simple harmonic motion vibration / oscillation motion which regularly repeats itself back and forth...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Simple Harmonic Motion
Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth
Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to trough back to peak or From trough to peak back to trough
![Page 2: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Simple Harmonic Motion
Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth
Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to trough back to peak or From trough to peak back to trough
![Page 3: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Simple Harmonic Motion
Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth
Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to trough back to peak or From trough to peak back to trough
![Page 4: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Simple Harmonic Motion
Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth
Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to trough back to peak or From trough to peak back to trough
![Page 5: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Simple Harmonic Motion
Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth
Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to trough back to peak or From trough to peak back to trough
![Page 6: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Simple Harmonic Motion
Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth
Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to trough back to peak or From trough to peak back to trough
![Page 7: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Simple Harmonic Motion
Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth
Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to trough back to peak or From trough to peak back to trough
![Page 8: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Simple Harmonic Motion
Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth
Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to trough back to peak or From trough to peak back to trough
![Page 9: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Simple Harmonic Motion
Period- the time it takes for one complete
cycle Frequency- The number of cycles completed
per second Frequency-measured in Hertz- cycles per sec. Frequency Units- 1/s or s-1
f=1/T T=1/f
![Page 10: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Simple Harmonic Motion
Period- the time it takes for one complete
cycle Frequency- The number of cycles completed
per second Frequency-measured in Hertz- cycles per sec. Frequency Units- 1/s or s-1
f=1/T T=1/f
![Page 11: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Simple Harmonic Motion
Period- the time it takes for one complete
cycle Frequency- The number of cycles completed
per second Frequency-measured in Hertz- cycles per sec. Frequency Units- 1/s or s-1
f=1/T T=1/f
![Page 12: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Simple Harmonic Motion
Period- the time it takes for one complete
cycle Frequency- The number of cycles completed
per second Frequency-measured in Hertz- cycles per sec. Frequency Units- 1/s or s-1
f=1/T T=1/f
![Page 13: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Simple Harmonic Motion
Period- the time it takes for one complete
cycle Frequency- The number of cycles completed
per second Frequency-measured in Hertz- cycles per sec. Frequency Units- 1/s or s-1
f=1/T T=1/f
![Page 14: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Simple Harmonic Motion
Period- the time it takes for one complete
cycle Frequency- The number of cycles completed
per second Frequency-measured in Hertz- cycles per sec. Frequency Units- 1/s or s-1
f=1/T T=1/f
![Page 15: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Simple Harmonic Motion
Period- the time it takes for one complete
cycle Frequency- The number of cycles completed
per second Frequency-measured in Hertz- cycles per sec. Frequency Units- 1/s or s-1
f=1/T T=1/f
![Page 16: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Simple Harmonic Motion
Period- the time it takes for one complete
cycle Frequency- The number of cycles completed
per second Frequency-measured in Hertz- cycles per sec. Frequency Units- 1/s or s-1
f=1/T T=1/f
![Page 17: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Simple Harmonic Motion
ms
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Simple Harmonic Motion
ms
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Simple Harmonic Motion
ms
0 ms 3.1 ms 6.3ms 9.6ms
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Simple Harmonic Motion
ms
0 ms 3.1 ms 6.3ms 9.6ms
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Simple Harmonic Motion
ms
0 ms 3.1 ms 6.3ms 9.6ms
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Simple Harmonic Motion
ms
0 ms 3.1 ms 6.3ms 9.6ms
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Simple Harmonic Motion
ms
0 ms 3.1 ms 6.3ms 9.6ms
Frequency = cycles per second
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Simple Harmonic Motion
ms
0 ms 3.1 ms 6.3ms 9.6ms
Frequency = cycles per second = 3 cycles /
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Simple Harmonic Motion
ms
0 ms 3.1 ms 6.3ms 9.6ms
Frequency = cycles per second = 3 cycles / 9.6 ms = 3 cycles /(.0096s) =
