simplicity | naturalness | restraintsimplicity | naturalness | restraint

“Simplicity does not precede complexity, but follows it.”Alan Perlis

“I would not give a fig for the simplicity this side

of complexity, but I would give my life for the

simplicity on the other side of complexity.” Oliver Wendell HolmesOliver Wendell Holmes

“What we mean by ’simple’

is finding the core of the

idea. ‘Finding the core’

means stripping an idea

down to its most critical

essence.”Heath brothers, “Made to Stick”

“The ability to simplify

means to eliminate the

unnecessary so that the

necessary may speak.” Hans Hofmann

PowerPointfriend or foe?friend or foe?

simplicity | naturalness | restraint

The moment of

curiosity is the

moment of

education

Are your presentations fit

for purpose?

PowerPoint has reduced the world to PowerPoint has reduced the world to

a picture and a few bulletsa picture and a few bullets

WMDs

This is going to be boring

You don’t know your stuffYou don’t know your stuff

You’re not up-to-date

You’re lazy

You’re wasting my time

“I have to tell you why I still use chalkboard

and do not use PowerPoint. Because I’ve

studied learning mechanisms long enough to

know that it takes time to take in the primary

information and associate it.

I feel if I just flash on things you don’t get it. If

you write, you use your kinesthetic sense.

Dr Marian Diamond,

U.C. Berkley

Why a neuroscientist doesn’t use Why a neuroscientist doesn’t use

PowerPointPowerPoint

Her image

you write, you use your kinesthetic sense.

That’s one way. It slows me down, it slows you

down. And I also repeat all the time, because

we know repeating reinforces. First time

through you have an ionic exchange, second

time through you have protein synthesis. So

we’re using things that have been shown for

learning rather than just keeping up with the

technology.”

presentation Zenpresentation Zen A long time ago – before

PowerPoint was invented –

in a galaxy far, far away,

leaders gave presentations

backed by large electronic

wall displays.

Notice how he uses the

entire wide screen to

display only visual

information, a digital vector

animation of the inner

workings of the death star.workings of the death star.

Notice too how he has

gathered the troops close to

the front, how he himself

stands close to the back-lit

screen (even slightly in front

of it at times), and maintains

eye-contact with the

audience, occasionally

pointing to key areas of the

animation on screen.

General Dodonna (Star Wars IV) briefing a

packed room full of starpilots, navigators,

and droids.

or PowerPoint or PowerPoint –– what are we doing?what are we doing?What the same

presentation

would look like

following

conventional

slideware

templates found templates found

on present day

planet Earth.

“You can’t see it well on this Micro Galactic ProjectionPoint, but an

analysis of the plans provided by Princess Leia has demonstrated a

weakness in the battle station. Follow this link at the bottom of the

screen for more info if needed.”

presentation Zenpresentation Zen

design perspective

not a

learning perspective

find quality imagesfind quality images

assertionassertion--evidence method is stickyevidence method is sticky

Prof Michael Alley

assertion evidence

Al Gore TED 2006

Cliff Atkinson

beyond bullet points

Ellen Finkelstein

Tell ‘n’ Show

go beyond bullet pointsgo beyond bullet points

get to grips with what is realisticget to grips with what is realistic

the communication process is keythe communication process is key

Noise

RecipientCommunicator

Context

System

MediumMessage

Feedback

Recipient

(Decoder)

Communicator

(Encoder)

Adapted from Barker & Gaut 1996

handouts set you freehandouts set you free

“When forced to work

within a strict

framework, the

imagination is taxed

to its utmost – and

will produce its richest

ideas. Given total

freedom, the work is

likely to sprawl.”

TS Eliot

Limitations and restraints

“…when everything (background, structure,

content) is emphasised, nothing is emphasised;

the design will often be noisy, cluttered and

designdesign

the design will often be noisy, cluttered and

informationally flat.”

