singapore standardisation programme
TRANSCRIPT
Singapore StandardisationProgramme
Deputy Director
Standards
13 April 2021
Webinar recording link: https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/recording/6943696719149112072
Introduction of Singapore’s Standards & Conformance (S&C) Ecosystem
The Standards & Conformance (S&C) Ecosystem
3
Needs
INDUSTRY
REGULATORS
Addressed by
Q&E LEVERS
Assess competence
TESTING & CERTIFICATION BODIES
Assess conformance
Enterprise
Adopted by
ConformanceStandards
used by
GENERAL POPULATION
Ensure compliance
to safety and health
REGULATIONS
Referenced in
ACCREDITATION
STANDARDS
Information on this slide is confidential. It shall not be used or referred to by third parties without prior written consent from Enterprise Singapore.
4
STANDARDSDEVELOPMENT
TESTING, INSPECTION & CERTIFICATION (TIC)
ACCREDITATION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY, WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
Develop and review national and
international standards
Develop TIC sector Ensure quality andcompetence of TIC
Ensure safety of household consumer goods and
accuracy of weights
Quality & Excellence (QE) infrastructure enables industry transformation and internationalization
Improve trust in Singapore products
and services
Health, Safety & Environment
Tap into International opportunities
Build resilient, competitive industries
ESG plays both the roles of a National Standards Body (NSB) and a National Accreditation Body (NAB) in the S&C value chain
Information on this slide is confidential. It shall not be used or referred to by third parties without prior written consent from Enterprise Singapore.
Singapore standardisation programme
• Administers the Singapore standardisation programme
• Formulates the policies, strategies, programmes and procedures of the Singapore standardisation programme
• Publishes voluntary Singapore Standards and Technical References
• Influences and safeguards Singapore's interest at international and regional standards fora
Enterprise Singapore as the National Standards Body
• Industry-led
• Approves the contents of Singapore Standards and Technical References
• Sets up committees & working Groups to develop new standards and review existing standards
• Advises and assists ESG in implementing the policies, strategies, programmes and procedures of the Singapore standardisation programme
Singapore Standards Council (appointed by ESG)
5
Information on this slide is confidential. It shall not be used or referred to by third parties without prior written consent from Enterprise Singapore.
Structure of the Singapore Standards Council (SSC)
Standards are developed based on the principles of transparency, openness, impartiality, consensus, market relevance and coherence.
Strategic direction & Secretariat provided by Enterprise Singapore
60 Technical Committees
180 Working Groups
Smart Nation Silver IndustryCybersecurity
Standards Promotion Committee
Coordinating Committees
Standards Committees
Environment & Resources
Quality & Safety
Electrical & Electronic
Building &Construction
InformationTechnology
ChemicalBiomedical& Health
Food Manufacturing ServicesTrade &
Connectivity(New)
6Information on this slide is confidential. It shall not be used or referred to by third parties without prior written consent from Enterprise Singapore.
7
Roles of the Singapore Standards Council
Singapore Standards Council Provide overall strategic directions to the Singapore Standardisation Programme;
Set up standards committees and coordinating committees
Standards CommitteesProvide strategic & technical directions for technical committees;
Set up technical committees and approve the draft standards
Technical CommitteesProvide strategic & technical directions in specific area of standardization;
Set up working groups and endorse the draft standards;
Working GroupsPrepare draft standards
Coordinating CommitteesCoordinate standardisation work that cuts across industries and government agencies
Information on this slide is confidential. It shall not be used or referred to by third parties without prior written consent from Enterprise Singapore.
Government agencies
Industry associations / Professional bodies
Companies
There are some 2600 standards partners contributing in various standards development and
promotion work
Building up a strong standards ecosystem
8
Institutes of higher learning / Research institutions
Information on this slide is confidential. It shall not be used or referred to by third parties without prior written consent from Enterprise Singapore.
Types of Standards
Overview of Singapore Standards Products
10
Factors to decide which standardization route to use
For a detailed comparison, please refer to Annex 1.
Overview Workshop Agreement Technical Reference Singapore Standard
Recommended development time
≤ 6 months6 – 12 months 12 – 24 months
Consensus levelLimited consensus
General agreement
High level of consensus
2/3 affirmative votes
Full consensus
Public comment 2/3 affirmative votes
TC/SC approval of final draft
Approved during the
workshop
Validity period 2 years 3 years 5 years
Information on this slide is confidential. It shall not be used or referred to by third parties without prior written consent from Enterprise Singapore.
