sinkopa u djece i adolescenatadevelopment and development of this material is partly supported by...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: SINKOPA U DJECE I ADOLESCENATADevelopment and development of this material is partly supported by Project Studies in Bioengineering and Medical Informatics (BioEMIS) For subject: Biomedical](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070701/5e59f5303888f624fc07dfb4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Prof. dr Vesna Miranović
Institut za bolesti djece
Klinički centar Crne Gore
SINKOPA U DJECE I
ADOLESCENATA
![Page 2: SINKOPA U DJECE I ADOLESCENATADevelopment and development of this material is partly supported by Project Studies in Bioengineering and Medical Informatics (BioEMIS) For subject: Biomedical](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070701/5e59f5303888f624fc07dfb4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Development and development of this material is partly supported by Project
Studies in Bioengineering and Medical Informatics (BioEMIS)
For subject: Biomedical signal and image processing
Izrada i štampanje ovog nastavnog materijala je djelimicno pomognuta od strane Projekta
Studije u bioinženjeringu i medicinskoj informatici
Za predmet: Digitalna obrada biomedicinskih signala i slika
TEMPUS-1-2012-1-UK-TEMPUS-JPCR
The authors are very thankful for support
Podgorica – January - 2016
TEMPUS BioEMIS Edition, 2016 2
![Page 3: SINKOPA U DJECE I ADOLESCENATADevelopment and development of this material is partly supported by Project Studies in Bioengineering and Medical Informatics (BioEMIS) For subject: Biomedical](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070701/5e59f5303888f624fc07dfb4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
SINKOPE U DJECE I ADOLESCENATA: VELIKI IZAZOV
Ekstenzivna, neracionalna,
skupocjena dijagnostika
Nedokučiv mogući uzrok
sinkope u značajnom procentu
Nema zlatnog standarda protokola ispitivanja
Nema usaglašenog
protokola liječenja
Sinkopa kao mogući predznak
ozbiljnog medicinskog
problema
![Page 4: SINKOPA U DJECE I ADOLESCENATADevelopment and development of this material is partly supported by Project Studies in Bioengineering and Medical Informatics (BioEMIS) For subject: Biomedical](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070701/5e59f5303888f624fc07dfb4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
ZNAČAJ SINKOPE
• Ponavljane sinkope mijenjaju životni obrazac poput hroničnih bolesti kao što su epilepsija i narkolepsija
• “Jedina razlika između sinkope i iznenadne smrti je što se nakon prve probudiš.”
![Page 5: SINKOPA U DJECE I ADOLESCENATADevelopment and development of this material is partly supported by Project Studies in Bioengineering and Medical Informatics (BioEMIS) For subject: Biomedical](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070701/5e59f5303888f624fc07dfb4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
vrsta dg 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 suma
RTG s i p 11 8 2 14 6 41
EHO abd 25 23 5 15 15 83
CT endo 37 37 16 17 19 126
MR +ang 8 3 8 2 8 48
MR ks 2 2
EEG 39 44 24 27 33 167
EEG sa DS 13 9 12 11 24 69
Oftalmolog 4 4 3 11
FOU 31 36 19 23 28 137
ORL 19 29 11 17 12 88
EHO vrata 4 4
EHO št ž 3 1 4
RTG vrat k 2 2
Kraniogram 1 1
RTG PNŠ 1 2 3
Psiholog 2 3 5
Psihijatar 1 2 3
EMNG 1 1
![Page 6: SINKOPA U DJECE I ADOLESCENATADevelopment and development of this material is partly supported by Project Studies in Bioengineering and Medical Informatics (BioEMIS) For subject: Biomedical](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070701/5e59f5303888f624fc07dfb4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
vrsta dijagnostike pozitivnost nalaza
RTG srca i pluća 9.7% 41/4
EHO abdomena 0% 83/0
CT endokranijuma 4.8% 126/4 (dva sinuzitisa + cista max
sin)
MR endokranijuma+MR sa angiografijom 0% 48/0
MR kičmenog stuba 0% 2/0
EEG 2.3% 167/3
EEG sa deprivacijom spavanja 4.1% 69/7
Oftalmološki pregled 18% 11/2 (miopije)
Pregled fundusa 0% 137/0
ORL pregled 5.7% 88/5 (cerumen, tonziloph)
EHO krvnih sudova vrata 0% 4/0
EHO štitne žlijezde 0% 4/0
RTG vratne kičme 0% 2/0
RTG torakalne kičme 0% 1/0
Kraniogram 0% 1/0
RTG paranazalnih šupljina 33% 3/0
Psiholog 40% 5/2
Psihijatar 33% 3/1
EMNG 100% 1/1
![Page 7: SINKOPA U DJECE I ADOLESCENATADevelopment and development of this material is partly supported by Project Studies in Bioengineering and Medical Informatics (BioEMIS) For subject: Biomedical](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070701/5e59f5303888f624fc07dfb4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
DA LI SE RAZLIKUJEMO OD DRUGIH?
