Energy StatisticsWorking Group Meeting

IEA, Paris, France16-17 November 2004

Special Issue Paper 9

Densities of Oil Products

Mieke Reece

2

Issue: There is a need for a review of the average densities of oil products in the OECD countries.

Background: Why do we need the information on the average densities of oil products?

Density is defined as mass per unit volume i.e. metric ton per barrel. The oil industry in different parts of the world uses different units of measurements. For example, in Europe, the metric ton (a mass unit) is generally accepted as the unit of measurement, while in North America, volume units are used, e.g. barrels in the United States and cubic metres in Canada.

When compiling a world oil balance, it is necessary to use a common unit, either a volume unit or a unit of mass. Depending on the choice of the unit, this means that data originally reported in one type of unit need to be converted into the common standard.

The international oil industry is generally using “barrels” as their accepted standard. Barrels are a measurement of volume, and therefore any data for countries which is in mass unit will need to be converted to volume. Moreover the mass to volume conversion differs from product to product and may be differing from country to country. As an example, the density of crude oil can easily vary from 0.125 (8 barrel per ton) to 0.152 (6.6 barrel per ton), whereas oil products can vary between 0.086 (LPG) to 0.150 (fuel oil).

The joint Eurostat, IEA/OECD, UNECE questionnaires collect data in metric tons or mass, while the IEA’s Oil Market Report is presenting data in barrels. We therefore need to convert all the oil information from metric tons to barrels.

In order to obtain an accurate world oil balance in volume and to limit the statistical error, it is essential that each product in each country is converted at the appropriate factor.

Why do we need to review this periodically?

Densities do not remain constant over time. Little by little they change, as on the one hand, in the supply of crude oil, the density becomes higher, on the other hand, in the consuming sectors new and improved technologies, as well as the increasing complexity of the oil products result in the use of higher density oil products.

As a consequence, it is necessary to carry out a survey to evaluate the situation, the last survey was carried out in 1993, or some 10 year ago. It therefore seemed timely to conduct an update of this survey at the occasion of the 2004 ESWG. This survey was not intended to be carried out on a yearly basis, and will be renewed on an ad-hoc basis when necessary. Only results from OECD and EU countries were received.

The results of the survey have been attached in Annex I.

Many countries sent incomplete data, and eight countries (of which some important consumers and producers) did not report any densities at all. Unfortunately, therefore, the results of the survey so far cannot be completely conclusive, particularly as some values look inconsistent with the past values. However, we have still prepared the preliminary results for your review.

We will continue to calculate weighted average densities for the three main regions: OECD North America, OECD Pacific, and Europe (including EU members which are not currently members of the

3

OECD). These regional averages will then be used to convert the Eurostat, OECD/IEA, UNECE oil data from metric tons to barrels, for example as shown in the IEA’s monthly Oil Market Report.

Proposal: We will continue to pursue the data from the countries which have not responded yet, and to extend the survey to UNECE Member countries which are not members of OECD and EU. Depending on the results from the UNECE countries, we will see if there is a need to add a fourth region.

