Restoration and 18 th and 19 th Century

The beginning

-The _______________________________________ were also called the Great

Rebellion. The wars were fought between the _____________________________ and

the _________________________________________. In 1649,

_______________________________ is captured, tried, and beheaded. In 1651, the

____________________________ finally ended with the flight of

____________________________________ to France.

-The Roundhead leader ______________________________________________

establishes authoritarian control over ______________________________________.

This era is known as _____________________________________________________.

In 1658, _______________________________________________ dies and his

________________________ succeeds him, but is ultimately ineffectual. In 1660,

___________________________________________ resumes the throne, and the

House of ____________________________________ is restored. Because of this, the

following years are known as the __________________________________________,

until about 1700.

-The prevailing _____________________________________ mentality of

Cromwell and the Parliamentarians leads to the outlawing of _____________________

from 1642-1647. Theatre is then vigorously suppressed from 1649-1660, although

_______________________________________________ were not banned. The

________________________________Theatre is torn down. Interiors of other

________________________________________________ are dismantled. A

_____________ is passed ordering that all ________________________________ be

apprehended as “_____________________________”. Even still,

_____________________________ still find ways and places to perform. Quite often,

___________________________________ were bribed to look the other way.

-In 1660, _______________________________________ returned from France

and restored the English throne to its former glory. Upon his Restoration, Charles II

immediately reversed ___________________________________ sobriety by

encouraging the kind of entertainment and __________________________________

activities that he had seen during his years of ____________________________ at the

__________________________________ court.

Restoration

-Many of the “Wooden O” theatres were being torn down. This made room for

the common usage of the _________________ stage. __________________ and

____________________ were now being used to light theatres which allowed

performances to be held at night. ________________were allowed to legally act on

stage. The ________________ was much more believable and technical. Fake stage

walls called ___________________________ were built to show

_______________________ and were layered to show ______________.

- Until about 1680, the most prominent genre of play was the

_____________________________________________. Without many plays to choose

from and even fewer playwrights, theatre __________________________________

had to rely on ____________________________________________________ plays.

The two playwrights most used were _______________________________________

and ______________________________________.

-The heroic play/tragedy was modeled after French

____________________________________________ tragedy. It was written in

rhyming ________________________________________ couplets. It presented

________________________________________ of almost

_________________________________________ stature. It has predominant themes

that were exalted ideals of _____________________________,

____________________________, and _________________________________. The

heroic play was based on the traditional _________________________ or

__________________________________. The most popular writer of heroic plays was

__________________________________________. Although Dryden continued to use

the form through the mid-1670s, the genre had largely died out by

_________________. The term applies to plays with all of the attributes given above,

by written in ________________________________________________.

-The heroic play was usually set in ______________________________

locations. The stories revolved around rival claims of ________________________.

There were ______________________ and ____________________, rants and

____________________________, ________________________ battles, and rich

__________________________________. The __________________________ felt

that moral concerns were __________________________________ and

________________________________. The heroic plays were the opposite:

_________________________________ and _________________________________.

In ______________________________________________, the moral is all too clear:

Antony must choose between the path of _____________________________ and his

illicit passion for _____________________________________. He chooses Cleopatra,

and they are both ________________________________________.

-John Dryden was an English __________________, dramatist, and literary

__________________________ who so dominated the literary scene of his day that it

came to be known as the _________________________________________________.

He joined the little band of ________________________________ who were writing

new ______________________________ for the revived English theatre.

______________________________________________, his first play, was a farcical

comedy with a good deal of licentious dialogue.

________________________________________________ was his first heroic play.

-Restoration theatre is most noted for the _____________________________

___________________________________. Values had changed since Shakespeare’s

day; the new audience consisted of fashionable young ________________________

and _________________________________, self-indulgent _____________________

and _______________________ who prized glittering conversation and were

interested only in seeing themselves on ___________________________, no matter

how satirical the _________________________________. Thus came about the

____________________________________ comedy of manners, which was heavily

influenced by __________________________________, but chilled with the dry wit of

the London _____________________________________________. Romance and

emotion gave way to __________________________________ in sophisticated plays

about cuckoldry, gossip, _____________________________, and sexual license, yet

tempered with a strong sense of _________________________________.