HIPOTETIČNI SCENARIO PRIKAZAN PRED 916 KARDIOLOGA I INTERNISTA
• Pacijent je osjetio slabost, omaglicu, mučninu; onesvjestio se, probudio nakon 1 minuta i rekao da je dobro i da hoće kući. EKG, lab., RTG pluća i srca normalni.
• Dijagnoza?
• Plan: prijem? dalje testiranje?
REZULTATI ANKETE
• Dijagnoza: VVS
• Namjera: opservacija
• Rezulteti ankete: agresivni pristup
• Prijem: kardiolozi 79%, internisti 72%
Glassman, Arch Intern Med, 1997
![Page 8: SINKOPA U DJECE I ADOLESCENATADevelopment and development of this material is partly supported by Project Studies in Bioengineering and Medical Informatics (BioEMIS) For subject: Biomedical](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070701/5e59f5303888f624fc07dfb4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
DEFINICIJA
Prolazni gubitak svijesti sa gubitkom posturalnog tonusa kao posljedica globalne cerebralne hipoperfuzije
![Page 9: SINKOPA U DJECE I ADOLESCENATADevelopment and development of this material is partly supported by Project Studies in Bioengineering and Medical Informatics (BioEMIS) For subject: Biomedical](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070701/5e59f5303888f624fc07dfb4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
KARAKTERISTIKE • Iznenadna pojava
• Kratko trajanje
![Page 10: SINKOPA U DJECE I ADOLESCENATADevelopment and development of this material is partly supported by Project Studies in Bioengineering and Medical Informatics (BioEMIS) For subject: Biomedical](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070701/5e59f5303888f624fc07dfb4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
KARAKTERISTIKE
• Spontan i potpun oporavak
• Odsustvo neuroloških deficita
• Nema potrebe za reanimacijom
![Page 11: SINKOPA U DJECE I ADOLESCENATADevelopment and development of this material is partly supported by Project Studies in Bioengineering and Medical Informatics (BioEMIS) For subject: Biomedical](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070701/5e59f5303888f624fc07dfb4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
VAZODILATACIJA BRADIKARDIJA
Ortostatski stres
VAZODILATACIJA BRADIKARDIJA
Smanjeno punjenje lijeve komore
Redukcija venskog vraćanja krvi u srce
Povišena simpatička aktivnost
Snažne ventrikularne kontrakcije u nedovoljno ispunjenoj komori
Pražnjenje mehanoreceptora
CNS
![Page 12: SINKOPA U DJECE I ADOLESCENATADevelopment and development of this material is partly supported by Project Studies in Bioengineering and Medical Informatics (BioEMIS) For subject: Biomedical](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070701/5e59f5303888f624fc07dfb4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Sinkopa: klinički izazov
• Anamneza često nejasna
• Prognoza veoma raznovrsna
- Česti etiološki faktori benigni
- Potencijalno visok mortalitet
• Dostupni mnogi testovi
• 40% pacijenata ostane bez dijagnoze
![Page 13: SINKOPA U DJECE I ADOLESCENATADevelopment and development of this material is partly supported by Project Studies in Bioengineering and Medical Informatics (BioEMIS) For subject: Biomedical](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070701/5e59f5303888f624fc07dfb4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
SINKOPA: dijagnostički ciljevi
• Da li je u pitanju sinkopa ili ne?
• Koja je etiologija gubitka svijesti?
• Da li postoji visok rizik od kardiovaskularnih dešavanja ili smrti?