Edward Tufte (Visual Explanations)

limitations and restrlimitations and restraintsaints

“When forced to work

within a strict

framework, the

imagination is taxed

to its utmost – and

will produce its richest

ideas. Given total

freedom, the work is

likely to sprawl.”

TS Eliot

what’s in it for me?what’s in it for me?

What’s your point?

understand

Why does it matter?

conceive

designWhy does it matter?

organise

restrain

enhance

processprocess `

deductive method

spill the beans up front spill the beans up front

scientists / academics

conclusion

discussion

results

time poor

info overload

WIIFM?

decision makers /

students

results

methods

background

introduction

inductive method

question 1question 1

assertion

questionquestion 22

assertion

question 3question 3

assertion

set the scene

key message

assertion

evidence /

explanation

assertion

evidence /

explanation

assertion

evidence /

explanation

key message

1 Isolate core message1 Isolate core message

• Most important point for them to rememberInformative

• Action you want them

Express it in one clear, succinct

sentence.

• Action you want them to takePersuasive

2 Ask the audience’s questions2 Ask the audience’s questions

Why would we want to do that?

What is it?

How much and how long?

Why them?

How would it help?What is it? help?

Identify top 3

No questions No questions –– no answersno answers

“I keep six honest serving-men (They taught me all I

knew); Their names are What and Why and When

and How and Where and Who.”

Rudyard Kipling

What?Where? What?

Why?

How?Who?

When?

Where?WIIFM?

3 Write assertions 3 Write assertions

Answer each question with an assertion –

a complete sentence that clearly and

succinctly sums up the answer.

4 Back up each assertion 4 Back up each assertion –– evidenceevidence

Eg or story

• Hard-wired for story

• Makes

Statistic

• Appropriate convincing

• Inappropriate

Endorsement

• Powerful if respected

• Influence via

3 main types of evidence

• Makes concepts concrete

• Evokes emotion

• Inappropriate shock/offend

• Inaccurate ridicule

• Influence via “authority”

• Track record

research audience | understand purpose | consider impact

4 Back up each assertion 4 Back up each assertion –– explanationexplanation

Use an analogy, metaphor or visual to

explain something complex or hard to grasp.

“Cogito ergo sum” Ubuntu

5 Set the scene5 Set the scene

Keep it short – get to the point

Enough to understand what’s coming

Build anticipation

Kill Pavlov’s dog

Engage attentionEngage attention

What are you going to talk

about?

Why are you talking

about it?

Why is it of interest to me?

ethos | pathos | logosethos | pathos | logos

ethos – speaker’s / writer’s character

Why trust them

pathos – emotional appeal of argument pathos – emotional appeal of argument

Get feelings engaged

logos – intellectual component

Reasons to believe argument

KivaKiva

Who are Kiva

What Kiva do

How Kiva works

ConclusionConclusion

KivaKiva

(1) Kiva Partners with a Microfinance Institution

(2) Field Partners Disburse Loans and Upload Stories

(3) Lenders Browse Profiles and Lend

(4) Kiva Disburses Lenders' Funds to Field Partner

(5) Entrepreneurs Repay Their Loans

(6) Kiva Provides Repayments to Lenders

KivaKiva

What is Kiva?

Kiva's mission is to connect people, through lending, for the sake

of alleviating poverty.

Kiva empowers individuals to lend to an entrepreneur across the

globe. By combining microfinance with the Internet, Kiva creates

a global community of people connected through lending.

How Kiva worksHow Kiva works

(1) Kiva partners with a microfinance institution

(2) Field partners disburse loans and upload stories

(3) Lenders browse profiles and lend

(4) Kiva disburses lenders' funds to field partner

(5) Entrepreneurs repay their loans

(6) Kiva provides repayments to lenders

KivaKiva

Lend $25 to a person on Lend $25 to a person on KivaKiva

Ask the audience’s questionsAsk the audience’s questions

Why would I do that?

Why should I use Kiva?

