sinusitis

7/17/2019 Sinusitis

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SINUSITIS

GeneralSinusitis are infections of the mucous membrane lining the nasal passages and sinuses inside. Sinuses are hollow

spaces or cavities located around the eyes, cheeks and nose. hen the mucous membrane becomes inflamed,

swells, blocking the sinus to drain fluid from the nose and throat, causing pain and pressure in the sinuses.

There are two types of sinusitis! acute "sudden onset# and chronic "long term#. In chronic sinusitis symptoms do not

disappear completely, always maintaining the mild symptoms.

Symptoms

$ain and pressure in the face with stuffy nose or filled with secretions, are the most common symptoms. %ne can see

the appearance of yellow or green nasal discharge. &ending or head movement can often augment facial pain andpressure.

'ocation pain or sensitivity depends on the affected sinus!

( $ain in the cheeks and incisors is often caused by ma)illary sinus inflammation *

( pain in the forehead, above the eyebrows can be caused by inflammation of frontal sinus*

( retrooculara pain "behind the eyes# in the head or in both temples can be caused by inflammation of the sphenoidal

sinus*

( periorbital pain or inflammation caused by retroocular is ethmoid sinus.*

%ther common symptoms of sinusitis include!

( +eadache

( yellowish or greenish discharge from the nose leaking from the back of the neck

( bad breath "breath# bad breath

( productive cough lining

( fever

( toothache

( gustatory or olfactory sensitivity decrease

cute sinusitis "sudden onset# is usually caused by a viral infection and often develops rapidly. %biciei lasts - weeks

or less, and symptoms tend to disappear within a week without treatment.

hronic sinusitis is usually caused by a bacterial or fungal infection. This infection can be difficult to treat.

/isk 0actors

7/17/2019 Sinusitis


The risk of sinusitis was present recent increase if a cold, other viral or bacterial infection, or an infection of the upper

airway. lso, chronic allergic rhinitis can lead to sinusitis.

Sometimes diverted September 1, broken nose, nasal polyps and tumors that favors sinusitis. 2iseases of the nose

structure may prevent proper drainage of mucus from the sinuses into the nose.

InvestigationsThe diagnosis of sinusitis is usually based on history and physical e)amination. detailed history of the disease can

often be more useful for diagnosis than physical e)amination of the patient. If the symptoms and signs found are

typical sinusitis, other tests are not routinely re3uired.

dditional tests may be performed if!

( diagnosis is not understood*

( antibiotic therapy failed to treat the disease*

( complications "eg, osteomyelitis# are suspected *

( surgery is considered.*

Medications

ntibiotics ( are administered to destroy bacteria* Some e)amples of antibiotics used are amo)icillin telithromycin *

2econgestants ( lessens swelling of the nasal mucosa. Some e)amples may include o)ymeta4oline hydrochloride

and phenylephrine hydrochloride "Nasal decongestant spray#.

nalgesics ( such as aspirin, acetaminophen or ibuprofen are used to relieve pain.

orticosteroids ( beclomethasone dipropionate or such as prednisone, reduces inflammation of the nasal passages

and can be inhaled nasal spray form.

5ucolytics ( as guaifenesin, are used to dilute the mucus.

Inhaled antibiotics is a new option of treatment for chronic sinusitis. Initial studies have shown that the use of inhaled

antibiotics due to their direct contact with the mucosal membrane may be more effective when other drugs have

failed.

7/17/2019 Sinusitis


sinusitis

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