![Page 14: SINKOPA U DJECE I ADOLESCENATADevelopment and development of this material is partly supported by Project Studies in Bioengineering and Medical Informatics (BioEMIS) For subject: Biomedical](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070701/5e59f5303888f624fc07dfb4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Daniel Goleman, Emotivna inteligencija:“Strah, u evoluciji, ima posebnu važnost: možda više od bilo koje druge emocije od presudnog je značaja za opstanak ”
RACIONALNI STRAHOVI
• opasne situacije kojih se osoba zaista plaši a koji nam pomažu da izbjegnemo opasne situacije
IRACIONALNI STRAHOVI
• situacije kojih se osoba plaši a te situacije uopšte nisu opasne
• svi ovi strahovi se odnose na neku hipotetičku budućnost, na nešto što bi moglo da se desi a ne dešava se sada u ovom trenutku
![Page 15: SINKOPA U DJECE I ADOLESCENATADevelopment and development of this material is partly supported by Project Studies in Bioengineering and Medical Informatics (BioEMIS) For subject: Biomedical](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070701/5e59f5303888f624fc07dfb4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Sinkope: Odakle otpočeti evaluaciju?
• Šta se dešavalo oko pacijenta?
• Šta je osjećao/la prije događaja?
• Kakav je položaj zauzimao/la u toku epizode?
• Da li je imao/la bol u grudima ili glavobolju prije/poslije epizode?
• Obezbjediti svjedoka događaja!
ZNACI UPOZORENJA
• Okidač strah ili zvuk
• Bez prodroma
• Napor
• Palpitacije ili bol u grudima
• Kratkotrajan gubitak tonusa
• Porodična anamneza o iznenadnoj srčanoj smrti, podatak o aritmiji
• Urođena srčana mana
![Page 16: SINKOPA U DJECE I ADOLESCENATADevelopment and development of this material is partly supported by Project Studies in Bioengineering and Medical Informatics (BioEMIS) For subject: Biomedical](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070701/5e59f5303888f624fc07dfb4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Uredan EKG i nalaz na srcu
Gubitak svijesti u trajanju od nekoliko
sekundi
Izazvan naglim ustajanjem
Pad bez samopovređivanja uz
dramatični sadržaj
Vjerovatno vazovagalna sinkopa
DA
DA
Upućivanje kardiologu
EEG i dodatno neurološko ispitivanje
Vjerovatna ortostatska sinkopa
Vjerovatna histerična sinkopa
NE
DA
DA
NE
NE
NE
![Page 17: SINKOPA U DJECE I ADOLESCENATADevelopment and development of this material is partly supported by Project Studies in Bioengineering and Medical Informatics (BioEMIS) For subject: Biomedical](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070701/5e59f5303888f624fc07dfb4/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
RAZLIKOVANJE SINKOPE OD KONVULZIJA
SINKOPA KONVULZIJE HIPOGLIKEMIJA
Trajanje gubitka svijesti
Obično u sekundama
Često 5 minuta i duže
Obično više od nekoliko minuta
Inkontinencija odsutna Moguće prisutna odsutna
Konfuzija pri buđenju
odsutna Znatna u trajanju 20-30minuta
Obično, spor oporavak
Tonično-klonični grčevi
Povremeno, kratkotrajno u slučaju produženog trajanja gubitka svijesti
Često prisutni Često odsutni
EEG normalan Često abnormalan ukoliko se radi ubrzo nakon događaja
normalan
![Page 18: SINKOPA U DJECE I ADOLESCENATADevelopment and development of this material is partly supported by Project Studies in Bioengineering and Medical Informatics (BioEMIS) For subject: Biomedical](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070701/5e59f5303888f624fc07dfb4/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Sinkopa: kome je potreban pregled kardiologa?
• Porodična anamneza o iznenadnoj srčanoj smrti (rana srčana smrt prije 45, 40, 35 godine), malignoj aritmiji, familijarnoj kardiomiopatiji
• Sinkopa koja se javila u naporu
• Podatak o bolesti srca u anamnezi
![Page 19: SINKOPA U DJECE I ADOLESCENATADevelopment and development of this material is partly supported by Project Studies in Bioengineering and Medical Informatics (BioEMIS) For subject: Biomedical](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070701/5e59f5303888f624fc07dfb4/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Sinkopa: za kojim kardiološkim problemima tragamo?