How do I do it?

Write assertions to answer questionsWrite assertions to answer questions

By starting a business a

poor person can escape

poverty

Many people from all walks of life world-wide use

Kiva

Choose the person to

lend to and make the loan with

credit cardpoverty

Kiva credit card

KivaKiva provides dignity yet accountability provides dignity yet accountability

Yenku Sesay is a double-amputee

who lost both hands in the Sierra

Leone civil war.

Father of 3, he runs a small grocery

stall in Kundibaya village, 15 miles

from Kabala.

Before he received a loan, Yenku

begged on the streets.

Today, Yenku manages his business

in the village – selling cotton

clothes, cosmetics, etc.

Helped by his family, he’s built a

mud house and has a small farm.

Small amounts make a differenceSmall amounts make a difference

Studies have shown that a poor person who

starts a business can increase their income by

an average of 95%

“If you look at Kiva.org people with a

very modest amount of money can

make a huge positive impact all around

the world.”

Bill Clinton

Using Using KivaKiva is easyis easy

Choose an entrepreneur

Lend money using your credit card

Get your money back

By Nov 2009, Kivayour credit card

Entrepreneur uses loan in their

business

Entrepreneur repays loan over

time

backBy Nov 2009, Kivahad facilitated over $100 million

in loans

Question 1Question 1

Assertion

QuestionQuestion 22

Assertion

Question 3Question 3

Assertion

Set the scene

Key message

Assertion

Evidence /

explanation

Assertion

Evidence /

explanation

Assertion

Evidence /

explanation

Key message

Being a successful lecturer or presenter

means learning how to edit, structure, and

illustrate your concepts in order to inform,

influence – and entertain – your audience. influence – and entertain – your audience.

You have to be part editor, part director, and

part showman.

Luisa Simone

THE ROLE OF THE ROLE OF PRACTITONERSPRACTITONERS

Profile of Project Manager

• He starts with obtaining a clear political mandate.

• He has confidence in his position and in his development approach.

• He is clear about what he requires from politicians and decision makers.

• He is unafraid to tackle difficult and conflict-ridden issues, and in these he isclear about his own position – a position that is justified in terms of the bestoutcome .

• He has many years’ development experience and can anticipate many of thepossible outcomes of decisions and actions. This is particularly important inbeing able to do overall project management, focus individual project managerson targets and on moving projects towards delivery.

• He knows how to streamline decision-making processes and shorten project

9/20/2010

40

• He knows how to streamline decision-making processes and shorten projectcycles.

• He knows international best practice and can confidently share this experience.

• He engages with stakeholders and is “mature enough to deal with difficultcommunity dynamics”

• He has a history and direct relationship with senior staff and politicians in theCity and can call on these relationships.

• He brings vision to the project

• His reports are clear and are targeted at the correct processes. He understandshow the City bureaucracy functions and he uses its systems.

Footprint CommunicationsFootprint CommunicationsFootprint CommunicationsFootprint Communications 41