Singapore StandardisationFocus Areas
Standardisation Focus Areas under Singapore Standards Council strategic plan
Three key trends are impacting the standardisation needs of national and industry initiatives.
12• Renewables & Energy Storage
• Circular Economy (e.g. sustainable
production)
• Low Carbon Technologies (e.g.
carbon capture, utilisation and
storage)
• Sustainability Policies (e.g.
sustainable financing)
• Trade & Supply Chain Resilience
• Infrastructure & Community
Resilience
• Business Resilience
• Healthcare Resilience
• Cybersecurity & IoT
• AI & Data Analytics
• Emerging Technologies (e.g.
drones, blockchains)
• Digital Transactions & Platforms
Resilience Digitalisation Sustainability
Information on this slide is confidential. It shall not be used or referred to by third parties without prior written consent from Enterprise Singapore.12
Standards supporting sustainabilityUse case: Energy Storage Systems
13
New Singapore Technical Reference
provides guidelines on planning,
performance assessment, risk
assessment and safety considerations
for deploying and maintaining storage
systems in Singapore.
Critical in supporting Singapore's target
of at least 2 gigawatt-peak of solar
deployment by 2030 as it helps to
integrate more solar energy into the
power grid.
Information on this slide is confidential. It shall not be used or referred to by third parties without prior written consent from Enterprise Singapore.
14
Singapore Technical Reference will be the world first
standard on design and installation guidelines of
floating solar photovoltaic (PV) power plants.
(expected completion by the end 2020)
Information on this slide is confidential. It shall not be used or referred to by third parties without prior written consent from Enterprise Singapore.
Supports SG Solar PV roadmap to increase solar capacity to 2GWp to meet about 4% of
Singapore’s total electricity demand by 2030
Standards supporting sustainabilityUse case: Floating solar photovoltaic power plants
Standard supporting sustainabilityUse case: Electric Vehicle Charging System
15Information on this slide is confidential. It shall not be used or referred to by third parties without prior written consent from Enterprise Singapore.
Deployment of EVs in Singapore
Electric taxis Electric buses
Electric car-sharing
programme
Singapore plans to have all vehicles run on
clean energy (e.g. EVs and hybrids) by
2040.
Relevant government agencies have
leveraged the standardisation programme to
develop standards on EV Charging (TR 25)
to support public trials.
These efforts ensure a robust public
charging infrastructure for EVs.
Singapore’s Participation in ISO and IEC
17
ISO – A Global Structure
Information on this slide is confidential. It shall not be used or referred to by third parties without prior written consent from Enterprise Singapore.
165 national members98% of world GNI
97% of world population
Central Secretariat in Geneva
150 FTE staff from 24 nationalities
254 active TCs
3,696 technicalbodies
4,465 documents under development
Collection of 23574ISO Standards
1627 standards produced
in 2020
Over 900 organizations
in liaison
ISO Strategy
2021-2030
ISO MEMBERS
ISO/CS
ISO EXPERTS
18
ISO Structure
Information on this slide is confidential. It shall not be used or referred to by third parties without prior written consent from Enterprise Singapore.
Sauw Kook CHOY (Singapore)
Chair of the TMBISO Vice-President
(Technical Management)
19
Relationship between ESG, ISO & IEC
Information on this slide is confidential. It shall not be used or referred to by third parties without prior written consent from Enterprise Singapore.
Singapore Standards
Council (SSC)
Standards Committees (SC)
Working Groups (WG)
Technical Committees
(TC)
ISO/IEC Technical Committees (TC)
ISO/IEC Sub-Committees
(SC)
National Mirror
Committees /Working Groups (NMCs/NMWGs)
ISO Technical
ManagementBoard (TMB)
IEC Standardisation
ManagementBoard (SMB)
ISO/IEC Working
Groups (WG)
20
Singapore’s participation in ISO & IEC Standardisation Work
Number of P-Memberships Number of O-Memberships
78*(e.g. Cybersecurity & Privacy protection,
Biometrics, AI, Nanotechnologies, Additive
Manufacturing, Robotics, Block chain, E-
commerce, Circular economy)
95*(e.g. Water quality, geotechnics, unmanned
aircraft systems, facility management,
personal safety)
21*(e.g. electromedical equipment, Solar PV,
Electrical energy storage systems, Internet of
Things, Smart Manufacturing)
56*(e.g. secondary cells and batteries, lightning
protection, power electronic systems and
equipment)
• Participating ‘P’ membership: Active contribution to international standards development
• Observing ‘O’ membership: Monitor International standards development activities
Information on this slide is confidential. It shall not be used or referred to by third parties without prior written consent from Enterprise Singapore.
