1Capturing the Theoretical Contributions of Indigenous PsychologyCapturing the Theoretical Contributions of Indigenous PsychologyRogelia PeRogelia Pe--Pua (UNSW)Pua (UNSW)

Musings (Reflections) of Someone In Search of TheoryMusings (Reflections) of Someone In Search of TheoryRogelia PeRogelia Pe--Pua (UNSW)Pua (UNSW)

2School of Social Sciences & International Studies School of Social Sciences & International Studies

My Indigenous Psychology Journey My Indigenous Psychology Journey

FilipinoFilipino--Chinese backgroundChinese backgroundpp gg Rogelia Pe Rogelia Pe Married to Eduardo Pua Married to Eduardo Pua

BS, MA & PhD at the University of the PhilippinesBS, MA & PhD at the University of the Philippines Mentored by Mentored by VirgilioVirgilio Enriquez since 1974Enriquez since 1974 Taught at UP (1977Taught at UP (1977--1992) 1992) inclincl Filipino Psychology Filipino Psychology

Edit d th fi t b kEdit d th fi t b k Fili i P h lFili i P h l Edited the first book on Edited the first book on Filipino PsychologyFilipino Psychology EastEast--West Center (UH) and article on West Center (UH) and article on PagtatanongPagtatanong--tanongtanong Published on indigenous research methodsPublished on indigenous research methods Migrated to Australia in 1992; concentrated on crossMigrated to Australia in 1992; concentrated on cross--cultural cultural

psychological researchpsychological research

School of Social Sciences & International Studies School of Social Sciences & International Studies

Decolonizing Philippine PsychologyDecolonizing Philippine Psychology

VirgilioVirgilio EnriquezEnriquez pioneer of Philippine IPpioneer of Philippine IP VirgilioVirgilio EnriquezEnriquez, pioneer of Philippine IP, pioneer of Philippine IP From From Colonial to Liberation Psychology Colonial to Liberation Psychology (1992)(1992) PagbabangongPagbabangong--DangalDangal: Indigenous Psychology and Cultural : Indigenous Psychology and Cultural

Empowerment (1994)Empowerment (1994)

SikolohiyangSikolohiyang Pilipino Pilipino anchored on Filipino thought anchored on Filipino thought and experience as understood from a Filipino and experience as understood from a Filipino perspectiveperspectiveperspectiveperspective

Decolonization as a frameworkDecolonization as a framework Development of indigenous concepts and theoriesDevelopment of indigenous concepts and theories Indigenization of psychological testingIndigenization of psychological testing Development of indigenous research methodsDevelopment of indigenous research methods

3School of Social Sciences & International Studies

The IP MovementThe IP Movement

19711971 Phili i P h l R h HPhili i P h l R h H 1971 1971 Philippine Psychology Research HousePhilippine Psychology Research House 1975 1975 First National Conference on Filipino First National Conference on Filipino

PsychologyPsychology 1975 1975 establishment of the National Association of establishment of the National Association of

Filipino PsychologyFilipino Psychology 1978 1978 teaching of teaching of SikolohiyangSikolohiyang Pilipino as a course Pilipino as a course gg y gy g pp

at UPat UP 1994 1994 Enriquez passed awayEnriquez passed away New generation of leaders emergedNew generation of leaders emerged

Dominant source cultureDominant source culture

Auxiliary source Auxiliary source culturescultures

Psychology of source Psychology of source culturescultures

UniUni--nationalnational Dominance in Psychology (Indigenization from Without)Dominance in Psychology (Indigenization from Without)

Data from target culturesData from target culturesPseudoPseudo--eticsetics/imposed /imposed eticsetics

EticEtic dimensions + dimensions + emicemic definitionsdefinitions

CrossCross--cultural (Western) Psychologycultural (Western) Psychology

Country 1Country 1 Country 2Country 2 Country 3Country 3

CulturesCultures--asas--recipientsrecipients

Third World countries as recipients of Third World countries as recipients of scientific crossscientific cross--cultural knowledgecultural knowledge

4Indigenization according to Source and Direction of Culture FlowIndigenization according to Source and Direction of Culture Flow

Identification of key indigenous concepts, methods and theoriesIdentification of key indigenous concepts, methods and theories Culture assimilation;

indigenous version of imported system

Culture assimilation; indigenous version of

imported system

INDIGENOUS

Semantic elaborationSemantic elaboration

Indigenous codification or re-codification

Indigenous codification or re-codification

Systematization/Explication of implied theoretical frameworksSystematization/Explication of implied theoretical frameworks

Indigenization as strategyIndigenization as strategy

Theoretic indigenizationTheoretic indigenization

C t t i di i ti t tC t t i di i ti t t

Indigenization Indigenization from from WithinWithinBasis: The IndigenousBasis: The IndigenousDirection: Outward (CultureDirection: Outward (Culture--asas--source)source)

Application/UseApplication/Use

Content indigenization; test modification and translation

of imported materials

Content indigenization; test modification and translation

of imported materials

EXOGENOUSIndigenization from WithoutIndigenization from Without

Basis: The exogenousBasis: The exogenousDirection: Direction: InInward (Cultureward (Culture--asas--target)target)

Theory of Self and OthersTheory of Self and OthersKapwaKapwa -- Shared identity, unity of self and Shared identity, unity of self and

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pp y, yy, yothers, an inner self shared with others, others, an inner self shared with others, fellow human beingfellow human being

AkoAko (ego, I) is associated with selfishness or (ego, I) is associated with selfishness or egocentricismegocentricism

IbaIba sasa akin akin (Others)(Others)Inclusion/exclusion; insiderInclusion/exclusion; insider outsideroutsiderInclusion/exclusion; insiderInclusion/exclusion; insider--outsideroutsider

salingpusasalingpusa (informal member) (informal member) We: We: kitakita (dual we); (dual we); tayotayo (inclusive we); (inclusive we); KamiKami