4

Average

OECD North

America Average

OECD Pacific

Average

Europe Average

Wtd Average

OECD North

America Average

OECD Pacific

Average

Europe Average

Average

OECD North

America Average

OECD Pacific

Average

Europe Average

OECD North America

OECD Pacific

OECD Europe

Crude Oil Refinery Intake 0.8505 0.8365 0.8447 0.8525 0.8484 0.8365 0.8504 0.8493 7.41 7.52 7.40 7.41 7.37 7.37 7.37NGL Refinery Intake 0.6502 0.7246 0.6343 0.6736 0.5882 0.5736 0.7145 0.5163 10.69 10.97 8.80 12.18 10.3 8.85 10.3Refinery Feedstocks Refinery Intake 0.8115 0.8431 0.8235 0.7886 0.8415 0.8431 0.8680 0.8265 7.47 7.46 7.25 7.61 7.46 7.4 7.4Additives Refinery Intake 0.7893 n.a n.a. 0.7893 0.7887 n.a n.a. 0.7887 7.98 n.a. n.a. 7.98 14.8 7.5 7.5Other Hydrocarbons Refinery Intake n.a. n.a n.a. n.a n.a. n.a n.a. n.a n.a. n.a n.a. n.a 8.3 7.4 7.4Refinery Gas Consumption 0.6975 0.8986 0.8450 0.7687 0.7935 0.8443 0.9534 0.2046 7.93 7.45 6.60 30.74 7.45 6.99 8Ethane Consumption 0.3113 0.3656 #DIV/0! 0.3113 0.3692 0.3698 n.a. 0.3628 17.04 17.01 n.a. 17.34 16.85 16.85 16.85LPG Consumption 0.5625 0.5395 0.6913 0.5644 0.7741 0.5395 0.9521 0.5351 8.13 11.66 6.61 11.76 11.6 11.6 11.6Naphtha Consumption 0.7180 0.7498 0.7470 0.7150 0.7317 0.7561 0.7370 0.7058 8.60 8.32 8.53 8.91 8.5 8.5 8.9Motor Gasoline Consumption 0.7449 0.7362 0.7403 0.7454 0.7380 0.7372 0.7370 0.7428 8.52 8.53 8.53 8.47 8.53 8.53 8.45Aviation Gasoline Consumption 0.7172 0.7079 0.7215 0.7211 0.7074 0.7069 0.6988 0.7169 8.89 8.90 9.00 8.77 8.9 8.9 8.9Gasoline Type Jet Fuel Consumption 0.7699 0.7758 n.a. 0.7732 0.7906 0.7910 n.a. 0.7500 7.96 7.95 n.a. 8.39 8.25 8.25 8.25Kerosene Type Jet Fuel Consumption 0.7970 0.7976 0.7898 0.7971 0.7951 0.7937 0.7862 0.8017 7.91 7.92 8.00 7.85 7.93 7.93 7.88Other Kerosene Consumption 0.8036 0.8168 0.8007 0.8043 0.8118 0.8145 0.8139 0.8004 7.75 7.72 7.73 7.86 7.74 7.74 7.88Gas/diesel Oil Consumption 0.8397 0.8516 0.8347 0.8389 0.8410 0.8450 0.8417 0.8372 7.48 7.44 7.47 7.51 7.46 7.46 7.46Fuel Oil (including Bunker fuel) Consumption 0.9471 0.9487 0.9308 0.9471 0.9332 0.9457 0.9035 0.9408 6.74 6.65 6.96 6.69 6.66 6.66 6.45White Spirit Consumption 0.7699 0.7374 0.7990 0.7733 0.7444 0.7374 0.7569 0.7707 8.45 8.53 8.31 8.16 8.46 8.46 8.46Lubricants Consumption 0.8910 0.8835 0.8920 0.8886 0.8899 0.8891 0.8928 0.8899 7.07 7.07 7.04 7.07 7.09 7.09 7.09Bitumen Consumption 1.0132 1.0375 1.0097 1.0156 1.0260 1.0378 1.0004 0.9993 6.13 6.06 6.29 6.29 6.08 6.08 6.08Paraffin Waxes Consumption 0.8654 0.7992 0.9137 0.8669 0.8170 0.7992 0.9805 0.8325 7.70 7.87 6.41 7.55 7.85 7.85 7.85Petroleum Coke Consumption 0.9654 0.6383 0.9425 0.9596 0.9830 0.9668 0.9972 1.1891 6.40 6.51 6.31 5.29 5.5 5.5 5.5Other Products Consumption 0.8300 0.8366 0.8950 0.8315 0.8140 0.7914 0.9681 0.8151 7.73 7.95 6.50 7.72 8 8 8Bioethanol Production 0.7935 0.7922 0.7900 0.7947 7.93 7.94 7.96 7.91Biodiesel Production 0.8428 n.a. 0.8770 0.8820 7.46 n.a. 7.17 7.13Biomethanol Production 0.7912 0.7912 n.a. 0.7912 7.95 7.95 n.a. 7.95Biodimethylether ProductionBiooil Production

Current FactorsSummary Findings of Density Survey

Average Density or Specific Gravity (g/cm3) Weighted Average Density (g/cm3) Derived Regional Conversion (bbl/ton)