* Accurate as of Sept 2020
Development of ISO standards led by Singapore
Water Efficiency Management
• World’s first Water Efficiency Management Systemsstandard – ISO 46001:2019 Water EfficiencyManagement System – Requirements with Guidancefor Use
• Provides a framework for organizations to analysewater usage, develop performance indicators forbenchmarking and identify potential water savingmeasures
• Based on Singapore Standard 577: 2012 WaterEfficiency Management System – Requirements withGuidance for Use
Developed SS 577 and accreditation scheme
Incorporated as part of PUB’s mandatory WEMP scheme
Provided assistance and training for standards adoptions
Recognition through PUB Watermark Award
Development of a new ISO standard
National Standards Development and Adoption Strategy
Source: https://www.iso.org/news/ref2418.html
Development of ISO standards led by Singapore
Mass Flow Metering (MFM) Bunkering
• Recently published ISO standards on MFM bunkeringand proposing new ISO standards to maintain fair tradeand promote trust in the bunker supply chain
• Singapore’s Technical Reference for Bunker Mass FlowMetering (TR 48) was used as the basis for thedevelopment of ISO 22192:2021 and ISO 21562:2020standards
TR 48 Case study link:https://scic.sg/sdoscic/index.php/resources
Participating in the Development of Relevant ISO Standards
23
This material contains confidential and/or official information. The terms and conditions governing its use can be found at www.enterprisesg.gov.sg/Terms-of-Use.
Smart Urban Mobility
• Singapore is piloting the safe deployment ofAutonomous Vehicles (AVs) as public transport in
the early 2020s
• Singapore is participating in ISO/TC 268/SC 1 and
is the project leader on ‘Smart Transportation usingAVs on public roads’. These efforts aim to developAV standards that will support making driverlesstransport a safe reality.
Smart Manufacturing
• Singapore has developed and adopted standards on areas
such as safety, connectivity and cybersecurity supporting
the deployment of smart manufacturing solutions such as
robotics, additive manufacturing and digital factory.
• In the area of robotics, Singapore is a co-leader with Japan
for the international standards development on
management system for service robots under ISO TC 299.
These efforts aims to help companies deploy service robots
across various sectors such as healthcare, retail etc in
Singapore.
• A standards toolkit (www.standardsi40.sg) was developed
to support SG companies’ adoption of smart manufacturing
solutions.
Getting Involved
• The Singapore Standardisation Programme is open to all stakeholders
• Contact Enterprise Singapore, your National Standards Body.
Singapore Standards Council, Enterprise Singapore
230 Victoria StreetLevel 9, Bugis Junction Office Tower
Singapore 188024Singapore
Tel: +65 6898 1800Fax: +65 6659 0639
E-mail: [email protected]
This material contains confidential and/or official information. The terms and conditions governing its use can be found at www.enterprisesg.gov.sg/Terms-of-Use.
Thank You
Introduction of Underwriters
Laboratories and UL Standards
Kolin LowRegional Standards Manager
(ASEAN, Japan, Korea, Australasia)
Sonya BirdDirector
International Standards
OUR MISSION
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Secretaries of IEC TC 61, 72 and 108
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First SDO to develop national
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Support national standardization
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Register and access the standards at www.shopulstandards.com
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UL Standards Development Process
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ …
NO
YES✓......
.
......
.
......
.
