Urbanization & Innovation

City of Garden? Or A Fine City?

SINGAPORE

Background Information of Singapore

Location: Southeast Asia Population: 5,535,000 (2015)

Density: 7,697/km2 (3rd) GDP: $452.686 billion (2014)

Water: 1. NEWater: reclaimed water, purified wastewater (dual-membrane & ultraviolet tech), consumed by humans, mostly for industries

Innovations Have Affected Urbanization:

3

Water: 2. Desalinated Seawater: Low cost ($0.49), Low NRG (3

kWh/m ), 3 plants ( 25% of water needs)

Innovations Have Affected Urbanization:

Land: 1. Reclaimed Land: land fill, for greater population, 100

km (22%), used in housing, airport, industries and even

amusement parks2

Innovations Have Affected Population Growth:

Land: 2. High-rise buildings : highly developed architecture, 64 skyscrapers higher than 140 meters, 90% of population lives in high-rise apartments

Innovations Have Affected Population Growth:

Negative of Innovations/Urbanization Have Caused:

Urban Heat Island (UHL):Temperature in densely urban areas higher than the

surrounding countryside

Causes: 1. High buildings obstructing the release of heat 2. Combustion and people’s metabolism

Negative of Innovations/Urbanization Have Caused:

Deforestation:Causes: 1. Agriculture: Pepper & Gambier (dye agent) 2. Transportation: CRL

Effects: 1. Native animals going extinct 2. Haze

3. Floods

Works Cited

"Causes of Urban Heat Island in Singapore: An investigation using computational fluid

dynamics (CFD)." Cool Roofs and Cool Pavements Toolkit. N.p., 22 June 2009. Web. 1 June 2016.

<http://www.coolrooftoolkit.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/UHI-Singapore.pdf>.

"Desalinated Water." PUB. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 June 2016. <https://www.pub.gov.sg/watersupply/fournationaltaps/desalinatedwater>.

"Latest Data." Department of Statistics Singapore. N.p., 31 May 2016. Web. 1 June 2016. <http://www.singstat.gov.sg/statistics/latest-data#16>.

Mah, Michael. "Deforestation in Singapore." Blogs@NTU. Michael Mah, Oct. 2014. Web. 1 June

2016. <https://blogs.ntu.edu.sg/hp331-2014-37/>.

"NEWater." PUB. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 June 2016. <https://www.pub.gov.sg/watersupply/fournationaltaps/newater>.

Rutledge, Kim, and Melissa McDaniel. "Urban Heat Island." Ed. Kara West. NATIONAL

GEOGRAPHY SOCIETY. N.p., 21 Jan. 2011. Web. 1 June 2016. <http://nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/urban-heat-island/>.

"Singapore." Emporis. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 June 2016. <http://www.emporis.com/city/100422/singapore-singapore>.