Annex 1: Survey on Average Densities of Oil Products

5

Country-Specific Information

country AUSTRALIA AUSTRIA BELGIUM CANADA CZECH DENMARK FINLAND FRANCE GERMANY

Average Density or Specific Gravity (g/cm3)Crude Oil Indigenous Production 0.784 0.85 0.888 0.86Crude Oil Imports 0.87 0.85 0.8576 0.86 0.842 0.85Crude Oil Exports 0.788 0.85 0.86Crude Oil Refinery Intake 0.82 0.85 0.83645 0.8576 0.86 0.855 0.842 0.85NGL Indigenous Production 0.523 0.7 0.54NGL Imports 0.7 0.54 0.738NGL Exports 0.523 0.7 0.54NGL Refinery Intake 0.523 0.7 0.54 0.934 0.738Refinery Feedstocks Indigenous ProductionRefinery Feedstocks Imports 0.935 0.867 0.86Refinery Feedstocks Exports 0.794 0.889 0.86Refinery Feedstocks Refinery Intake 0.916 0.89 0.86Additives Indigenous ProductionAdditives ImportsAdditives ExportsAdditives Refinery IntakeOther Hydrocarbons Indigenous ProductionOther Hydrocarbons ImportsOther Hydrocarbons ExportsOther Hydrocarbons Refinery IntakeRefinery Gas Refinery Output 0.725 0.6 0.34 0.18Refinery Gas Imports 0.34Refinery Gas Exports 0.34Refinery Gas Consumption 0.725 0.6 0.34 0.953 0.18Ethane Refinery OutputEthane ImportsEthane ExportsEthane Consumption 0.358LPG Refinery Output 0.53 0.58 0.54 0.53 0.54 0.545LPG Imports 0.51 0.58 0.54 0.53 0.54LPG Exports 0.556 0.58 0.54 0.53 0.54LPG Consumption 0.54 0.58 0.54 0.5395 0.53 0.54 0.507Naphtha Refinery Output 0.724 0.66 0.7Naphtha Imports 0.66 0.66Naphtha Exports 0.724 0.66Naphtha Consumption 0.757 0.739 0.66 0.7 0.7Motor Gasoline Refinery Output 0.74 0.749 0.74 0.748 0.75Motor Gasoline Imports 0.731 0.749 0.74 0.749 0.75Motor Gasoline Exports 0.74 0.751 0.74 0.748 0.75Motor Gasoline Consumption 0.735 0.749 0.74 0.735 0.748 0.75 0.75 0.745Aviation Gasoline Refinery Output 0.648 0.7 0.741 0.71Aviation Gasoline Imports 0.708 0.7 0.71Aviation Gasoline Exports 0.648 0.7 0.71Aviation Gasoline Consumption 0.672 0.7 0.709 0.741 0.71 0.71 0.72Gasoline Type Jet Fuel Refinery Output 0.75 0.76Gasoline Type Jet Fuel Imports 0.75 0.76Gasoline Type Jet Fuel Exports 0.75 0.76Gasoline Type Jet Fuel Consumption 0.75 0.791 0.76Kerosene Type Jet Fuel Refinery Output 0.792 0.798 0.8 0.793 0.8 0.8Kerosene Type Jet Fuel Imports 0.792 0.798 0.8 0.8Kerosene Type Jet Fuel Exports 0.792 0.798 0.8 0.8Kerosene Type Jet Fuel Consumption 0.792 0.798 0.8 0.802 0.793 0.8 0.795 0.8 0.8Other Kerosene Refinery Output 0.804 0.798 0.8 0.8 0.8Other Kerosene Imports 0.795 0.798 0.8 0.8Other Kerosene Exports 0.804 0.798 0.8 0.8Other Kerosene Consumption 0.8 0.798 0.8 0.82 0.8 0.8 0.81 0.8Gas/diesel Oil Refinery Output 0.838 0.848 0.85 0.84 0.84 0.83Gas/diesel Oil Imports 0.85 0.849 0.85 0.84 0.84Gas/diesel Oil Exports 0.838 0.85 0.85 0.84 0.84Gas/diesel Oil Consumption 0.839 0.848 0.85 0.86 0.84 0.84 0.845 0.835 0.83Fuel Oil (incl. Bunker fuel) Refinery Output 0.972 0.955 0.925 0.99 0.98 0.855Fuel Oil (incl. Bunker fuel) Imports 0.95 1.008 0.925 0.98Fuel Oil (incl. Bunker fuel) Exports 0.972 1.006 0.925 0.98Fuel Oil (incl. Bunker fuel) Consumption 0.96 0.956 0.925 0.953 0.99 0.98 0.975 1 0.855White Spirit Refinery Output 0.775 0.7 0.8 0.727White Spirit Imports 0.775 0.7 0.8White Spirit Exports 0.775 0.7 0.8White Spirit Consumption 0.775 0.7 0.8 0.777Lubricants Refinery Output 0.911 0.9 0.9 0.9Lubricants Imports 0.887 0.9 0.9 0.9Lubricants Exports 0.911 0.9 0.9 0.9Lubricants Consumption 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.876 0.9 0.9

