SITE ANALYSIS-Ahamed.M.VASSIGNMENT 1 - GREEN RATING SYSTEMSV SEM 'A'LEED - Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design(LEED) is a set of rating systems for the design, construction, operation, and maintenance ofgreen buildings, homes, and neighborhoods. Developed by theU.S. Green Building Council(USGBC), LEED helps building owners and operators be environmentally responsible and use resources efficiently. Proposals to modify the LEED standards are offered and publicly reviewed by USGBC's member organizations, which number almost 20,000.From 1994 to 2006, LEED grew from one standard for new construction to a comprehensive system of interrelated standards covering all aspects of the development and construction process. LEED also has grown from six volunteers on one committee to more than 200 volunteers on nearly 20 committees and nearly 150 professional staff. LEED standards have been applied to more than 7,000 projects in the United States and 30 countries, covering more than 1.5 billion square feet (140km) . Many U.S. federal agencies and state and local governments require or reward LEED certification. However, four states (Alabama, Georgia, Maine, and Mississippi) have effectively banned the use of LEED in new public buildings, preferring other industry standards that the USGBC considers too lax. USGBC'sGreen Building Certification Institute(GBCI) offers various accreditations to people who demonstrate knowledge of the LEED rating system, including LEED Accredited Professional (LEED AP), LEED Green Associate,and since 2011, LEED Fellows, the highest designation for LEED professionals. GBCI also certifies projects pursuing LEED.Five overarching categories correspond to the specialties available under the LEED Accredited Professional program. That suite currently consists of: Green Building Design & Construction Green Interior Design & Construction Green Building Operations & Maintenance Green Neighborhood Development Green Home Design and Construction LEED Certified buildings in IndiaWiproTechnologies,GurgaonWipro Campus, Gurgaon is aPlatinum Rated LEEDcertified Green Buildingby IGBC (under the umbrella of USGBC). The main focus of the design is the inverted cone, strategically located at the cross junction of two roads to give visibility to the building. A key highlight of the building is a controlled, open to sky landscape courtyard that will contribute towards keeping the building cool during summers. All open office spaces overlook the courtyard, thus allowing good access to daylight.The Wipro Campus is an exemplary energy efficient building. Notable features include - a reduced overall conductance for the envelops, terrace gardens, high performance grass with optimum visual light transmittance, exterior light shelves and over hangs for all windows, efficient chillers, efficient lighting using lamps and ample daylight spaces with photo sensor controls.

GRIHA - Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment, is a guiding and performance-oriented system where points are earned for meeting the design and performance intent of the criteria. Each criterion has a number of points assigned to it.GRIHA has a 100 point system consisting of some core points, which are mandatory to be met while the rest are optional points, which can be earned by complying with the commitment of the criterion for which the point is allocated. Different levels of certification (one star to five stars) are awarded based on the number of points earned. The minimum points required for certification is 50.

Human Habitats (buildings) interact with the environment in various ways. Throughout their life cycles, from construction to operation and then demolition, they consume resources in the form of energy, water, materials, etc. and emit wastes either directly in the form of municipal wastes or indirectly as emissions from electricity generation.

GRIHA attempts to quantify aspects such as energy consumption, waste generation, renewable energy adoption, etc. so as to manage, control and reduce the same to the best possible extent. However, most of the rating systems devised have been tailored to suit the building industry of the country where they were developed. This tool, by its qualitative and quantitative assessment criteria, is able to rate a building on the degree of its 'greenness'.The system has been developed to help design and evaluate new buildings (buildings that are still at the inception stages). A building is assessed based on its predicted performance over its entire life cycle inception through operation. The stages of the life cycle that have been identified for evaluation are: Pre-construction stage: (intra- and inter-site issues like proximity to public transport, type of soil, kind of land, where the property is located, the flora and fauna on the land before construction activity starts, the natural landscape and land features). Building planning and construction stages: (issues of resource conservation and reduction in resource demand, resource utilization efficiency, resource recovery and reuse, and provisions for occupant health and well-being). The prime resources that are considered in this section are land, water, energy, air, and green cover. Building operation and maintenance stage: (issues of operation and maintenance of building systems and processes, monitoring and recording of energy consumption, and occupant health and well-being, and also issues that affect the global and local environment).Some of the benefits of a green design to a building owner, user, and the society as a whole are as follows: Reduced energy consumption without sacrificing the comfort levels Reduced destruction of natural areas, habitats, and biodiversity, and reduced soil loss from erosion etc. Reduced air and water pollution (with direct health benefits) Reduced water consumption Limited waste generation due to recycling and reuse Reduced pollution loads Increased user productivity Enhanced image and marketability