single and double replacement reactions
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Single and Double Replacement Reactions. Single-replacement reaction. Mg + CuSO 4 MgSO 4 + Cu. General form: A + BC AC + B. Double-replacement reaction. CaCO 3 + 2 HCl CaCl 2 + H 2 CO 3. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Single and Double Replacement Reactions
Double-replacement reaction
CaCO3 + 2 HCl CaCl2 + H2CO3
General form: AB + CD AD + CB
Single-replacement reaction
Mg + CuSO4 MgSO4 + Cu
General form: A + BC AC + B
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Ca
Activity Series
Foiled again –Foiled again –Aluminum loses to CalciumAluminum loses to Calcium
Element Reactivity
LiRbKBaCaNaMgAlMnZnCrFeNiSnPbH2
CuHgAgPtAu
Halogen Reactivity
F2
Cl2Br2
I2
PrintableVersion
ofActivitySeries
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Activity Series of the elements
• Activity series – list of elements organized according to the ease with which the elements undergo certain chemical reactions.
• Used to predict if a reaction will take place• For metals – greater activity means loss of
electrons• For nonmetals – greater activity means
ease to gain electrons
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• Order of listing is usually determined by single-replacement reactions
• Most active element is placed at the top of the series
• An element can replace any element below it on the series
• An element cannot replace any element above it on the series
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Double Replacement
Double replacement – ions of two compounds exchange places in an aqueous solution to form two new compounds
AX + BY AY + BX
FeS + 2HCl H2S + FeCl2
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Types of Double Replacement Reactions
1. Formation of a precipitate
2. Formation of a gas
3. Formation of water
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Potassium reacts with Water
P O W !P O W !
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Mg + AlCl3
Al + MgCl2
Predict if these reactions will occur
Al + MgCl2
Can magnesium replace aluminum?
Activity Series
YES, magnesium is more reactive than aluminum.
2 23 3
Can aluminum replace magnesium?
Activity Series
NO, aluminum is less reactive than magnesium.
Therefore, no reaction will occur.
No reaction
MgCl2 + Al No reaction
The question we must ask is can the single element replace its counterpart? metal replaces metal or nonmetal replaces nonmetal.
Order of reactants DOES NOT
determine how they react.
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Single-Replacement Reactions
FeCl2 + Cu
MgBr2 + Cl2
“Magic blue-earth”
Zinc in nitric acid2
A + BC AC + BGeneral Form
Zn(NO3)2 + H2
Can Fe replace Cu? Yes
LiRbKBaCaNaMgAlMnZnCrFeNiSnPbH2
CuHgAgPtAu
F2
Cl2Br2
I2
Can Zn replace H? Yes
Can Br replace Cl? No
NO REACTION
Fe + CuCl2
Zn + HNO3
MgCl2 + Br2
Activity Series
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Double Replacement Reaction
K2CO3 (aq)Potassium carbonate
BaCl2 (aq)Barium chloride
2 KCl (aq)Potassium chloride
BaCO3 (s)Barium carbonate
+ +
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TABLE OF SOLUBILITIES IN WATER
aluminum s aq n s n s aq aq s aq dammonium aq aq aq aq aq aq aq aq aq aq aq
barium aq aq s aq s aq aq aq s s dcalcium aq aq s aq aq ss aq aq s s d
copper (II) aq aq s aq s s n aq s aq siron (II) aq aq s aq n s s aq s aq siron (III) aq aq n aq s s n aq s s d
lead aq s s ss s s s aq s s smagnesium aq aq s aq aq s aq aq s aq dmercury (I) s s s s s n s aq s s simercury (II) aq s s aq s s s aq s d sipotassium aq aq aq aq aq aq aq aq aq aq aq
silver s s s s s n s s s s ssodium aq aq aq aq aq aq aq aq aq aq aq
zinc aq aq s aq aq s aq aq s aq s
acet
ate
brom
ide
carb
onat
e
chlo
ride
chro
mat
e
hydr
oxid
e
iodi
de
nitra
te
phos
phat
e
sulfa
te
sulfi
de
Legends = solidaq = aqueousd = decomposesn = not isolated
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Solubility Rules
1. Most nitrates are soluble.
2. Most salts containing Group I ion and ammonium ion, NH4+, are soluble.
3. Most chloride, bromide, and iodide salts are soluble, except Ag+, Pb2+ and Hg2
2+.
Ohn-Sabatello, Morlan, Knoespel, Fast Track to a 5 Preparing for the AP Chemistry Examination 2006, page 91
4. Most sulfate salts are soluble, except BaSO4, PbSO4, Hg2SO4, and CaSO4.
5. Most hydroxides except Group 1 and Ba(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, and Ca(OH)2 are only slightly soluble.
6. Most sulfides, carbonates, chromates, and phosphates are only slightly soluble.
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Find the precipitate1. HCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) HNO3( ) + AgCl( )2. 3 CaCl2(aq) + 2 Na3PO4(aq) Ca3(PO4)2( ) + 6 NaCl( )3. Pb(NO3)2(aq ) + BaCl2( aq ) PbCl2( ) + Ba(NO3)2( )
4. FeCl3(aq) + 3 NaOH(aq) Fe(OH)3( ) + 3 NaCl( )5. H2SO4(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) 2 H2O( ) + CaSO4( )
6. 2 KOH(aq) + CuSO4(aq) K2SO4( ) + Cu(OH)2( )
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Predict if these reactions will occur
HCl(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)
Will a precipitate form?
HNO3( ) ?aq + PbCl2( )?SYes, so the reaction will take place.
Don’t forget to balance the equation
22
NH4OH(aq) + CaSO4(aq)
Will a precipitate form?
(NH4)2SO4( ) ?aq + Ca(OH)2( )?aq
No, so the reaction will not take place.
No reaction