6

country GREECE HUNGARY ICELAND IRELAND ITALY JAPAN NETHLAND NZ NORWAY

Average Density or Specific Gravity (g/cm3)Crude Oil Indigenous Production 0.867 0.806 0.855 0.859 0.836Crude Oil Imports 0.862 0.863 0.853 0.855 0.859Crude Oil Exports 0.862 0.859 0.836Crude Oil Refinery Intake 0.86 0.863 0.853 0.855 0.859 0.836NGL Indigenous Production 0.715 0.665 0.541NGL Imports 0.715 0.665NGL Exports 0.665 0.541NGL Refinery Intake 0.715 0.665 0.541Refinery Feedstocks Indigenous Production 0.745Refinery Feedstocks Imports 0.902 0.78 0.731Refinery Feedstocks ExportsRefinery Feedstocks Refinery Intake 0.901 0.745 0.731Additives Indigenous Production 0.796Additives Imports 0.79Additives ExportsAdditives Refinery Intake 0.792 0.84Other Hydrocarbons Indigenous ProductionOther Hydrocarbons ImportsOther Hydrocarbons ExportsOther Hydrocarbons Refinery IntakeRefinery Gas Refinery Output 0.965Refinery Gas ImportsRefinery Gas ExportsRefinery Gas Consumption 0.75 0.965Ethane Refinery OutputEthane ImportsEthane Exports 0.359Ethane Consumption 0.359LPG Refinery Output 0.579 1 0.534LPG Imports 1 0.534LPG Exports 1 0.534 0.556LPG Consumption 0.576 0.552 1 0.53 0.534 0.53Naphtha Refinery Output 0.732 0.737Naphtha Imports 0.737Naphtha Exports 0.737 0.872Naphtha Consumption 0.728 0.711 0.737Motor Gasoline Refinery Output 0.745 0.737 0.749Motor Gasoline Imports 0.755 0.737 0.749Motor Gasoline Exports 0.737 0.749 0.74Motor Gasoline Consumption 0.738 0.748 0.755 0.7477 0.737 0.75 0.749 0.74Aviation Gasoline Refinery Output 0.737 0.7555Aviation Gasoline Imports 0.755 0.7555Aviation Gasoline Exports 0.7555 0.71Aviation Gasoline Consumption 0.755 0.71736 0.737 0.71 0.7555 0.71Gasoline Type Jet Fuel Refinery OutputGasoline Type Jet Fuel ImportsGasoline Type Jet Fuel ExportsGasoline Type Jet Fuel Consumption 0.77Kerosene Type Jet Fuel Refinery Output 0.797 0.7834 0.794Kerosene Type Jet Fuel Imports 0.81 0.7834 0.794Kerosene Type Jet Fuel Exports 0.7834 0.794 0.76Kerosene Type Jet Fuel Consumption 0.799 0.79 0.81 0.8 0.7834 0.79 0.794 0.76Other Kerosene Refinery Output 0.814 0.788Other Kerosene Imports 0.81 0.814 0.788Other Kerosene Exports 0.814 0.788 0.79Other Kerosene Consumption 0.81 0.8 0.814 0.78 0.788 0.79Gas/diesel Oil Refinery Output 0.827 0.843 0.822Gas/diesel Oil Imports 0.848 0.843 0.822Gas/diesel Oil Exports 0.843 0.822 0.83Gas/diesel Oil Consumption 0.833 0.842 0.848 0.846 0.843 0.84 0.822 0.83Fuel Oil (incl. Bunker fuel) Refinery Output 0.986 0.9 0.9325Fuel Oil (incl. Bunker fuel) Imports 0.925 0.9 0.9325Fuel Oil (incl. Bunker fuel) Exports 0.9 0.9325 0.95Fuel Oil (incl. Bunker fuel) Consumption 0.994 0.955 0.925 0.9605 0.9 0.9325 0.95White Spirit Refinery Output 0.737 0.885White Spirit Imports 0.885White Spirit Exports 0.885White Spirit Consumption 0.798 0.737 0.73 0.885Lubricants Refinery Output 0.891 0.885Lubricants Imports 0.891 0.885Lubricants Exports 0.891 0.885 0.9Lubricants Consumption 0.88 0.891 0.885 0.9