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Simple Harmonic Motion
ms
0 ms 3.1 ms 6.3ms 9.6ms
Frequency = cycles per second = 3 cycles / 9.6 ms = 3 cycles /(.0096s) = 312.5 Hz
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Simple Harmonic Motion
ms
0 ms 3.1 ms 6.3ms 9.6ms
Frequency = cycles per second = 3 cycles / 9.6 ms = 3 cycles /(.0096s) = 312.5 Hz
Period = 1 / f
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Simple Harmonic Motion
ms
0 ms 3.1 ms 6.3ms 9.6ms
Frequency = cycles per second = 3 cycles / 9.6 ms = 3 cycles /(.0096s) = 312.5 Hz
Period = 1 / f = 1 / 312.5 s = .0032 s or 3.2 ms on average
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Simple Harmonic Motion
ms
0 ms 3.1 ms 6.3ms 9.6ms
Frequency = cycles per second = 3 cycles / 9.6 ms = 3 cycles /(.0096s) = 312.5 Hz
Period = 1 / f = 1 / 312.5 s = .0032 s or 3.2 ms on average
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Period of oscillation of a Spring Mass System
Period of oscillation of Pendulum Mass System
Spring T=2 m k Dependent on mass and inversely related to the
spring constant Pendulum T=2 l g Dependent on length and inversely related to the
acceleration due to gravity
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Period of oscillation of a Spring Mass System
Period of oscillation of Pendulum Mass System
Spring T=2 m k Dependent on mass and inversely related to the
spring constant Pendulum T=2 l g Dependent on length and inversely related to the
acceleration due to gravity
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Period of oscillation of a Spring Mass System
Period of oscillation of Pendulum Mass System
Spring T=2 m k Dependent on mass and inversely related to the
spring constant Pendulum T=2 l g Dependent on length and inversely related to the
acceleration due to gravity
![Page 33: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Period of oscillation of a Spring Mass System
Period of oscillation of Pendulum Mass System
Spring T=2 m k Dependent on mass and inversely related to the
spring constant Pendulum T=2 l g Dependent on length and inversely related to the
acceleration due to gravity
![Page 34: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Period of oscillation of a Spring Mass System
Period of oscillation of Pendulum Mass System
Spring T=2 m k Dependent on mass and inversely related to the
spring constant Pendulum T=2 l g Dependent on length and inversely related to the
acceleration due to gravity
![Page 35: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Period of oscillation of a Spring Mass System
Period of oscillation of Pendulum Mass System
Spring T=2 m k Dependent on mass and inversely related to the
spring constant Pendulum T=2 l g Dependent on length and inversely related to the
acceleration due to gravity
![Page 36: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Period of oscillation of a Spring Mass System
Period of oscillation of Pendulum Mass System
Spring T=2 m k Dependent on mass and inversely related to the
spring constant Pendulum T=2 l g Dependent on length and inversely related to the
acceleration due to gravity
![Page 37: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Natural Frequency – Forced Vibration-Resonance The frequency that a system occurs when a
force is applied to it. A Driving Force is a force that is applied over
and over again.
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Natural Frequency – Forced Vibration-Resonance The frequency that a system acquires when
a force is applied to it. A Driving Force is a force that is applied over
and over again.
![Page 39: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Natural Frequency – Forced Vibration-Resonance The frequency that a system acquires when
a force is applied to it. A Driving Force is a force that is applied over
and over again. Resonance occurs when the driving force is
applied at the natural frequency or multiples of the natural frequency
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Natural Frequency – Forced Vibration-Resonance The frequency that a system acquires when
a force is applied to it. A Driving Force is a force that is applied over
and over again. Resonance occurs when the driving force is
applied at the natural frequency or multiples of the natural frequency
Resonance produces large amplitude standing waves
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Natural Frequency – Forced Vibration-Resonance The frequency that a system acquires when
a force is applied to it. A Driving Force is a force that is applied over
and over again. Resonance occurs when the driving force is
applied at the natural frequency or multiples of the natural frequency
Resonance produces large amplitude standing waves
![Page 42: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Natural Frequency – Forced Vibration-Resonance Resonance caused the Tacoma Narrows
Bridge to collapse Resonance can cause a wine glass to break Resonance can is used in string instruments,
open end wind instruments, and closed end tube wind instruments
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Standing Waves
Nodes points of destructive interference Antinodes points of constructive interference Standing waves are produced at natural
frequencies or resonant frequencies.