-A comedy of manners is a witty, ___________________________________

form of comedy that depicts and often _________________________________ the

manners and affectations of a contemporary _______________________________. It

is concerned with _________________________________ usage and the whether or

not characters meet a certain _________________________________ standards. The

_____________________________ is subordinate to the play’s brittle

________________________________________, pithy _________________________,

and pungent ________________________________________ on human foibles.

-The characteristics of a Comedy of Manners are witty _____________________,

sophisticated _________________________________, cleverly constructed

______________________________, rapid twists in events, often precipitated by

___________________________________________, typically set in a world of the

___________________________________________, ridicules the pretensions of those

that consider themselves socially _______________________________, deflating

these people with ___________________________________, comments on

___________________________________ and mores of society and explores

_____________________________________ between the sexes,

_____________________________________ is a frequent subject, and there is little

depth of _________________________________________________.

-A Comedy of Manners is usually written by sophisticated __________________

for members of their own coterie or __________________________________, and has

historically thrived in periods and societies that combined material

__________________________________ and moral___________________________.

The playwrights who took aim at affected _________________________ and acquired

______________________________, and satirized these qualities in caricatured

_________________________________ with label-like names such as

______________________________________, or ___________________________.

- Playwrights and Plays

-Some of the more famous plays of the restoration were

_____________________________________________by Moliere, and

_________________________________by William Wycherly. Post-restoration

playwrights and plays were popular with audiences were

__________________________________________by William Congrieve,

__________________________________by Oliver Goldsmith, and

_____________________________________ and

_____________________________________ by Richard Brinsley Sheridan. Sheridan is

credited as writing some of the best English _____________________________since

Shakespeare. In the 19th century, the tradition was carried on by _________________

______________________ with Lady Windermere’s Fan and The Importance of Being

Earnest. In the 20th century, the COM reappeared in the “drawing room plays” of

_________________________________, Somerset Maugham, Phillip Barry, and

___________________________________________.

-Comedies of Manners were influenced by the New Comedy works of ancient

Greek playwright ________________________________. In turn, Menander’s plays

were imitated by the Roman poets _________________________________ and

_________________________________, whose plays were widely known and copied

during the _______________________________________. Another influence was the

prolific playwright ___________________________________.

-Most plays used the literary form of ________________________. It was more

a tool than a _________________________. Satire is when human

________________, follies, _________________________, or shortcomings are held

up to _________________________________ by means of ridicule,

___________________, burlesque, irony, ___________________________, caricature,

or other methods, sometimes with an intent to inspire

________________________________________. Satire is complex word that signifies

not only a kind of __________________________, but also a mocking

______________________, or tone found in many literary genres. Essentially, it can be

present in almost any kind of human

_________________________________________ because

“______________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________.”

In literary works, satire can be __________________________ or

_____________________________.

-__________________________________--the narrator speaks directly to the

reader.

-__________________________________--the author’s intent is realized within

the narrative and its story.

-Other Restoration genres were _____________________________, Comedy of

__________________________, Comedy of ______________________________,

which consisted of complicated conspiracies and stratagems that dominated the plot;

these plays had complex ___________________ and ___________________________

and were often based on ridiculous and contrived ______________________________

with large doses of ____________________________________ humor. The first

Englishwoman known for to make her living writing plays was ____________________

_________________________.

-London eventually passed a licensing act which limited plays to only 2 public

theatres --The ________________________________ and The

_____________________________________. These theatres were called

________________________theatres because they were licensed. Today,

________________________ theatre generally means a theatre that shows plays

rather than movies.

the 18th century

-______________________________________ was both and actor and a

director who created a more realistic style of acting that mimicked real life.

___________________________________ and ______________________________

were a brother and sister team who made a name for themselves as actors and began

a legacy of a family of actors. __________________________would be most well-

known for his role of __________________________in The Merchant Of Venice.

the 19th century

-__________________________________________ is considered to be the

finest English playwright since Shakespeare. He wrote the play

_______________________. Oscar Wilde wrote

____________________________________________ as well as many other comedies

of manners. Sir William Gilbert and _______________________________wrote hugely

popular operettas such as _________________________________and HMS Pinafore.

- __________________________________ was the idea that theatre was to be

an emotional escape into adventure, beauty, and sentimental idealism. This idea was

developed by ____________________________ and __________________________

in Germany. Playwrights who practiced this idea in their writing were

_______________________________ who wrote The Hunchback of Notre Dame and

Alexander Dumas who wrote ______________________________________. The

opposite ideal was that of____________________________. This was a rebellion

against _____________________________that depicted a

selected____________________ of real life. ________________________ championed

the idea of ________________________________________________that said that

morality depends on _______________________________________.

