simple machines. there are six simple machines: the lever the wheel and axel the inclined plane the...
TRANSCRIPT
Simple Machines
Simple Machines
There are six simple machines: The lever The wheel and axel The inclined plane The wedge The screw The pulley
Levers
Lever- a rigid bar that is free to move around a fixed point.
Ex. Screwdriver to open a paint can lid. The fixed point the bar rotates around
is the fulcrum Levers are classified into three
categories based on the locations of : The input force The output force The fulcrum
Levers
The input arm of a lever is the distance between the input force and the fulcrum
The output arm is the distance between the output force and the fulcrum
To calculate the IMA of any lever: Divide the input arm by the
output arm.Input arm
Output arm
First-Class Levers
The position of the fulcrum identifies a first-class lever. The fulcrum is always located
between input force and the out put force
Depending on location of fulcrum, the mechanical advantage can be greater, equal, or less than 1.
Ex. Seesaw, scissors, tongs, screwdriver
Second-Class Levers
A lever is considered second-class, if the output force is located between the input force and the fulcrum. Ex. Wheelbarrow Mechanical advantage is always
greater than 1
Third-Class Lever
The input force is located between the fulcrum and the output force.
The output distance over which the third-class lever exerts its force is always larger than the input distance you move the lever through.
The mechanical advantage is always less than 1. Ex. Baseball bats, hockey sticks, and
golf clubs
Wheel and Axle
A wheel and axle is a simple machine that consists of two disks or cylinders, each one with a different radius. Ex. Steering Wheel To calculate the IMA, divide the radius
where the input force is exerted by the radius where the output force is exerted.
Incline Planes
An incline plane is a slanted surface along which a force moves an object to a different elevation.
The IMA is the distance along the incline plane divided by its change in height. Ex. A 6meter long ramp that gains 1
meter of height has an IMA of 6
Wedges and Screws
Similar to incline planes but have a sloping moving surfaces. Wedge is a V-shape object whose
sides are two inclined planes sloped toward each other.
A thin wedge of a given length has a greater IMA than a thick wedge of the same length.
Ex. Knife blade
Wedges and Screws
A Screw, is an incline plane wrapped around a cylinder.
Screws with threads that are closer together have a greater IMA
Pulleys
A pulley is a simple machine that consists of a rope that fits into a groove in a wheel.
Pulleys produce an output force that is different in size, direction, or both, from that of the input force.
IMA is equal to the number of rope sections supporting the load being lifted. Three types of pulleys
Fixed- changes only the direction of the input force
Movable- changes both the direction and the size of the input force
System- are made up of both fixed and movable pulleys