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Standing Waves strings
L= n / 2 L = the length of a string Lambda equals the wavelength n = an interger n = 1 fundamental frequency n= 2 second harmonic n = 3 third hamonic
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Standing Waves Open Springs continued.
Nodes are found at the fixed ends. Antinodes are not possible at the fixed ends
The velocity on a string is directly related to its tension and inversely related to the mass per unit length.
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Standing waves open end tubes
Antinodes are possible at the open ends L=n / 2 L=length of the tube lambda wavelength n = 1 fundamental frequency n = 2 2nd harmonic n = 3 3rd harmonic
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Standing waves open end tubes
Antinodes are possible at the open ends L=n / 2 L=length of the tube lambda wavelength n = 1 fundamental frequency n = 2 2nd harmonic n = 3 3rd harmonic
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Standing waves open end tubes
Antinodes are possible at the open ends L=n / 2 L=length of the tube lambda wavelength n = 1 fundamental frequency n = 2 2nd harmonic n = 3 3rd harmonic
![Page 49: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Standing waves open end tubes
Antinodes are possible at the open ends L=n / 2 L=length of the tube lambda wavelength n = 1 fundamental frequency n = 2 2nd harmonic n = 3 3rd harmonic
![Page 50: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Standing waves open end tubes
Antinodes are possible at the open ends L=n / 2 L=length of the tube lambda wavelength n = 1 fundamental frequency n = 2 2nd harmonic n = 3 3rd harmonic
![Page 51: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Standing waves open end tubes
Antinodes are possible at the open ends L=n / 2 L=length of the tube lambda wavelength n = 1 fundamental frequency n = 2 2nd harmonic n = 3 3rd harmonic
![Page 52: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Standing waves open end tubes
Antinodes are possible at the open ends L=n / 2 L=length of the tube lambda wavelength n = 1 fundamental frequency n = 2 2nd harmonic n = 3 3rd harmonic
![Page 53: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Standing waves open end tubes
Antinodes are possible at the open ends L=n / 2 L=length of the tube lambda wavelength n = 1 fundamental frequency n = 2 2nd harmonic n = 3 3rd harmonic
![Page 54: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Standing waves open end tubes
v= speed of sound v = (331 + .6 T) m / s
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Standing waves closed end tubes
L = / 4 L = length of the tube lamda = wavelength antinodes are possible at the open end. nodes are possible at the closed end. Only odd harmonics are possible.
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Standing waves closed end tubes
L = lambda / 4 L = length of the tube lamda = wavelength antinodes are possible at the open end. nodes are possible at the closed end. Only odd harmonics are possible.
![Page 57: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Standing waves closed end tubes
L = lambda / 4 L = length of the tube lamda = wavelength antinodes are possible at the open end. nodes are possible at the closed end. Only odd harmonics are possible.
![Page 58: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Standing waves closed end tubes
L = lambda / 4 L = length of the tube lamda = wavelength antinodes are possible at the open end. nodes are possible at the closed end. Only odd harmonics are possible.
![Page 59: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Standing waves closed end tubes
L = lambda / 4 L = length of the tube lamda = wavelength antinodes are possible at the open end. nodes are possible at the closed end. Only odd harmonics are possible.
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Standing waves closed end tubes
L = lambda / 4 L = length of the tube lamda = wavelength antinodes are possible at the open end. nodes are possible at the closed end. Only odd harmonics are possible.
1
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Standing waves closed end tubes
L = lambda / 4 L = length of the tube lamda = wavelength antinodes are possible at the open end. nodes are possible at the closed end. Only odd harmonics are possible.
1 3
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Standing waves closed end tubes
L = lambda / 4 L = length of the tube lamda = wavelength antinodes are possible at the open end. nodes are possible at the closed end. Only odd harmonics are possible.
1 3 5
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Beats
The rising and falling of sound intensity is known as beats
The beat frequency tells you how many cycles per second the source frequency is different than the standard frequency.
The beat frequency does not tell you if the source frequency is higher or lower than the standard.
