single - case, quasi-experiment, and developmental research
TRANSCRIPT
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SINGLE-CASE, QUASI-EXPERIMENT, AND DEVELOPMENTAL RESEARCH
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Single Case Experimental Designs (formerly called single-subject designs) Measured from baseline period to treatment periods
Reversal or withdrawal design Called an ABA design Baseline (A) Treatment (B) Baseline (A)
The use of praise as a treatment to measure the improvement of a child’s school performance
Measure test scores give regimen of praise for correct homework problems measure test scores
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Multiple Baseline Designs Change is observed under multiple circumstances The manipulation is introduced at different times Determines that the manipulation caused change
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Used when control features of experimental designs cannot be achieved For example, the independent variable cannot be
manipulated Internal validity may be affected
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One-Group Posttest-Only Design
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Nonequivalent Control Group Design
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One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design
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Nonequivalent Control Group Pretest-Posttest Design
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Cross-Sectional Method – persons of different ages measured at the same point in time
Longitudinal Method – same group is observed at different times (as they age)
Sequential Method – combination of 1 and 2
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Cross Sectional Method
Year of Birth (cohort) Time 1: 2005
Group 1 1950 55 years old
Group 2 1945 60 years old
Group 3 1940 65 years old
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Longitudinal Method
Year of Birth (cohort)
Time 1: 2005
Time 2: 2010
Time 3: 2015
Group 1: 1950 55 yr 60 yr 65 yr
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Sequential Method
Year of Birth (cohort)
Time 1: 2005
Time 2: 2010
Time 3: 2015
Group 1: 1950 55 yr 60 yr 65 yr
Group 2: 1940 65 yr 70 yr 75 yr
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Comparison of Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Methods Strengths:
- Can attribute changes to development- Can examine variables at a later time - As a hybrid, the sequential method shares virtues of
both methods Weaknesses:
- Expensive- Difficult- Mortality