7

country POLAND PORTUGAL SLOVAKIA SWEDEN SWITLAND TURKEY UK USA

Average Density or Specific Gravity (g/cm3)Crude Oil Indigenous Production 0.81 0.9328 0.834028Crude Oil Imports 0.8627 0.822 0.8597 0.84674Crude Oil Exports 0.834028Crude Oil Refinery Intake 0.8627 0.87 0.86 0.822 0.86 0.838926NGL Indigenous ProductionNGL ImportsNGL ExportsNGL Refinery Intake 0.8 0.481 0.5152Refinery Feedstocks Indigenous ProductionRefinery Feedstocks Imports 0.848Refinery Feedstocks ExportsRefinery Feedstocks Refinery Intake 0.7 0.66 0.869 0.8431Additives Indigenous ProductionAdditives Imports 0.75Additives ExportsAdditives Refinery Intake 0.775 0.75Other Hydrocarbons Indigenous ProductionOther Hydrocarbons ImportsOther Hydrocarbons ExportsOther Hydrocarbons Refinery IntakeRefinery Gas Refinery Output 0.671Refinery Gas ImportsRefinery Gas ExportsRefinery Gas Consumption 0.92 0.8443Ethane Refinery OutputEthane ImportsEthane ExportsEthane Consumption 0.1 0.3663 0.3732LPG Refinery Output 0.531 0.562LPG Imports 0.521 0.563LPG Exports 0.564LPG Consumption 0.53 0.508 0.521 0.562 0.506329Naphtha Refinery OutputNaphtha Imports 0.675Naphtha Exports 0.703 0.7477Naphtha Consumption 0.715 0.695 0.678 0.7477 0.723589 0.7606Motor Gasoline Refinery Output 0.75 0.749 0.741 0.7566Motor Gasoline Imports 0.775 0.749 0.743Motor Gasoline Exports 0.749 0.728 0.7488Motor Gasoline Consumption 0.75 0.749 0.75 0.74 0.743 0.7566 0.734214 0.7374Aviation Gasoline Refinery Output 0.71Aviation Gasoline Imports 0.71 0.714Aviation Gasoline Exports 0.71Aviation Gasoline Consumption 0.71 0.71 0.72 0.71582 0.7067Gasoline Type Jet Fuel Refinery Output 0.7977Gasoline Type Jet Fuel ImportsGasoline Type Jet Fuel ExportsGasoline Type Jet Fuel Consumption 0.76 0.7977 0.7606Kerosene Type Jet Fuel Refinery Output 0.8075 0.8 0.8Kerosene Type Jet Fuel Imports 0.8 0.799Kerosene Type Jet Fuel Exports 0.8Kerosene Type Jet Fuel Consumption 0.8075 0.8 0.81 0.8 0.799 0.812348 0.7932Other Kerosene Refinery Output 0.83 0.803 0.7965Other Kerosene Imports 0.83 0.802Other Kerosene Exports 0.83Other Kerosene Consumption 0.83 0.81 0.81 0.804 0.7965 0.801282 0.8137Gas/diesel Oil Refinery Output 0.835 0.835 0.833 0.8372Gas/diesel Oil Imports 0.845 0.835 0.833 0.8499Gas/diesel Oil Exports 0.835 0.833 0.8346Gas/diesel Oil Consumption 0.835 0.835 0.835 0.84 0.833 0.8372 0.84246 0.8431Fuel Oil (incl. Bunker fuel) Refinery Output 0.9225 0.957 0.9687Fuel Oil (incl. Bunker fuel) Imports 0.9912Fuel Oil (incl. Bunker fuel) Exports 0.9689Fuel Oil (incl. Bunker fuel) Consumption 0.9225 0.92 0.9 0.9687 0.969932 0.9444White Spirit Refinery OutputWhite Spirit Imports 0.774White Spirit Exports 0.79White Spirit Consumption 0.735 0.78 0.774 0.780031 0.7374Lubricants Refinery Output 0.8883Lubricants Imports 0.8837Lubricants ExportsLubricants Consumption 0.885 0.8883 0.877963 0.8909