simplifying assessment in criminal … assessment in criminal justice and treatment settings: using...
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SIMPLIFYING ASSESSMENT IN CRIMINAL
JUSTICE AND TREATMENT SETTINGS: USING
TCU TOOLS TO ENSURE EFFECTIVE
SERVICES
Upcoming webinar August 20th, 2015, 3 pm EDTDeveloping a Strategy for Effective Employer Engagement
Register: http://www.performwell.org
Previous webinars June 25th, 2015 Making the Most of Coordinated Entry: Developing a Performance-Focused System
Archived Recording: http://www.socialsolutions.com
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION IN DRUG COURTS: SUCCESS USING REWARDS AND SANCTIONS
Moderator
Josie Alleman
Strategic
Initiatives
Consultant
Social Solutions
Dr. Kevin Knight
Associate Director
for Criminal Justice
Studies
Texas Christian
University
Presenters
Ben Ekelund
Administrator of
Training and
Consulting
Center for Health
and Justice at TASC
Phillip Barbour
Master Trainer
Center for Health
and Justice at TASC
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0
10
20
30
40
50
None Low Moderate Substantial Severe
% Reincarceration (15 Months)
Drug Use Severity
Drug Use Severity and Reincarceration
N=324; Weekes, Milison, & Lightfoot, http://198.103.98.138/crd/forum/e073/e073c.htm© 2014
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2
12
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Sanctions InappropriateTreatment
AppropriateTreatment
-7 -6
30
Andrews, D.A. 1994. An Overview of Treatment Effectiveness. Research and Clinical
Principles, Department of Psychology, Carleton University.
% R
ed
uc
tio
n in
Re
cid
ivis
mProviding Appropriate Treatment?
© 2014
The Wisdom of the Dakota Indians: When you discover you are riding a
dead horse, the best strategy is to dismount.
© 2015
Retention
Posttreatment
DrugUse
Crime
SocialRelations
Participation
in Treatment
Therapeutic
Relationship
Change:
Acting
Change:
Thinking
Risks & Needs
Using Screening and AssessmentTools to Inform Treatment
What Works with “Highest Efficiency?”
Low Intensity
(Educational
in General Pop)
High Intensity
(Structured
& Segregated)
Aftercare
(or Re-entry)
Program
OffenderDrug Use?
LowSeverity
HighSeverity
Longer
Term
TCU Drug Screen
TCU Drug Screen (TCU DRUG SCREEN II & V)
The TCU Drug Screen is a self-administered, brief screen
that identifies individuals with a history of heavy drug use
or dependency/addiction (based on the DSM and the
NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule) and who therefore
should be eligible for treatment options
83 84 84
70
30
TCUDS ASI-D SSI SASSI-2 Others
Alcohol and Drug Dependence Screens
% Overall Correct Classification
N=400; Peters et al., 2000 (Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment)© 2014
TCU Drug Screen (TCUDS):
Short assessment (2 pages) for --
• Drug problems/dependence• Treatment history/needs
Eligible for Treatment?The TCU Drug Screen
47%
24%
1. TCUDS Diagnosis
2. Existing Records
71% referred to treatment
Assessments:N ~ 50,000
per Year
All newinmates at
state jails/prisons
© 2014
TCU Criminal Thinking Scales (TCU CTS)
TCU Criminal Thinking Scales (TCU CTSFORM)
1. Entitlement – sense of ownership and privilege, misidentifying
wants as needs.
2. Justification – justify actions based on external circumstances
or actions of others.
3. Power Orientation – need for power, control, and retribution.
4. Cold Heartedness – callousness and lack of emotional
involvement in relationships.
5. Criminal Rationalization – negative attitude toward the law
and authority figures.
6. Personal Irresponsibility – unwillingness to accept ownership
for criminal actions.
Risk-Need-Responsivity:
A Foundation for Evidence-Based
Justice Decisions
TCU FORMSAND THEIR ROLE IN THE CJ SYSTEM
BEN EKELUND – ADMINISTRATOR AT
THE CENTER FOR HEALTH AND JUSTICE (CHJ) AT TASC, IL&
PHILLIP BARBOUR – MASTER TRAINER CHJ
Risk-Need-Responsivity:
A Foundation for Evidence-Based
Justice Decisions
TCU Tools
• The TCU Treatment System includes a set of assessments and manual-guided interventions that “target” specific needs and status of clients in different stages of change during treatment.
Risk-Need-Responsivity:
A Foundation for Evidence-Based
Justice Decisions
Screening vs. Assessment
• Screening: Process for evaluating the possible presence of a disorder
• Assessment: Process for defining the nature of a problem, determining diagnosis, and developing treatment plan
Risk-Need-Responsivity:
A Foundation for Evidence-Based
Justice Decisions
• Delinquent onset (< 16 years)
• Age at first arrest (<25 years)
• Substance abuse onset (< 14 years)
• History of (violent) convictions
• Prior incarcerations
• Prior rehabilitation failures
• Others?
Static Risk Factors
Risk-Need-Responsivity:
A Foundation for Evidence-Based
Justice Decisions
Dynamic Needs
1. Antisocial attitudes
2. Antisocial friends and peers
3. Antisocial personality pattern
4. Substance abuse
5. Family and/or marital problems
6. Lack of education
7. Poor employment history
8. Lack of prosocial leisure activities
Risk-Need-Responsivity:
A Foundation for Evidence-Based
Justice DecisionsPractice Implications
High Risk Low Risk
High
SA Needs
(moderate -
severe)
Low
SA Needs
(mild)
Status calendar
Treatment
Prosocial and life skills
Abstinence is distal
Positive reinforcement
Self-help/alumni groups
~ 18-24 mos. (~200 hrs.)