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Beats
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Doppler Effect
f=fo ( v + - vo )
( v - + vs)
vo = velocity of the observer
vs = velocity of the source.
vo =+ observer towards source f increases WHY?
vo = - source towards observer-f increases WHY?
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Doppler Effect
f=fo ( v + - vo )
( v - + vs)
vo =+ observer towards source f increases WHY?
Multiply be a larger Numerator = Higher f
vo = - source towards observer-f increases WHY?
Divide by a smaller Denominator = Higher f
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Wave Motion
Matter is not carried in mechanical waves. Energy is carried by mechanical waves. A wave has a velocity equal to the product
of.. its frequency and wavelength. V= f lamda
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Wave Motion
Matter is not carried in mechanical waves. Energy is carried by mechanical waves. A wave has a velocity equal to the product
of.. its frequency and wavelength. V= f lamda
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Wave Motion
Matter is not carried in mechanical waves. Energy is carried by mechanical waves. A wave has a velocity equal to the product
of.. its frequency and wavelength. V= f lamda
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Wave Motion
Matter is not carried in mechanical waves. Energy is carried by mechanical waves. A wave has a velocity equal to the product
of.. its frequency and wavelength. V= f
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Wave Properties
Amplitude=maximum height relative to… The equilibrium Wavelength=distance between crests Frequency = the number of crests which pass
a given pt per second = cycle per sec = 1 Hz
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Wave Properties
Amplitude=maximum height relative to… The equilibrium Wavelength=distance between crests Frequency = the number of crests which pass
a given pt per second = cycle per sec = 1 Hz
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Wave Properties
Amplitude=maximum height relative to… The equilibrium Wavelength=distance between crests Frequency = the number of crests which pass
a given pt per second = cycle per sec = 1 Hz
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Wave Properties
Amplitude=maximum height relative to… The equilibrium Wavelength=distance between crests Frequency = the number of crests which pass
a given pt per second = cycle per sec = 1 Hz
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Wave Properties
Amplitude=maximum height relative to… The equilibrium Wavelength=distance between crests Frequency = the number of crests which pass
a given point per second = cycle per sec = 1 Hz
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Wave Properties
Amplitude=maximum height relative to… The equilibrium Wavelength=distance between crests Frequency = the number of crests which pass
a given pt per second = cycle per sec = 1 Hz
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Velocity of a Wave on a string
v= FT
(m/l) FT= is the equal to the… Tension in the string. m / L is the … The mass per unit length of the string.
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Velocity of a Wave on a string
v= FT
(m/l) FT= is the equal to the… Tension in the string. m / L is the … The mass per unit length of the string.
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Velocity of a Wave on a string
v= FT
(m/l)
FT =Tension in the string. m / L is the … The mass per unit length of the string.
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Velocity of a Wave on a string
v= FT
(m/l)
FT =Tension in the string. m / L is the … The mass per unit length of the string.
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Velocity of a Wave on a string
v= FT
(m/l)
FT =Tension in the string. m / L is the … The mass per unit length of the string.
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Velocity of a Wave on a string
v= FT
(m/l)
FT =Tension in the string. m / L is the … The mass per unit length of the string or..
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Velocity of a Wave on a string
v= FT
(m/l)
FT =Tension in the string. m / L is the … The mass per unit length of the string or.. Linear Density in kg/m
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Types of waves
transverse.. Oscillation is perpendicular to the wave
motion
(Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves
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Types of waves
Longitudinal Oscillation is parallel to the wave motion (sound waves are longitudinal waves )
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Types of waves
Longitudinal Oscillation is parallel to the wave motion (sound waves are longitudinal waves )
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Speed of waves
The speed of a wave is directly related to the..
Elastic force factor and…. The interia factor (density of the medium
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Speed of waves
The speed of a wave is directly related to the..
