260 1147


Limitations





























materials.












July 2010











July 2010




4,6,7 N=13


15, 30/40 mm

July 2010




May 2019











Boulder >200

Cobble 63 - 200

Gravel 2.36 - 63

Sand 0.075 - 2.36

Silt 0.002 - 0.075

Clay <0.002









Fine sand 0.075 - 0.21



particle sizes




particle size






Term Proportion

of sand or

gravel

Example


Sand (40%)




sand



Term Proportion

of fines

Example


Clay (30%)




clay



Term Proportion

of coarser

fraction

Example


Gravel (40%)




gravel






together.

May 2019






follows:


(kPa)

Very soft VS <12

Soft S 12 - 25

Firm F 25 - 50

Stiff St 50 - 100


Hard H >200

Friable Fr -






are given below:

Relative Density


Very loose VL <15

Loose L 15-35


Dense D 65-85

Very dense VD >85












environment;


lakes;







man.






colour.



easily.


colour.





as follows:











May 2019








Point Load Index *

Is(50) MPa

Very low VL 0.6 - 2 0.03 - 0.1

Low L 2 - 6 0.1 - 0.3

Medium M 6 - 20 0.3 - 1.0

High H 20 - 60 1 - 3

Very high VH 60 - 200 3 - 10















May 2019



Term Description







as:















May 2017




R Rotary drilling







� Water level


B Bulk sample

D Disturbed sample



W Water sample





V Shear vane (kPa)





the logs.

Defect Type

B Bedding plane

Cs Clay seam

Cv Cleavage

Cz Crushed zone

Ds Decomposed seam

F Fault

J Joint

Lam Lamination

Pt Parting

Sz Sheared Zone

V Vein

Orientation



h horizontal

v vertical

sh sub-horizontal

sv sub-vertical


cln clean

co coating

he healed

inf infilled

stn stained

ti tight

vn veneer

Coating Descriptor

ca calcite

cbs carbonaceous

cly clay

fe iron oxide

mn manganese

slt silty

Shape

cu curved

ir irregular

pl planar

st stepped

un undulating

Roughness

po polished

ro rough

sl slickensided

sm smooth

vr very rough

Other

fg fragmented

bnd band

qtz quartz

May 2017


Soils

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Road base

Filling

Concrete

Asphalt

Topsoil

Peat

Clay


Conglomerate


Sandstone


Siltstone


Coal

Limestone

Porphyry

Cobbles, boulders

Sandy gravel

Laminite

Silty sand

Clayey sand

Silty clay

Sandy clay

Gravelly clay

Shaly clay

Silt

Clayey silt

Sandy silt

Sand

Gravel

Talus

Gneiss

Quartzite


Granite

Tuff, breccia

Dacite, epidote





-refusal

0.05

0.2

0.3


1

2

RL

59

75

96

TEST PIT LOG

Depth(m)





Results &Comments


CLIENT:

PROJECT:

LOCATION:

PIT No: 14


DATE: 29/6/2020

SHEET 1 OF 1


1

2

Wa

ter

De

pth

Sa

mp

le

Description

of

Strata Gra

ph

icL

og

Typ

e





EASTING: 684593

NORTHING: 6091603


5 10 15 20



FILL/Clayey GRAVEL (GC): fine to coarse gravel,yellow-brown, medium plasticity fines, with fine tocoarse grained sand, trace cobbles and boulders, dry tomoist, dense, FILL

Sandy CLAY (CI): medium plasticity, pale yellow-grey,some orange, fine to coarse grained sand, trace fine tocoarse gravel and rock fragments, moist to dry, w<PL,hard, residual

TUFF: fine to coarse grained, pink, pale yellow-grey, dryto moist, low to medium strength, highly weathered,highly fractured


-slow progress

0.1

0.5

0.9

1.7


1

2

RL

59

95

98

59

7

TEST PIT LOG

Depth(m)





Results &Comments


CLIENT:

PROJECT:

LOCATION:

PIT No: 15


DATE: 29/6/2020

SHEET 1 OF 1


1

2

Wa

ter

De

pth

Sa

mp

le

Description

of

Strata Gra

ph

icL

og

Typ

e





EASTING: 684607

NORTHING: 6091581


5 10 15 20


D

D

0.6

1.6

Í±·´ Ì§°»



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Ù¿®¼»² º±® ¿ ®»¿½¬·ª» ·¬»

FS 604853


ABN 75 053 980 117



Hume ACT 2620

PO Box 1487

Fyshwick ACT 2609

Phone (02) 6260 2788

Fax (02) 6260 1147








Site Description



the southwest to the northeast. A wet patch of ground was observed to the southwest of the site on the

neighbouring blocks.


of 4




a Kubota KX057-4 mini-excavator (~6 tonne) fitted with a 300 mm wide bucket to 1.7 m and 0.4 m

depths. The pits were logged onsite by a geotechnical engineer.




on Figure 1 above.