Noncompliance calendar
Treatment (separate milieu)
Life skills
Abstinence is distal
Positive reinforcement
Self-help/alumni groups
~ 12-18 mos. (~150 hrs.)
Status calendar
Prosocial habilitation
Abstinence is proximal
Negative reinforcement
~ 12-18 mos. (~100
hrs.)
Noncompliance calendar
Psychoeducation
Abstinence is proximal
Individual/stratified groups
~ 3-6 mos. (~ 12-26 hrs.)
Adapted from Marlowe, 2013
Risk-Need-Responsivity:
A Foundation for Evidence-Based
Justice Decisions
Criminal Justice Treatment Forms
• Criminal Risk and Criminal History Assessment
• TCUD - V
• Criminal Thinking Scales
Risk-Need-Responsivity:
A Foundation for Evidence-Based
Justice Decisions
Criminal Thinking Scales
• Entitlement – sense of ownership and privilege, misidentifying wants as needs
• Justification – justify actions based on external circumstances or actions of others
• Power Orientation – need for power, control, and retribution
Risk-Need-Responsivity:
A Foundation for Evidence-Based
Justice Decisions
Criminal Thinking Scales
• Cold Heartedness – callousness and lack of emotional involvement in relationships
• Criminal Rationalization – negative attitude toward the law and authority figures
• Personal Irresponsibility – unwillingness to accept ownership for criminal actions.
Risk-Need-Responsivity:
A Foundation for Evidence-Based
Justice Decisions
TASC and TCU - A Brief History
• TASC (now CHJ) has been working with TCU for over 10-years on a number of research projects, most notably the CJDATS I – II studies. Our work has encompassed change team initiatives, TCU screening and assessment implementation, HIV/AIDS interventions and research on MAT interventions.
• In 2013, TCU contracted with CHJ to provide training and TA on the use of the TCU Interventions with the CJ population.
Risk-Need-Responsivity:
A Foundation for Evidence-Based
Justice Decisions
NEW Website
www.ibr.tcu.edu
Risk-Need-Responsivity:
A Foundation for Evidence-Based
Justice Decisions
How the TCU Tools are used at TASC
• Point of referral from the courts
• As a triage tool for program eligibility
• To identify whether a full assessment should be done
• To provide collateral information to the self report from the client
Risk-Need-Responsivity:
A Foundation for Evidence-Based
Justice Decisions
How the TCU Tools are used at TASC (cont)
• To determine readiness for change
• To target criminal thinking for intervention
• To help determine psychological functioning
• To asset with evaluating social functioning
• To measure treatment engagement and process
Risk-Need-Responsivity:
A Foundation for Evidence-Based
Justice Decisions
How the TCU Tools are used at TASC (cont)
• There are 12- primary short forms that make up the core assessment forms in the TCU assessment
• At http://www.ibr.tcu.edu you will find over 50 tools, not only for direct service work, but also organizational analysis
• All tools have been normed with a variety of populations, both adolescent, and adults, men and women
Risk-Need-Responsivity:
A Foundation for Evidence-Based
Justice Decisions
Administration and Scoring Notes
• Most of the forms are available in Spanish and English
• Scantron Forms (cost varies)
• Spreadsheet developed by TCU to assist with manual application
• Written at a 5th grade reading level
Risk-Need-Responsivity:
A Foundation for Evidence-Based
Justice Decisions
Administration and Scoring Notes (cont.)
• Mastering a few scoring rules will allow you to score any of the forms in the Matrix– Review the response accuracy check questions first– There is some reverse scoring done– Some scoring involve simple calculations to get the
right value– Utilizing the spreadsheets will reduce the risk of
human error
Risk-Need-Responsivity:
A Foundation for Evidence-Based
Justice Decisions
Recommended Cut Scores
• TCU Drug Screen II (TCUDS II)
• Low 0-2
• Medium 3-6
• High 7-9
Risk-Need-Responsivity:
A Foundation for Evidence-Based
Justice Decisions
Criminal Thinking Scales (CTSForm)
• Re-grouped by scales
• Responses are 1= Strongly Disagree to 5= Strongly Agree
• Six scales make up the test
– Refer to key definitions
• No more than ½ the items in any one scale can be missing
Risk-Need-Responsivity:
A Foundation for Evidence-Based
Justice Decisions
Scoring Guideline
• A “high” score on any of the 6 TCU CTS scales (scores ranging from 10 to 50 for each scale) indicates “need” for criminal thinking intervention. Scores at or above the following scores for each scale indicates the level of criminal thinking for that scale.
Risk-Need-Responsivity:
A Foundation for Evidence-Based
Justice Decisions
Recommended Cut Scores
• Scale Low Med High
• Entitlement 10-17 18-20 21-40
• Justification 10-18 19-22 23-40
• Pers. Irres. 10-18 19-24 25-40
• Power Or. 10-22 23-27 28-40
• Cold Hear. 10-20 21-23 24-40
• Crim. Rat. 10-28 29-35 36-40
Risk-Need-Responsivity:
A Foundation for Evidence-Based
Justice Decisions
TCU Forms
• Considerations for Administering:– Can administer individually or in group
– Administer at different points of treatment process
– Segregate scores by gender or intake group so you don’t skew norms
– Collect information on assessment results by staff or program
– Share results with clients
Risk-Need-Responsivity:
A Foundation for Evidence-Based
Justice Decisions
Thank You
• Ben Ekelund
– 312-573-8337
• Phil Barbour
– 312-573-8354
Developing a Strategy for Employer Engagement
Guest Speakers: Scott Ellsworth, Lucy Houchin, and Tom West
NEXT WEBINAR
August 20th, 3:00-4:30pm EST
Register at www.performwell.org
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