_________________________________________ was known as the father of modern

realism. He believed that drama should draw our attention to ____________________

problems and generate ______________________________. His two most famous

plays were __________________________________ and

____________________________ both of which shocked audiences because they

revealed real ________________________ suffered by real_____________________.

-Another school of thought was that of ________________________________

who wrote ________________________________ theatre that became the forerunner

to _______________________________ theatre. He wrote frequently about

____________________ and ___________________________ struggles. His characters

were usually in an intense __________________________ conflict. One of his more

famous plays is ________________________________. In this play, he eliminated

_________________________ to prolong the intensity of the scenes in his play, or to

sustain the audience’s discomfort.

-_______________________________________________ is another forerunner

in theatrical ______________________________ whose impact and educational

process for acting is still used today. He founded the

___________________________________________. He believed that those who were

not born with _______________________________________ could achieve great

_________________________. Actors in his school use _________________________

as well as ________________________________ to recall experiences and substitute

for those of the character. He created the “_____________________________” which

stated that actors had to answer the question “What would I do,

___________________...” The ______________________________ system had 4 main

goals:

1.

2.

3.

4.

theatre in America

-Theatre in America began ________________________ because most people

regarded it as _____________________; however, most historians say that American

Theatre started sometime around the time of the _____________________________.

Theatre of this time was not in any way “___________________________.” The first

play was performed at the __________________________________________ in

__________. The first theatre was built in _________________________________ in

__________. The first American play was ______________________________ written

by _________________________________.

-Theatre did not really become popular until the ____________ century.

______________________ entertained people on trips down the

_________________________________ River. ________________________ Shows

were also popular in both America and England. White actors would put on

________________________________ and entertain audiences using the songs and

jokes of ___________________________________________.

___________________________ was another popular theatrical entertainment. A

___________________________ show was a variety show featuring seals,

__________________, acrobats, _____________________, dancers,

___________________________ and ___________________________ acts. These

died away with the invention of the _______________________ and are almost

completely _______________________ today. _____________________________

were the favorite of many audiences. These plays were extremely

_____________________________ and similar to today’s

___________________________________.

-Many actors became famous through touring the nation with performances.

They would act in a different city every night, similar to today’s __________________

tours. They were popular for ______________ years until radio and movies became

popular. Some famous actors were ___________________________________, older

brother of John Wilkes _______________________. He was considered America’s

_________________ actor of the time. His most famous role was that of

___________________. _______________________________ was best known for his

betrayal of Rip Van Winkle. Maude Adams was best known for her role as

__________________________________. Mrs. John Drew became the

_________________________ of a family of great actors, including her great great

granddaughter, ___________________________________. Acting tours eventually

settled in ____________________________, which housed the theatrical hub,

________________________.

TERMS:

1. Alexander Dumas:

2. August Strindberg:

3. David Garrick:

4. Edmund Kean:

5. Edwin Booth:

6. George Bernard Shaw:

7. George Etheridge

8. Henrick Ibsen:

9. John Dryden:

10.Joseph Jefferson:

11.Konstantin Stanislavsky:

12.Legitimate theatre:

13.Maude Adams:

14.melodrama:

15.moral relativism:

16.Mrs. John Drew:

17. Oliver Goldsmith:

18.Oscar Wilde:

19.realism:

20.Richard Brinsley Sheridan:

21.romanticism:

22.Royal Tyler:

23.Sarah Kimble Siddons and John Phillip Kimble:

24.Sir William Gilbert and Sir Arthur Sullivan:

25.the “Magic If”:

26.Victor Hugo:

27.The American Revolution:

28.William Congrieve:

29.Royalists:

30.Parliamentarians:

31.Oliver Cromwell:

32.Restoration:

33.Heroic Play/Tragedy:

34.Comedy of Manners:

35.Moliere:

36.satire:

37.direct satire:

38.indirect satire:

39.Comedy of Intrigue:

40.Aphra Behn:

41.Goethe and Schiller:

42.Xenien collection:

43.minstrel shows:

44.Vaudeville theatre:

45.Broadway:

46.List the 3 goals of the Stanislavsky System:

a.

b.

c.

47.List 3 advances in theatre in the 18th Century:

a.

b.

c.

48.Name 2 legitimate theatres:

a.

b.