Test Pit 15: Silty sand topsoil fill to 0.1 m depth, clayey gravel controlled fill to 0.5 m depth, then medium

plasticity sandy clay to 0.9 m depth overlying low to medium strength tuff to a slow progress depth of

1.7 m.


0.2 m depth overlying rhyodacitic ignimbrite to a pit refusal depth of 0.4 m.


Bulk Earthworks



Site Classification










due to controlled fill and sandy clay at the southern portion of the site.

of 4








Footing Systems










practice.






Comments











of 4




construction costs.











References



Australia.

Limitations






About this Report

Explanatory Notes


CSIRO Publication

FS 604853


ABN 75 053 980 117



Hume ACT 2620

PO Box 1487

Fyshwick ACT 2609

Phone (02) 6260 2788

Fax (02) 6260 1147


Limitations





























materials.












July 2010











July 2010




4,6,7 N=13


15, 30/40 mm

July 2010




May 2019











Boulder >200

Cobble 63 - 200

Gravel 2.36 - 63

Sand 0.075 - 2.36

Silt 0.002 - 0.075

Clay <0.002









Fine sand 0.075 - 0.21



particle sizes




particle size






Term Proportion

of sand or

gravel

Example


Sand (40%)




sand



Term Proportion

of fines

Example


Clay (30%)




clay



Term Proportion

of coarser

fraction

Example


Gravel (40%)




gravel






together.

May 2019






follows:


(kPa)

Very soft VS <12

Soft S 12 - 25

Firm F 25 - 50

Stiff St 50 - 100


Hard H >200

Friable Fr -






are given below:

Relative Density


Very loose VL <15

Loose L 15-35


Dense D 65-85

Very dense VD >85












environment;


lakes;







man.






colour.



easily.


colour.





as follows:











May 2019








Point Load Index *

Is(50) MPa

Very low VL 0.6 - 2 0.03 - 0.1

Low L 2 - 6 0.1 - 0.3

Medium M 6 - 20 0.3 - 1.0

High H 20 - 60 1 - 3

Very high VH 60 - 200 3 - 10















May 2019



Term Description







as:















May 2017




R Rotary drilling







� Water level


B Bulk sample

D Disturbed sample



W Water sample





V Shear vane (kPa)





the logs.

Defect Type

B Bedding plane

Cs Clay seam

Cv Cleavage

Cz Crushed zone

Ds Decomposed seam

F Fault

J Joint

Lam Lamination

Pt Parting

Sz Sheared Zone

V Vein

Orientation



h horizontal

v vertical

sh sub-horizontal

sv sub-vertical


cln clean

co coating

he healed

inf infilled

stn stained

ti tight

vn veneer

Coating Descriptor

ca calcite

cbs carbonaceous

cly clay

fe iron oxide

mn manganese

slt silty

Shape

cu curved

ir irregular

pl planar

st stepped

un undulating

Roughness

po polished

ro rough

sl slickensided

sm smooth

vr very rough

Other

fg fragmented

bnd band

qtz quartz

May 2017


Soils

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Road base

Filling

Concrete

Asphalt

Topsoil

Peat

Clay


Conglomerate


Sandstone


Siltstone


Coal

Limestone

Porphyry

Cobbles, boulders

Sandy gravel

Laminite

Silty sand

Clayey sand

Silty clay

Sandy clay

Gravelly clay

Shaly clay

Silt

Clayey silt

Sandy silt

Sand

Gravel

Talus

Gneiss

Quartzite


Granite

Tuff, breccia

Dacite, epidote


FILL/Clayey GRAVEL (GC): fine to coarse gravel,yellow-brown, medium plasticity fines, with fine tocoarse grained sand, trace cobbles and boulders, dry tomoist, dense, FILL

Sandy CLAY (CI): medium plasticity, pale yellow-grey,some orange, fine to coarse grained sand, trace fine tocoarse gravel and rock fragments, moist to dry, w<PL,hard, residual

TUFF: fine to coarse grained, pink, pale yellow-grey, dryto moist, low to medium strength, highly weathered,highly fractured


-slow progress

0.1

0.5

0.9

1.7


1

2

RL

59

95

98

59

7

TEST PIT LOG

Depth(m)





Results &Comments


CLIENT:

PROJECT:

LOCATION:

PIT No: 15


DATE: 29/6/2020

SHEET 1 OF 1


1

2

Wa

ter

De

pth

Sa

mp

le

Description

of

Strata Gra

ph

icL

og

Typ

e





EASTING: 684607

NORTHING: 6091581


5 10 15 20


D

D

0.6

1.6





-refusal

0.05

0.2

0.4


1

2

RL

59

75

96

59

5

TEST PIT LOG

Depth(m)





Results &Comments


CLIENT:

PROJECT:

LOCATION:

PIT No: 16


DATE: 29/6/2020

SHEET 1 OF 1


1

2

Wa

ter

De

pth

Sa

mp

le

Description

of

Strata Gra

ph

icL

og

Typ

e





EASTING: 684627

NORTHING: 6091597


5 10 15 20


Í±·´ Ì§°»



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Comments/

Limitations:














FS 604853


ABN 75 053 980 117



Hume ACT 2620

PO Box 1487

Fyshwick ACT 2609

Phone (02) 6260 2788

Fax (02) 6260 1147


Limitations





























materials.












