silicon-based quantum computing - leti (english) · silicon-based quantum computing: the path from...

Leti Innovation Days, Grenoble, France, 4 July 2018

Silicon-based Quantum Computing:

The path from the laboratory to industrial

manufacture

Andrew DzurakUNSW - Sydney

[email protected] NationalFabrication Facility

A quantum computer developed by D-Wave Systems.Credit Kim Stallknecht for The New York Times

Todd Holmdahl will direct Microsoft’s quantum computing efforts. Credit Ian C. Bates for The New York Times

Prof. Andrew Dzurak, Leti Innovation Days, Grenoble, 4 July 2018

1982 Feynman Quantum Mechanical Machines

Superconducting QubitsMartinis, UCSB/Google; Chow, IBM;

Di Carlo, Delft; Walraff, ETH-Zurich; etc

Ion Trap QubitsWineland, Monroe NIST;

Blatt, Innsbruck; Ion-Q; etc

Diamond QubitsWrachtrup, Stuttgart; Hanson, Delft;

Awschalom, Chicago; etcPhotonic Qubits

Furusawa, Tokyo; O’Brien, Bristol; etc

A quantum bit

Competing Quantum Computing Technologies


Competing Quantum Computing Technologies

Silicon QubitsUNSW; Wisconsin; Delft; Intel;

Sandia; CEA-Leti; etc


Commercial Investments in QCSuperconducting QC

Superconducting QC& Silicon QC

Topological QC

Silicon QC


What isQuantum Computing?


From bits to qubits …

|1>

|0>

Conventional Computer

QuantumComputer

0, 1 |0>, |1>

bits qubits

Quantum state of a two-level system

|1>|0>


What is a difficult problem?

31 x 53 = ?1643

2183 = ? x ?37 x 59

C = P1 x P2 is hard Prof. Andrew Dzurak, Leti Innovation Days, Grenoble, 4 July 2018

How will

Quantum Computing

be Disruptive?


Code Decryption• Public key encryption (RSA-129) is (almost)

uncrackable. Basis of most secure comms today

• A full-scale quantum computer could crack RSA-129 in minutes (Peter Shor – 1994)

• QC important for national and international security

• Disruptive from a national security perspective, but not really from an economic perspective

• Classical “quantum secure” codes are possible, & quantum communications can also be used for data security


Data Mining & Storage• Server farms now major

consumers of energy

Facebook data centre (opened 2013) - Luleå, Sweden, Arctic Circle


High Performance Computing

• Simulation (modeling), optimisation problems (eg. scheduling), database searching …

• Existing supercomputers/servers at their limits

• Market opportunities:Biotech industry

– modeling (new pharmaceuticals) – searching (bioinformatics)

Advanced R&D – modeling (commercial, govt)– new materials (aerospace, etc)

Internet Search Engines


Silicon Quantum Computing


B=2T

Spin Qubits in Silicon• Long Coherence Times in Silicon at 1K:→ Nuclear – mins→ Electron – ms-s

• Scalable• Industry “Compatible”

B.E. Kane, Nature 393, 133 (1998)

January 2000 – Australian National Centre for QC

Prof. Bob Clark, UNSWFounder &Director (2000 - 2008)

Prof. Michelle Simmons UNSWDirector (2011 - )

Prof. Gerard MilburnUniv. of Queensland

Director (2009 - 2010)


1 nm

Silicon Qubits: Single-Atom Nanotechnologies

Jamieson, Yang, Hopf, Hearne, Pakes, Prawer, Mitic, Gauja, Andresen, Hudson, Dzurak and Clark,Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 202101 (2005)

O'Brien, Schofield, Simmons, Clark, Dzurak, Curson, Kane, McAlpine,

Hawley and Brown,Phys.Rev. B 64, R161401 (2001)

Top-Down Bottom-Up


Morello et al., Nature 467, 687 (2010)

2010 – Silicon Spin Qubit Readout

A. Morello et al., Nature 467, 687 (2010)

Si:P Donor Electron & Nuclear Spin QubitsT1e = 6s (at 1.5T)

J.J. Pla et al., Nature 496, 334 (2013)

B0 BacJ.J. Pla et al., Nature 489, 541 (2012)


o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

Lattice Nuclear Spin Noise in natSi29Si (~5%)

31P

28Si,30Si Lattice


Si:P Donors: Electron & Nuclear Spin Qubits in 28Si

J. Muhonen et al., Nature Nanotechnol. 9, 986 (2014)

28Si

natSi

1998: An important year for spin qubits …


Electron Spin Qubits based on Quantum Dots


Si Q-Dot Qubits: Si/SiGe Heterostructures - I

Nature 511, 70 (2014)