(exclusive we)(exclusive we)

5KapwaKapwa as Social Interactionas Social InteractionPakikipagkapwaPakikipagkapwa (Collectivistic)(Collectivistic) PagPag iisaiisa (Individualistic)(Individualistic)

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PakikipagkapwaPakikipagkapwa (Collectivistic)(Collectivistic)99 IbangIbang--taotao (outsider)(outsider)

PakikitungoPakikitungo (transaction/civility)(transaction/civility) PakikisalamuhaPakikisalamuha (inter(inter--action w/)action w/) PakikilahokPakikilahok (joining/participating)(joining/participating) PakikibagayPakikibagay (in(in--conformity wconformity w/)/) PakikisamaPakikisama (adjusting)(adjusting)

99 HindiHindi IbangIbang taotao (one(one ofof us)us)

PagPag--iisaiisa (Individualistic)(Individualistic)99 IbangIbang--taotao (outsider)(outsider)

PagsasariliPagsasarili (individuation)(individuation) PagPag--iwasiwas (avoidance)(avoidance) PaghiwalayPaghiwalay (separation)(separation) PagmamalakiPagmamalaki (autonomy)(autonomy) PakikinabangPakikinabang (self(self--gain)gain)

99 HindiHindi IbangIbang taotao (one(one ofof us)us)99 Hindi Hindi IbangIbang--taotao (one(one--ofof--us)us) PakikipagpalagayangPakikipagpalagayang--loobloob

(rapport, mutual trust)(rapport, mutual trust) PakikisangkotPakikisangkot (getting involved)(getting involved) PakikiisaPakikiisa (being one w/)(being one w/)

99 Hindi Hindi IbangIbang--taotao (one(one--ofof--us)us) PagkukubliPagkukubli (masking)(masking) PagwawalangPagwawalang--bahalabahala (lack of (lack of

concern)concern) PagsalungatPagsalungat (disagreement)(disagreement)

Behavior Patterns and Value Structure: Behavior Patterns and Value Structure: Surface, Core and SocietalSurface, Core and Societal

HiyaHiya (propriety/dignity)(propriety/dignity)UtangUtangnanaloobloob (gratitude/solidarity)(gratitude/solidarity)PakikisamaPakikisama (companionship/esteem)(companionship/esteem)

Colonial/AccommodativeColonial/AccommodativeSurfaceValueSurfaceValue

BahalaBahala nana (determination)(determination)C f iC f i S f V lS f V l SamaSama//lakaslakas ngng loobloob (resentment/guts)(resentment/guts)

PakikibakaPakikibaka (resistance)(resistance)ConfrontativeConfrontative SurfaceValueSurfaceValue

PakikiramdamPakikiramdam (sharedinnerperception)(sharedinnerperception)PivotalInterpersonalValuePivotalInterpersonalValue

KAPWA(sharedidentity)KAPWA(sharedidentity)COREVALUECOREVALUE

KagandahangKagandahangloobloob (sharedhumanity)(sharedhumanity)LinkingSocioLinkingSociopersonalpersonal

ValueValue

KarangalanKarangalan (dignity)(dignity)KatarunganKatarungan (justice)(justice)KalayaanKalayaan (freedom)(freedom)

AssociatedSocietalValuesAssociatedSocietalValues

socialacceptancesocialacceptance socialequitysocialequity socialmobilitysocialmobility

Reductionist/FunctionalReductionist/Functionalinterpretationinterpretation

6Indirectness and Indirectness and PakikiramdamPakikiramdam

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Socialized to be sensitiveSocialized to be sensitive PakikiramdamPakikiramdam -- interpersonal valueinterpersonal value

A request to feel or be sensitive toA request to feel or be sensitive to

Indirect, nonIndirect, non--verbal verbal communicaticommunicationon

Musings: Searching for TheoryMusings: Searching for TheorySchool of Social Sciences & International Studies

The changing interpretation of IPThe changing interpretation of IP Theories as behind applicationTheories as behind application Is theorizing important?Is theorizing important? Obstacles to Obstacles to theorisingtheorising (and (and pubblishingpubblishing)) PantayoPantayo (we(we--inclusive)inclusive) vsvs pangkamipangkami (we(we--PantayoPantayo (we(we inclusive) inclusive) vsvs pangkamipangkami (we(we

exclusive) perspectiveexclusive) perspective Indigenous theories?Indigenous theories?

7TowardsglobalpsychologythruTowardsglobalpsychologythrucrosscrossindigenizationindigenization

CULTURE 2CULTURE 2CULTURE 1CULTURE 1 CULTURE 2CULTURE 2as sourceas source

CULTURE 1CULTURE 1as sourceas source

CULTURE 3CULTURE 3as sourceas source

CULTURE nCULTURE nas sourceas source

CROSSCROSS--CULTURAL KNOWLEDGECULTURAL KNOWLEDGE

Note:ThedirectionofarrowsindicatesindigenizationfromwithinNote:Thedirectionofarrowsindicatesindigenizationfromwithin

as sourceas source as sourceas source

Contributing to universal psychologyContributing to universal psychology

School of Social Sciences & International Studies

Away from intellectual prejudice, entrenched Away from intellectual prejudice, entrenched intellectual habits & cultural myopiaintellectual habits & cultural myopia

Providing a balance in flow of knowledge Providing a balance in flow of knowledge between East & Westbetween East & West

Bridging the gap between emotionalBridging the gap between emotional Bridging the gap between emotional Bridging the gap between emotional overreactions &overreactions & blindblind assumption that assumption that scientific psychology is a monopoly of the scientific psychology is a monopoly of the West.West.