Elastic force factor and…. The interia factor (density of the medium
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Wave intensity
Intensity is… The power transported across a unit area
perpendicular the energy flow of a wave. Intensity = energy / time divided by area Intensity = power / area Intensity = Watt / meters squared. The intensity of a wave decreases by 1/r2
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Wave intensity
Intensity is… The power transported across a unit area
perpendicular the energy flow of a wave. Intensity = energy / time divided by area Intensity = power / area Intensity = Watt / meters squared. The intensity of a wave decreases by 1/r2
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Wave intensity
Intensity is… The power transported across a unit area
perpendicular the energy flow of a wave. Intensity = energy / time divided by area Intensity = power / area Intensity = Watt / meters squared. The intensity of a wave decreases by 1/r2
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Wave intensity
Intensity is… The power transported across a unit area
perpendicular the energy flow of a wave. Intensity = energy / time divided by area Intensity = power / area Intensity = Watt / meters squared. The intensity of a wave decreases by 1/r2
![Page 93: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Wave intensity
Intensity is… The power transported across a unit area
perpendicular the energy flow of a wave. Intensity = energy / time divided by area Intensity = power / area Intensity = Watt / meters squared. The intensity of a wave decreases by 1/r2
![Page 94: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Wave intensity
Intensity is… The power transported across a unit area
perpendicular the energy flow of a wave. Intensity = energy / time divided by area Intensity = power / area Intensity = Watt / meters squared. The intensity of a wave decreases by 1/r2
![Page 95: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Decibels Relative measure of the perceived loudness of a
sound wave Decibels are based on a logarithmic scale dB=10 log ( Intensity of the sound wave ) ( Threshold of Human Hearing Intensity ) Threshold of Hearing = 1x10-12 W/m2
What is the intensity of a 75 dB sound wave? 75dB= 10 log ( I / Io) 7.5 = log ( I / Io) 7.5 = log I – log Io 7.5 = log I – log (1 x10-12 W/m2) 7.5 = log I – (-12) 7.5 – 12 = log I -4.5 = log I 3.16 x10-5 W / m2 = I
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Decibels Relative measure of the perceived loudness of a
sound wave Decibels are based on a logarithmic scale dB=10 log ( Intensity of the sound wave ) ( Threshold of Human Hearing Intensity ) Threshold of Hearing = 1x10-12 W/m2
What is the intensity of a 75 dB sound wave? 75dB= 10 log ( I / Io) 7.5 = log ( I / Io) 7.5 = log I – log Io 7.5 = log I – log (1 x10-12 W/m2) 7.5 = log I – (-12) 7.5 – 12 = log I -4.5 = log I 3.16 x10-5 W / m2 = I
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Decibels Relative measure of the perceived loudness of a
sound wave Decibels are based on a logarithmic scale dB=10 log ( Intensity of the sound wave ) ( Threshold of Human Hearing Intensity ) Threshold of Hearing = 1x10-12 W/m2
What is the intensity of a 75 dB sound wave? 75dB= 10 log ( I / Io) 7.5 = log ( I / Io) 7.5 = log I – log Io 7.5 = log I – log (1 x10-12 W/m2) 7.5 = log I – (-12) 7.5 – 12 = log I -4.5 = log I 3.16 x10-5 W / m2 = I
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Decibels Relative measure of the perceived loudness of a
sound wave Decibels are based on a logarithmic scale dB=10 log ( Intensity of the sound wave ) ( Threshold of Human Hearing Intensity ) Threshold of Hearing = 1x10-12 W/m2
What is the intensity of a 75 dB sound wave? 75dB= 10 log ( I / Io) 7.5 = log ( I / Io) 7.5 = log I – log Io 7.5 = log I – log (1 x10-12 W/m2) 7.5 = log I – (-12) 7.5 – 12 = log I -4.5 = log I 3.16 x10-5 W / m2 = I
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Decibels Relative measure of the perceived loudness of a