T2* = 360 ns

T2* = 2-10 ns; Tπ ~ 50 ps; FC = 85-94%

28Si T2* = 6 µs

natSi

natSi

T2* = 1 µs; T2 = 37 µs

Si Q-Dot Qubits: Si/SiGe Heterostructures - IINature Nanotechnology 9, 666 (2014) natSi

FC = 99% via RBM - PNAS 113, 11738 (2016)

Science Advances 2, e1600694 (2016)

T2* ~ 2 µs FC = 99.6% via RBM

EDSR - µMagnet

natSi EDSR - µMagnet

S.J. Angus et al., Nano Letters 7, 2051 (2007)

Silicon-MOS Quantum Dots

Intel Pentium SiliconMOSFETTransistor65nm Node(2005)

Silicon MOSSingle-electronQubit (2014)

SiMOS Q-Dot Qubits: CMOS Compatibilty


28SiMOS Q-Dots: 1-Qubit Gate, Fidelity > 99%

M. Veldhorst et al., Nature Nanotechnol. 9, 981 (2014)

Ref I X Y X/2 -X/2 Y/2 -Y/2

Test gate

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

IF, I

nfid

elity

%

Square pulse Fidelity

Square pulse Unitarity

Optimized pulse Fidelity

Optimized pulse Unitarity

• Clifford gate fidelities:• Square – 99.825%, T2 = 0.62ms• Improved – 99.957%, T2 = 9.40ms• 4 times better in fidelity,

15 times better in T2

BARTLETT

FLAMMIA

28Si

F = 99.96%

ESRH. Yang et al., arXiv:1807.09500

Henry Yang

arXiv:1807.09500arXiv:1807.09500

Prof. Andrew Dzurak, 2nd Grenoble Quantum Engineering Day, Grenoble, 6 July 2018

Benchmarking SiMOS Qubits: Fidelity = 99.96%

https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.09500

https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.09500

28Si-MOS Dots: Multi-Qubit Devices


SET Sensor

ESRDrive

Reservoir

G4

G3

G2G1

ConfinementQA→QB→QC→

x

AlOx

28Si

Aluminium

1 Gate ⇒ 1 Qubit

x

28Si-MOS Dots: Multi-Qubit Devices

28Si-MOS Dots: Operation of 3 Independent Qubits

SET Sensor

Reservoir

G1G2

G3G4

Q1→Q2→Q3→


CMOS Qubits: First 2-Qubit Logic in Silicon

Veldhorst et al., Nature 526, 410 (2015)

SiMOS Qubits:Scalability

&Error Correction


Long-term Vision: Error-corrected 2D Architecture

Veldhorst et al., Nature Comms. 8, 1766 (2017)


Industrial Manufacture: Uniformity, Lower NoiseMaurand et al., Nature Communications 7, 13575 (2016)

Prof. Andrew Dzurak, 2nd Grenoble Quantum Engineering Day, Grenoble, 6 July 2018

CommercializingSilicon QC

&France-Australia

Alliance Prof. Andrew Dzurak, Leti Innovation Days, Grenoble, 4 July 2018

Australian National Centre for QC: 2018-2024A$33m (21m Euro)

over 7 years

Quantum Research @ UNSW

Nano-Fab

Atom-Fab

Cryogenics

700 m2

Clean Rooms

5 STM/MBESystems

25 DilutionRefrigerator

Systems


Silicon Quantum Computing P/L• Est. 2017

• Host University (Labs & Staff)• A$25m (16m Euro) – Resources & Infrastructure

• Australian Federal Government• A$25m (16m Euro) – Cash Investment

• New South Wales State Government• A$8.3m (5.3m Euro) – Cash Investment

• Australia’s Largest Telecommunications Co.• A$10m (6.4m Euro) – Cash Investment

• Commonwealth Bank of Australia (Assets ~ $1 trillion)• A$15m (9.6m Euro) – Cash Investment

• A$53m (34m Euro) Cash + A$30m In-Kind

See: sqc.com.au

Silicon Quantum Computing P/L

• A$83m = €53m • Initial Cash Investment

• Technical Aim: 10-Qubit System in 5 YearsR&D Program Leaders

SIMMONSP-Atom Qubits

(STM/MBE)

MORELLOP-Atom Qubits(Ion Implanted)

DZURAKQ-Dot Qubits

(CMOS)

ROGGEClassical I/F

(Cryo-CMOS)

See: sqc.com.au

ψ ⟩

8000 m2 cleanroom

GRENOBLE FIRST 300MM DEMONSTRATION OF QUBITS IN A CMOS TECHNOLOGY

Quantum Silicon Grenoble

Australia-France Alliance

See: sqc.com.au

Acknowledgments


silicon-based quantum computing - leti (english) · silicon-based quantum computing: the path from...

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