July 2010











July 2010




4,6,7 N=13


15, 30/40 mm

July 2010




May 2019











Boulder >200

Cobble 63 - 200

Gravel 2.36 - 63

Sand 0.075 - 2.36

Silt 0.002 - 0.075

Clay <0.002









Fine sand 0.075 - 0.21



particle sizes




particle size






Term Proportion

of sand or

gravel

Example


Sand (40%)




sand



Term Proportion

of fines

Example


Clay (30%)




clay



Term Proportion

of coarser

fraction

Example


Gravel (40%)




gravel






together.

May 2019






follows:


(kPa)

Very soft VS <12

Soft S 12 - 25

Firm F 25 - 50

Stiff St 50 - 100


Hard H >200

Friable Fr -






are given below:

Relative Density


Very loose VL <15

Loose L 15-35


Dense D 65-85

Very dense VD >85












environment;


lakes;







man.






colour.



easily.


colour.





as follows:











May 2019








Point Load Index *

Is(50) MPa

Very low VL 0.6 - 2 0.03 - 0.1

Low L 2 - 6 0.1 - 0.3

Medium M 6 - 20 0.3 - 1.0

High H 20 - 60 1 - 3

Very high VH 60 - 200 3 - 10















May 2019



Term Description







as:















May 2017




R Rotary drilling







� Water level


B Bulk sample

D Disturbed sample



W Water sample





V Shear vane (kPa)





the logs.

Defect Type

B Bedding plane

Cs Clay seam

Cv Cleavage

Cz Crushed zone

Ds Decomposed seam

F Fault

J Joint

Lam Lamination

Pt Parting

Sz Sheared Zone

V Vein

Orientation



h horizontal

v vertical

sh sub-horizontal

sv sub-vertical


cln clean

co coating

he healed

inf infilled

stn stained

ti tight

vn veneer

Coating Descriptor

ca calcite

cbs carbonaceous

cly clay

fe iron oxide

mn manganese

slt silty

Shape

cu curved

ir irregular

pl planar

st stepped

un undulating

Roughness

po polished

ro rough

sl slickensided

sm smooth

vr very rough

Other

fg fragmented

bnd band

qtz quartz

May 2017


Soils

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Road base

Filling

Concrete

Asphalt

Topsoil

Peat

Clay


Conglomerate


Sandstone


Siltstone


Coal

Limestone

Porphyry

Cobbles, boulders

Sandy gravel

Laminite

Silty sand

Clayey sand

Silty clay

Sandy clay

Gravelly clay

Shaly clay

Silt

Clayey silt

Sandy silt

Sand

Gravel

Talus

Gneiss

Quartzite


Granite

Tuff, breccia

Dacite, epidote

Í±·´ Ì§°»



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FILL/Sandy CLAY (CL/CI): low to medium plasticity,brown, fine to coarse grained sand, trace gravel, moistto dry, w<PL, hard, regrade FILL

Sandy CLAY (CI): medium plasticity, paleorange-brown, fine to coarse grained sand, trace gravel,dry to moist, w<PL, very stiff to hard, residual

TUFF SANDSTONE: fine to medium grained, orange,yellow-brown, dry to moist, medium to high strength,moderately weathered, fractured


-refusal

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8


1

2

RL

59

65

95

TEST PIT LOG

Depth(m)





Results &Comments


CLIENT:

PROJECT:

LOCATION:

PIT No: 17


DATE: 29/6/2020

SHEET 1 OF 1


1

2

Wa

ter

De

pth

Sa

mp

le

Description

of

Strata Gra

ph

icL

og

Typ

e





EASTING: 684655

NORTHING: 6091593


5 10 15 20


D

D

0.5

0.7


FILL/Sandy CLAY (CI): medium plasticity, yellow-brown,some orange, fine to coarse grained sand, with fine tocoarse gravel, dry to moist, w<PL, hard, FILL

TUFFACEOUS SANDSTONE: fine to medium grained,grey-brown, dry to moist, medium to high strength,moderately weathered, fractured


-refusal

0.2

0.5

0.7


1

2

RL

59

75

96

TEST PIT LOG

Depth(m)





Results &Comments


CLIENT:

PROJECT:

LOCATION:

PIT No: 18


DATE: 26/6/2020

SHEET 1 OF 1


1

2

Wa

ter

De

pth

Sa

mp

le

Description

of

Strata Gra

ph

icL

og

Typ

e





EASTING: 684633

NORTHING: 6091583


5 10 15 20


D 0.6

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