sound wave Decibels are based on a logarithmic scale dB=10 log ( Intensity of the sound wave ) ( Threshold of Human Hearing Intensity ) Threshold of Hearing = 1x10-12 W/m2
What is the intensity of a 75 dB sound wave? 75dB= 10 log ( I / Io) 7.5 = log ( I / Io) 7.5 = log I – log Io 7.5 = log I – log (1 x10-12 W/m2) 7.5 = log I – (-12) 7.5 – 12 = log I -4.5 = log I 3.16 x10-5 W / m2 = I
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Decibels Relative measure of the perceived loudness of a
sound wave Decibels are based on a logarithmic scale dB=10 log ( Intensity of the sound wave ) ( Threshold of Human Hearing Intensity ) Threshold of Hearing = 1x10-12 W/m2
What is the intensity of a 75 dB sound wave? 75dB= 10 log ( I / Io) 7.5 = log ( I / Io) 7.5 = log I – log Io 7.5 = log I – log (1 x10-12 W/m2) 7.5 = log I – (-12) 7.5 – 12 = log I -4.5 = log I 3.16 x10-5 W / m2 = I
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Decibels Relative measure of the perceived loudness of a
sound wave Decibels are based on a logarithmic scale dB=10 log ( Intensity of the sound wave ) ( Threshold of Human Hearing Intensity ) Threshold of Hearing = 1x10-12 W/m2
What is the intensity of a 75 dB sound wave? 75dB= 10 log ( I / Io) 7.5 = log ( I / Io) 7.5 = log I – log Io 7.5 = log I – log (1 x10-12 W/m2) 7.5 = log I – (-12) 7.5 – 12 = log I -4.5 = log I 3.16 x10-5 W / m2 = I
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Decibels Relative measure of the perceived loudness of a
sound wave Decibels are based on a logarithmic scale dB=10 log ( Intensity of the sound wave ) ( Threshold of Human Hearing Intensity ) Threshold of Hearing = 1x10-12 W/m2
What is the intensity of a 75 dB sound wave? 75dB= 10 log ( I / Io) 7.5 = log ( I / Io) 7.5 = log I – log Io 7.5 = log I – log (1 x10-12 W/m2) 7.5 = log I – (-12) 7.5 – 12 = log I -4.5 = log I 3.16 x10-5 W / m2 = I
![Page 103: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Decibels Relative measure of the perceived loudness of a
sound wave Decibels are based on a logarithmic scale dB=10 log ( Intensity of the sound wave ) ( Threshold of Human Hearing Intensity ) Threshold of Hearing = 1x10-12 W/m2
What is the intensity of a 75 dB sound wave? 75dB= 10 log ( I / Io) 7.5 = log ( I / Io) 7.5 = log I – log Io 7.5 = log I – log (1 x10-12 W/m2) 7.5 = log I – (-12) 7.5 – 12 = log I -4.5 = log I 3.16 x10-5 W / m2 = I
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Decibels Relative measure of the perceived loudness of a
sound wave Decibels are based on a logarithmic scale dB=10 log ( Intensity of the sound wave ) ( Threshold of Human Hearing Intensity ) Threshold of Hearing = 1x10-12 W/m2
What is the intensity of a 75 dB sound wave? 75dB= 10 log ( I / Io) 7.5 = log ( I / Io) 7.5 = log I – log Io 7.5 = log I – log (1 x10-12 W/m2) 7.5 = log I – (-12) 7.5 – 12 = log I -4.5 = log I 3.16 x10-5 W / m2 = I
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Decibels Relative measure of the perceived loudness of a
sound wave Decibels are based on a logarithmic scale dB=10 log ( Intensity of the sound wave ) ( Threshold of Human Hearing Intensity ) Threshold of Hearing = 1x10-12 W/m2
What is the intensity of a 75 dB sound wave? 75dB= 10 log ( I / Io) 7.5 = log ( I / Io) 7.5 = log I – log Io 7.5 = log I – log (1 x10-12 W/m2) 7.5 = log I – (-12) 7.5 – 12 = log I -4.5 = log I 3.16 x10-5 W / m2 = I
![Page 106: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Decibels Relative measure of the perceived loudness of a
sound wave Decibels are based on a logarithmic scale dB=10 log ( Intensity of the sound wave ) ( Threshold of Human Hearing Intensity ) Threshold of Hearing = 1x10-12 W/m2
What is the intensity of a 75 dB sound wave? 75dB= 10 log ( I / Io) 7.5 = log ( I / Io) 7.5 = log I – log Io 7.5 = log I – log (1 x10-12 W/m2) 7.5 = log I – (-12) 7.5 – 12 = log I -4.5 = log I 3.16 x10-5 W / m2 = I
![Page 107: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
Decibels Relative measure of the perceived loudness of a