CIRKULATORNI PROBLEMI
• Hipertrofična kardiomiopatija
• Anomalije koronarnih krvnih sudova
• Ventrikularna kardiomiopatija
• Aortna stenoza
• Plućna hipertenzija
• Akutni miokarditis
• Dilatativna kardiomiopatija
“ELEKTRIČNI” PROBLEMI
• Long QT
• Brugada
• Polimorfna VT
• Urođeni kratki QT
• Sy WPW
![Page 20: SINKOPA U DJECE I ADOLESCENATADevelopment and development of this material is partly supported by Project Studies in Bioengineering and Medical Informatics (BioEMIS) For subject: Biomedical](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070701/5e59f5303888f624fc07dfb4/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Sinkopa: indikacije za hospitalizaciju
• Sumnja/saznanje o postojanju “značajne” srčane bolesti
• Promjene na EKG-u koje sugerišu potencijalne po život opasne aritmije
• Sinkope u toku napora
• Značajno povređivanje ili nezgoda u toku sinkope
• Porodična anamneza sa podatkom o preranoj iznenadnoj smrti
![Page 21: SINKOPA U DJECE I ADOLESCENATADevelopment and development of this material is partly supported by Project Studies in Bioengineering and Medical Informatics (BioEMIS) For subject: Biomedical](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070701/5e59f5303888f624fc07dfb4/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Čega se plašimo? Brugada sy: Sinkopa i električne oluje
• Hereditarno oboljenje
• 8-10 puta češće kliničko ispoljavanje kod muškaraca nego kod žena, ali je mogućnost postojanja mutiranog gena ista u oba pola
![Page 22: SINKOPA U DJECE I ADOLESCENATADevelopment and development of this material is partly supported by Project Studies in Bioengineering and Medical Informatics (BioEMIS) For subject: Biomedical](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070701/5e59f5303888f624fc07dfb4/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Brugada sindrom
STRATIFIKACIJA RIZIKA • Elektrofiziologija kontroverzna • Niska pozitivna prediktivna
vrijednost (23%) • Visoka negativna prediktivna
vrijednost (93%) • Anamnestički podatak o sinkopi,
tipičan EKG i njegova detaljna analiza korisni za identifikaciju kandidata za profilaktičku implantaciju kardioverter defibrilatora (J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;59:37-45, 2012)
• Th: Amiodaron beskoristan, Beta blokatori štetni, Quinidine i Isoproterenol mogu biti od koristi
• Dimethyl Lithospermat, kineski biljni lijek je u fazi ispitivanja
OPŠTE PROFILAKTIČKE MJERE
• Agresivni tretman svih febrilnih epizoda aspirinom, paracetamolom, hladnim kupkama
• Izbjegavati hipokalijemiju
• Izbjegavati obilne ugljenohidratne obroke
• Izbjegavati alkohol i tople kupke
![Page 23: SINKOPA U DJECE I ADOLESCENATADevelopment and development of this material is partly supported by Project Studies in Bioengineering and Medical Informatics (BioEMIS) For subject: Biomedical](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070701/5e59f5303888f624fc07dfb4/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• Neophodna je kontinuirana edukacija pedijatara radi bolje trijaže pacijenata sa sinkopama i smanjenja troškova dijagnostike i liječenja
• Neophodna je sinhronizacija protokola ispitivanja sinkopa na nivou neurologa i kardiologa
ZAKLJUČAK
![Page 24: SINKOPA U DJECE I ADOLESCENATADevelopment and development of this material is partly supported by Project Studies in Bioengineering and Medical Informatics (BioEMIS) For subject: Biomedical](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070701/5e59f5303888f624fc07dfb4/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
UTICAJ SINKOPA NA NAČIN ŽIVOTA/DA LI JE SMIJEH NAJBOLJI LIJEK?
PRIKAZ SLUČAJA
• 63 godišnji muškarac već 20 godina ima sinkope nakon intenzivnog smijeha
• Savjet: da se ne smije ubuduće tako jako.
• Pridržavao se savjeta i nije imao sinkopa.