A Local Level Contextual

Framework for Athlone

Method followed to arrive at the Contextual Framework

A Local Level Contextual

Framework for Athlone

The Contextual Framework for the Athlone Area

44

4545www.earth.leeds.ac.uk

use photos | drawings | diagramsuse photos | drawings | diagrams

Compressor

Combustor

1

2 3

4

Turbine

can’t beat realismcan’t beat realism

28 January 1986

60 seconds

59.5 seconds

59 seconds

SecondaryFlow

Turbine Vanes

Combustor Simulator

Dilution Jet

keep control of detailkeep control of detail

Wind tunnel experiment

PrimaryFlow

SecondaryFlow

Film-Cooling Holes

show flow of variable through system show flow of variable through system

Schematic of test stand to evaluate components

of air conditioner design

Call Centre Complete DL Form

Eye Test Payment 1

Fail 5%

No show

10%

CashierCall centre operator

Eye tester

Fail 60%

map a process flowmap a process flow

Payment 2Finger

printsDL Test

Verify

applicant

Temp DL

issue

Process

Complete

Finger printer

DL tester

operator

Call Centre Complete DL Form

Payment

Fail 5% No show

10%

CashierCall centre operator

Fail 60%

map the changemap the change

Eye TestFinger

printsDL TestVerify

applicant

Temp DL

issue

Process

Complete

Finger printer

DL tester

operator

Eye tester

Issuer

conceptualise changeconceptualise change

transfer concepts visuallytransfer concepts visually

choose between tables or graphs choose between tables or graphs

Time(hour)

midnight2:004:00

Normal(mg/dl*)

100.393.688.2

Diabetic(mg/dl)

175.8165.7159.4

Blood glucose levels

BloodGlucoseLevel

300

250

200

Breakfast

Lunch Dinner

Diabetic

2:004:006:008:00

10:00noon2:004:006:008:00

10:00

93.688.2

100.5138.6102.493.8

132.3103.893.6

127.8109.2

165.7159.472.1

271.0224.6161.8242.7219.4152.6227.1221.3

* decalitres/milligramme

Blood glucose levels

Hour

12:00 6:00 am 12:00 6:00 pm 12:00Time

Level(mg/dl)

150

100

50

0

Normal

identify points of noteidentify points of note

focus on trendsfocus on trends

summarisesummarise core conceptscore concepts

Defined start & end

Organised plan

Key Features Key Processes

Review

Evaluate

Lessons Learned

Organised plan

Separate resources

Team work

Established goals

Evaluate

Flexibility

Deadlines

End game

reveal relationshipsreveal relationships

Management and DelegationManagement and Delegation

Roles and ResponsibilitiesTrustReview

Disciplined PlanningDisciplined Planning

Roles and Responsibilities

Activities & Tasks

Self Others

Trust

Communi-cation

Review

Evaluation

give overviewsgive overviews

Footprint CommunicationsFootprint CommunicationsFootprint CommunicationsFootprint Communications

Long BoomHard Times

STABLE WORLDSTABLE WORLD

STRONG STRONG WEAK GLOBAL WEAK GLOBAL

offer comparisonsoffer comparisons

Divided WorldLong Drop

GLOBAL GLOBAL ECONOMYECONOMY

WEAK GLOBAL WEAK GLOBAL ECONOMYECONOMY

UNSTABLEUNSTABLEWORLDWORLD

5 0005 000

6 0006 000

7 0007 000

20 00020 000

30 00030 000

40 00040 000

50 00050 000

VenezuelaVenezuela

RussiaRussia

SOUTH AFRICASOUTH AFRICABotswanaBotswana

ChileChile

South KoreaSouth Korea

MalaysiaMalaysia

New ZealandNew Zealand

ItalyItalyGermanyGermany

CanadaCanada

UKUK

JapanJapan

IrelandIreland

Singapore 26/182%Singapore 26/182%Hong Kong 25/161%Hong Kong 25/161%

AustraliaAustralia

USAUSA

Prosperity - GDP per

capita in $US

FLYING HIGHFLYING HIGHidentifyidentify

positionspositions

visuallyvisually

1 0001 000

2 0002 000

3 0003 000

4 0004 000

1010 2020 4040 6060 8080

SomaliaSomaliaIndiaIndia

UgandaUganda MalawiMalawi MozambiqueMozambiqueZim ‘05Zim ‘05Zim ‘95Zim ‘95ZambiaZambia

BoloviaBolovia

NigeriaNigeria

ChinaChina

ColombiaColombiaAngolaAngola

PeruPeru

NamibiaNamibia

BrazilBrazil

ArgentinaArgentina

VenezuelaVenezuela

Integration Integration -- Expressed as % exports relative to GDPExpressed as % exports relative to GDP

capita in $USTAKETAKE--OFFOFFGROUNDEDGROUNDED

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