sims 213: user interface design & development marti hearst thurs, jan 27, 2005
Post on 21-Dec-2015
213 views
TRANSCRIPT
SIMS 213: User Interface Design & Development
Marti HearstThurs, Jan 27, 2005
Slide by James Landay
Why User-Centered Design?
System will fail if it:– does not do what the user needs– is not appropriate for the user
Why don’t we just define a “good interface”?– There is a huge variety of users and tasks– Guidelines are usually too vague
e.g. “Provide feedback”, “Be intuitive”
User-Centered Design OverviewNeeds assessment– Find out
• who users are• what their goals are• what tasks they need to perform
– Task Analysis• Characterize what steps users need to take• Create scenarios of actual use• Decide which users and tasks to support
Design based on thisEvaluation– Test interface by “walking through” tasks– Do this before implementation
Slide adapted from Ben Shneiderman
Participatory Design
A subset of user-centered designUser actively participates in design of the systemPros:– potentially more accurate information about the tasks– more opportunity for users to influence the design
decisions– buy-in from sense of participation– potential greater acceptance of final system
Slide adapted from Ben Shneiderman
Participatory Design
Cons (potential):– more costly– lengthier implementation period– antagonism from those whose suggestion are not
incorporated– force designers to compromise design– exacerbate personality conflicts between designers and users– highlight organizational politics
Slide by James Landay
Caveats
Politics– advocating change can cause controversy– get a sense of the organization– important to get buy-in from all those involved
Don’t design forever without prototyping– rapid prototyping, evaluation, & iteration is key to
technique
Example: Student Course Enrollment:How to Help Students Achieve their Goals?
enroll in sims 213
learn to build useful systems
become successful IT manager
achieve lifetime of success
Help Users Achieve Goals
Example: Course Enrollment Software– What matters from the programmers’ point of view?– What matters from users’ point of view?– What about the course administrators?
User-Centered Design Example
Course Registration (Tele-bears re-design)SIMS 213, Spring 2003
Group Manager: Amy TodenhagenDocumentation Manager: Kimberley ChambersSoftware Manager: Nadine FiebrichDesign Manager: Zhanna ShamisUser Testing Manager: Anna Teplitskaya
User-centered Design Example
Problem Statement
User-centered Design Example
Participants
User-Centered Design Example
Needs Assessment Procedure:– Answer the needs assessment questions– Make a table showing
• user types• tasks• (guesses about) relative frequencies of tasks
– Decide which of the new tasks users may perform using the new interface.
• Make note of which ideas you decided to drop based on your interviews.
Slide adapted from James Landay
Needs Assessment Questions
Who is going to use the system?What tasks do they now perform?What tasks are desired?How are the tasks learned?Where are the tasks performed?What is the relationship between the user and the data?
Slide adapted from James Landay
Needs assessment Questions
What other tools does the user have?How do users communicate with each other?How often are the tasks performed?What are the (time) constraints on the task?What happens when things go wrong?What happens when things go wrong?
User-centered Design Example
Needs assessment techniques:– Observation– Interviews– Study existing successful designs
User-Centered Design Example
Interview– Prepare a list of questions about how people do their task
now and what they would like to have be different.– Interview at least three people
• Try to identify people with different needs and preferences, with respect to their attitudes about using online ordering systems.
– Ask them what, if anything, must be in the system in order for them to prefer it over the current system
• Refer to needs assessment questions shown above.– Go look at existing interfaces for the goal and see how
they handle the necessary tasks.
User-centered Design Example
Interview Participants:– Graduate: 1st Year Masters– Graduate: PhD– Undergrad: Freshman1– Undergrad: Freshman2– Undergrad: Junior Transfer– Undergrad: Senior Transfer– Undergrad: Senior
User-centered Design Example
Interview Questions & Summary Results
User-centered Design Example
Interview Questions & Summary Results
User-centered Design Example
User-centered Design Example
Interview Questions & Summary Results
User-centered Design Example
User-centered Design Example
Interview Questions & Summary Results
Slide adapted from Ben Shneiderman
Task Analysis
Characterize what happens when users perform typical tasksTools:– table of user communities vs. tasks
• Who x What– table of task sequences– flowchart or transition diagram– videotape depicting scenario
Slide adapted from James Landay's
How Often Do Users Perform the Tasks?
Frequent users remember more detailsInfrequent users may need more promptingWhich function is performed– most frequently?– by which users?– optimize system for tasks that will improve
perception of its performance
User-Centered Design Example
Task Analysis Table
User-Centered Design Example
Task Analysis Table
User-Centered Design Example
Task Analysis Table
Augment Table with Percentages(What percentage of the is this task done by this person)(Numbers are only suggestive, adapted from Shneiderman 98)
J ob Title Query by Patient Update Data Query acrossPatients
Add Attributes
Nurse 14% 11%
Physician 6% 4%
Supervisor 1% 1% 4%
Appointmentadministrator
26%
Clinical researcher 8%
Databaseprogrammer
2% 2%
Next Week
Readings:– Cooper (Inmates, Chs. 9-11) – Holtzblatt (in reader)– Newman & Landay
Topics:– Scenarios, Personas