Credit: WTO
Producer Supply
Chain
Commercial /
Industrial
User
General AHJ /
RegulatorGovernment Testing &
StandardsConsumer International
Delegate
Chair Project
Manager
UL Staff(No voting right)
UL Standards Technical Panel
Volunteers (9 categories)
• Consensus body that votes and
approves UL standards
• Committee with a balance of
interests (no categories greater than
1/3 of total)
• Open to anyone
Proprietary & Confidential. 10
Example: UL STP 4600 – Evaluation of Autonomous Products
Interest Category Number of STP members %
Producer 7 – Includes Argo AI, Aurora Innovation, large to small producers from US and
Sweden
21.88%
Testing & Stds Org 3 – Includes UL LLC and other testing bodies 9.38%
Supply Chain 5 – Includes Intel, Infineon, Renesas, from US, Germany 15.63%
General 8 –Academia from United Kingdom, Canada, Consumer Advocates, Insurance 25.00%
Government 2 – From US Dept of Transportation, US Consumer Product Safety Commission 6.25%
Commercial & Ind’l Users 2 – Includes Uber, Nissan, American Trucking Association 6.25%
International Delegate 3 – Representatives from China (SAC), Singapore (ESG/AVTC) and Korea (KATS) 9.38%
Consumer 1 – Center for Auto Safety 3.13%
Regulator/AHJ 1 – Pennsylvania Dept of Transportation 3.13%
Non-voting Stakeholders: >200 - from 25 countries i.e. US, Canada, China, Australia,
Europe, Japan, India, Israel, Russia, etc
… Preliminary Review
Phases of the process
12
3Proposal Review
Recirculation
Proposal Submission
YES
NO
✓
_ _ _ _ __ _ _ ___ _ _ _ _
_
Each phase is processed in UL’s online
standards development system
Dec 2015-Jan. 2016
Jan 2016 2 Feb 18 Feb 6 July 21 Nov Late
2016/2017
• UL technical team is alerted to issue
• News of hoverboards fires gains media attention
UL drafting hoverboards
standard
Mid-Nov –Dec 1, 2015
• First draft of UL 2272 written
• Meetings w/key retailers
• Meeting w/US CPSC
UL announces new UL 2272
CPSC issues guidance w/ expectation of
compliance to UL 2272
CPSC announces
10-firm recall
UL 2272 achieves consensus, recognized
as a US-Canada standard (ANSI/CAN) & broadened to cover
other types of e-mobility products
• UL 2272 shared with IEC
• Adopted as Vietnamese National Standard
Joint Working Group with China Technical
Committee to harmonize standards
2018
Internationally recognized full standard
in < 12 months
• Referenced in Singapore LTA Active Mobility Act 2019
2019
Case Study: UL 2272 Crisis Response
UL Collaborative Standards Development System (CSDS)
CSDS subscription is free and open to anyone
• CSDS “Followers” to monitor progress
and provide comments
csds.ul.com
UL's web-based standards development system
✓ Proposals, Voting, Commenting, Meetings
Some UL Standards on Renewable Energy & Value Chain
UL 9540A, Standard for Test Method for Evaluating Thermal Runaway Fire Propagation in Battery Energy Storage Systems
UL 1974, Standard for Evaluation for Repurposing Batteries
UL 5800, Standard for Battery Fire Containment Products
Electric Vehicle – UL Standards Overview
15
Wish to learn more?
More details to follow
Join our Masterclass from April to September 2021
Key Takeaways
UL Standards are developed by a safety-mission driven,
nonprofit organization, with strong focus on standards,
research, data science, education and outreach for
battery value chain
International partnership and regional engagement for
standards development is key to achieve our mission
UL Standards is open for participation by stakeholders
from Singapore in various ways. Be a standards
maker.