sound wave Decibels are based on a logarithmic scale dB=10 log ( Intensity of the sound wave ) ( Threshold of Human Hearing Intensity ) Threshold of Hearing = 1x10-12 W/m2
What is the intensity of a 75 dB sound wave? 75dB= 10 log ( I / Io) 7.5 = log ( I / Io) 7.5 = log I – log Io 7.5 = log I – log (1 x10-12 W/m2) 7.5 = log I – (-12) 7.5 – 12 = log I -4.5 = log I 3.16 x10-5 W / m2 = I
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Decibels Relative measure of the perceived loudness of a
sound wave Decibels are based on a logarithmic scale dB=10 log ( Intensity of the sound wave ) ( Threshold of Human Hearing Intensity ) Threshold of Hearing = 1x10-12 W/m2
What is the intensity of a 75 dB sound wave? 75dB= 10 log ( I / Io) 7.5 = log ( I / Io) 7.5 = log I – log Io 7.5 = log I – log (1 x10-12 W/m2) 7.5 = log I – (-12) 7.5 – 12 = log I -4.5 = log I 3.16 x10-5 W / m2 = I
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Decibels Relative measure of the perceived loudness
of a sound wave Decibels are based on a logarithmic scale dB=10 log ( Intensity of the sound wave ) ( Threshold of Human Hearing Intensity ) Threshold of Hearing = 1x10-12 W/m2
How many times more intense is a 120 dB sound wave
compared to a 80 dB sound wave? 120dB – 80 dB = 40 db 40 dB / 10 = 4 104 = 10,000 times greater
![Page 110: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
Decibels Relative measure of the perceived loudness
of a sound wave Decibels are based on a logarithmic scale dB=10 log ( Intensity of the sound wave ) ( Threshold of Human Hearing Intensity ) Threshold of Hearing = 1x10-12 W/m2
How many times more intense is a 120 dB sound wave
compared to a 80 dB sound wave? 120dB – 80 dB = 40 db 40 dB / 10 = 4 104 = 10,000 times greater
![Page 111: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
Decibels Relative measure of the perceived loudness
of a sound wave Decibels are based on a logarithmic scale dB=10 log ( Intensity of the sound wave ) ( Threshold of Human Hearing Intensity ) Threshold of Hearing = 1x10-12 W/m2
How many times more intense is a 120 dB sound wave
compared to a 80 dB sound wave? 120dB – 80 dB = 40 db 40 dB / 10 = 4 104 = 10,000 times greater
![Page 112: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
Decibels Relative measure of the perceived loudness
of a sound wave Decibels are based on a logarithmic scale dB=10 log ( Intensity of the sound wave ) ( Threshold of Human Hearing Intensity ) Threshold of Hearing = 1x10-12 W/m2
How many times more intense is a 120 dB sound wave
compared to a 80 dB sound wave? 120dB – 80 dB = 40 db 40 dB / 10 = 4 104 = 10,000 times greater
![Page 113: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
Decibels Relative measure of the perceived loudness
of a sound wave Decibels are based on a logarithmic scale dB=10 log ( Intensity of the sound wave ) ( Threshold of Human Hearing Intensity ) Threshold of Hearing = 1x10-12 W/m2
How many times more intense is a 120 dB sound wave
compared to a 80 dB sound wave? 120dB – 80 dB = 40 db 40 dB / 10 = 4 104 = 10,000 times greater
![Page 114: Simple Harmonic Motion Vibration / oscillation motion which Regularly Repeats itself Back and forth Cycle= complete to-and-fro motion Cycle=from peak to](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649e245503460f94b11faa/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
Wave Reflection-Fixed end
A single wave crest which reflects off a fixed end will leave as a single wave trough.
The wave crests puts a force up on the fixed end.
The fixed puts an equal but opposite force on the string which produces an equal but opposite wave trough.
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Wave Reflection-Fixed end
A single wave crest which reflects off a fixed end will leave as a single wave trough.
The wave crests puts a force up on the fixed end.
The fixed puts an equal but opposite force on the string which produces an equal but opposite wave trough.
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Wave Reflection-Free end
A single wave peak which reflects off a free end will leave as a single wave peak.