Thank you
Kolin LowRegional Standards Manager
(ASEAN, Japan, Korea, Australasia)
Sonya BirdDirector
International Standards
Dennis Chew
Regional Director, APRC
SBC-UL Webinar
Introduction of Standardization for Battery
Value Chain
13 April 2021
Scope of the IEC
2
strengthen global trade in electrical and electronic devices, innovation, infrastructure development, smart urbanization, transportation, energy access and efficiency, safety, security of people and the environment
IEC 60417-5009 /Standby
power
• World trade in electronics & electrical devices: 19.6% (USD *3,757 trillion)
• Primary energy: 13% (USD 2,500 trillion)
• Vehicles: 7.9% (USD 1,520 trillion)
Biggest traded goods in the world
4
IEC Offices
6
ASEAN and IEC
7
• Members− Indonesia− Malaysia− Philippines− Singapore− Thailand− Vietnam
• Affiliates− Brunei Darussalam− Cambodia− Lao PDR− Myanmar
8
Global knowledge platform
9
• <20 000 experts
• > 210TC/SCs
• 10 000 International
standards
• > 1 million
certificates issued
• TC 21 Secondary cells and batteries
− SC 21A Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes
• TC 35 Primary cells and batteries
• TC 69 Electrical power/energy transfer systems for electrically propelled road vehicles and industrial trucks
• TC 120 Electrical Energy Storage (EES) Systems
IEC areas of possible interest
10
Visit https://www.iec.ch/taxonomy/term/353
To provide standards for all secondary cells and
batteries related to:
• product (dimension and performance)
• safety (including marking and labelling)
• Testing
• Safe application (installation, maintenance,
operation) irrespective of type or application
or configuration (hybrid, stand alone,
module)
TC 21 Scope
11Visit the TC dashboard here
• Automotive (car, motorcycle, truck) for starting, lighting,
ignition, start/stop
• Industrial (telecom, UPS, reliable power supply and traction)
• Electrical vehicles (full electrical vehicle, hybrid car, bicycle)
• Portable (computer, tool, lamp)
• Onboard batteries (aircraft, railway, ship, motor-home)
• Energy storage (renewable, on- grid and off-grid)
TC 21 Main applications
12
• IEC 62660 series on secondary Li-ion cells for the propulsion of EVs focusing on performance testing, reliability testing and safety requirements
• IEC 61427 series on energy storage systems for renewable energy
TC 21 Selection of standards
13
Visit https://etech.iec.ch/issue/2019-04/batteries-for-a-sustainable-world
Secondary cells
and batteries
containing
alkaline or other
non-acid
electrolytes
SC 21A
14
International Standardization
15
Principles laid down by WTO (World Trade Organization)
and followed by IEC, ISO and ITU :
▪ Ensure 1. Transparency
2. Openness
3. Impartiality and consensus
4. Effectiveness and relevance
5. Coherence
▪ Address the concerns of developing countries
Reference: Document G/TBT/1/Rev.12, January 2015 of WTO
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1
+ IEC SupplementPolicies and procedures relevant to the technical work of IEC Technical Committees
• Procedures common to IEC and ISO
• IEC supplement Procedures specific to IEC
• Includes:− Organizational structure− Project Management− Consensus and Voting− IEC Modifications and additions to Part 1− IEC Specific structures (SyCs, TC 100, CISPR)− Implementation of IEC 60050 series
(vocabulary)
16
Consolidation of editorial policies
and procedures relevant to the
drafting of all IEC deliverables
Includes :
▪ Requirements
▪ Normative vs. Informative
elements
▪ Document structure
(in line with the IEC Template)
▪ Reference material listings
▪ Graphics and terminology rules
17
ISO/IEC Directives,
Part 2
The 7 Steps of Standards development
Proposal to start a new project comes from NC, TC, SMB, liaison org.
When mature, the CD is
circulated as a Committee Draft
for Vote (CDV)
Final Draft International Standard
prepared from approved CDV and
NCs comments (FDIS)
IEC publishes International
Standard (IS)
Enquiry
Approval
Publication
Committee
Preparatory
Proposal
Preliminary(optional)
Working draft circulated as
Committee Draft (CD)
vote & mandate
resources
vote & comment
on CDV
vote on FDIS
(Accept/Reject)
Preparation of Working Draft
within the working group (WD)
P- and O-members
comment on CD
Preliminary work item added to
the work programme1
2
3
4
5
6
7
ActionStages P-Members actionsTC/SC
Decision
✓
18
Dennis Chew
Regional Director, APRC
SBC-UL Webinar
Introduction of Standardization for Battery
Value Chain
13 April 2021
ESTABLISHING TRACEABILITY FOR BATTERY MEASUREMENTS AND TESTS
Date 13 Apr 2021
Principal Metrologist, ElectricalNational Metrology Centre
Dr JING Tao
SBC-UL Masterclass: Introduction of
Standardization for Battery Value Chain
2
Content
Measurement challenges are reviewed according to battery life cycle.
Measurement needs are identified for manufacturing and optimized operations
National capabilities in providing measurement traceability for these measurements are assessed and strategies elaborated for metrological development to support the industry.
3
Battery Life Cycle
REPURPOSE
REFURBISH?
MATERIAL EXTRACTION
MANUFACTURING
DISPOSAL/ RECYCLING
4
Battery Measurement Challenges in Manufacturing
Material validation
– critical properties, formulation, purity
mass, flow, material analyses…
Process control
– dosage, ambient conditions, property monitoring
mass, temperature, pressure, dimension, conductivity...
Acceptance and Specification
– accelerated test, capacity, life span…
temperature, voltage, current, time, power…
5
Battery Measurement Challenges during Utilization
Battery management system
– detects dynamic power-in and -out and environ conditions
– so to calculate n predict: SoC, DoD, SoH, internal impedance, energy
– to take switching actions for optimized operations and protection.
temp (non-invasive?), voltage, current, time, impedance, power n energy
Charging station management system
– + metering, environ monitoring, power quality analysis
+ harmonics and dips, EM field, gas composition
Diagnostics and localization of failure and possible failure propagation
temperature, size, pressure, impedance, signal impulse.
Performance, degradation analyses, end-of-service thresholds
6
Battery Measurement Challenges in Repurposing
Reusability thresholds
– SoH, DoD, output impedance, internal energy loss
current, time, discharge power.
Identifying, charactering and refurbishing units for targeted 2nd life applications
Battery management system
Diagnostics and localization of failure and possible failure propagation
Performance, degradation analyses, end-of-life thresholds.
7
Battery Measurement Challenges in Recycling
Identifying parts and process for material extraction
Dismantling big parts
Shredding
Separating
Purifying/refining
reuse.
more on process design rather than new physical measurement need.
8
Battery Charging and Discharging Parameters
Capacity: Max nominal charge stored by a battery �� � � � �� � · �
�
�(Ah)
Status of health: current capacity QM compared with
nominal one: SoH �����
, %
State of Charge: fraction of available Q :
��� ��
��, %
Depth of Discharge: fraction of charge removed:
DoD �����
��, %
Cycle lifetime: number of charging cycles when ���� 80 %
Changing and Discharging Rate: �� � � !"#$
9
Quantities Involved in Battery Industry
Electrical: current, voltage, power and energy, power quality, electromagnetic field, time and frequency
Mechanical and environment: temperature, pressure, mass, flow, dimensional, dosage.
Chemical and material: iron dynamic, thermal dynamic in electrolyte, gas compositions, purity.
9
10
Metrology Role in Quality and Conformance
Test
Metrology
Certification
Market
AccuracyTraceability
ComplianceRecognition
RegistrationAcceptance
National Standards & Conformance Framework
11
Ensuring Measurement Traceability
Primary Standards
Secondary Standards
SI
Working Standards
Measurements and tests in Industry, Science, Engineering, …
Bilateral Arrangement
Regional Scheme
International Scheme
Dissemination by calibrations Equivalence by comparisons
ProficiencyTest
12
AC and DC
RF-Microwave
MassMass
PressurePressure
VacuumVacuum
ForceForce
FlowFlow
Tempera-ture
Tempera-ture
HumidityHumidity
Acoustic & Vibration
Acoustic & Vibration
GasGas
Time & Frequency
Optical Radiation
Length & Dimension
Electrical Mechanical Optical
NMC Metrology Areas
13
Carry out R&D in
– High resistance and low signal determination
– Electrical shielding and grounding design
– Electrical insulation design
– Failure analysis of breakdown/flashover
– Electrostatic charge control
– Electrical power and energy verifications
– Electrical circuit and field analysis, and
– Measurement uncertainty evaluation.
Electrical Metrology Capabilities
Establish and maintain national measurement standards for
– Voltage, current
– Resistance, Capacitance, Inductance
– AC-DC Difference
– Power, Energy, Phase
– High Voltage, high current.
Quantum V standard
Quantum R standard
Novel high voltage detector
Low Magnetic field detection
Device characterization
Harmonics calibration
Electrostatic decay mechanisms
14
Temperature Metrology Capabilities
Primary standards for fixed point
Platinum resistance thermometer
Thermocouple
Radiation thermometer/ surface thermometer
Constant temperature bath and furnace
Blackbody furnace
Humidity generator
Hygrometer.
Field Simulationof voltage and thermal distributions based on boundary conditions.
15
Next Steps to Serve the Battery Industry
Gas detectors/ analyzers: to understand more the decomposition gases from various electrolytes of batteries, and so to develop relevant sensors and design their calibrations
to understand magnetic filed around wireless charging station and follow up with measurement meters and develop calibrations and precautions
to study on how uncertainty in measurements is propagated from manufacturing, original installation to operation during life span
would meters on vehicles need calibrations so that the data collected are with traceability and confidence? How?
THANK YOU
www.a-star.edu.sg
