siberia plans fertilizer push

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Page 1: Siberia Plans Fertilizer Push

BETTER CONTROLS for

viscosity and specific gravity

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In a single system, Bendix Ultra-Viscoson provides continuous and automatic viscosity control of from one to six individual stations. Ranges: 0-50/-500/5000/50,000 centi-poises X grams/cc. Ideal for use in liquid blending .and fuel atomization. Applications in the petro­leum, chemical, gravure and flexographic printing, steel, paint finishing, ad-hesives and various other fields. New "Viscompara-tor" measures and con­trols by comparing process with reference sample;, Ultra-Viscoson systems are available to fill most' industrial and research requirements.

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>

I N T E R N A T I O N A L

Siberia Plans Fertilizer Push Eastern Siberia Needs:

450,000 tons of M per year

470,000 tons of P205 per year

507,000 tons of IC20 per year

To cultivate Ιό million acres

Export Sales: Bendix Internationa! Division, 205 E. 42nd Street, New York \7. Ν. Υ.

Canada: Computing Devices of Canada, Ltd., Box 508 , Ottawa 4, Ontario.

JL UK Soviet Union, in its c-urrent Seven Year Plan, has set itself s<>me lofty, tar­gets. Among -them: to luring Γ6 mil­lion-.aci'ès οι land under cultivation in Eastern Siberia by 19(~>5—or possibly by 1975. This land, when under cultiva­tion, would require an e^stimated 1.5 , million tons of fertilizer ( Γ\\ PjO.,, KL,0 basis) per year {Khim. Prom., March 1959, page 112 5. The 1β million acres would include crop land, meadows, and

^'pasture. ./!Cc?st. oftfboosting fertiliser output to this ambitious level is an estimated S5O0 million Oatd0«cents.-to the ruble). Minimum requirements Cctlkfor 450,'000. tons per · year of nitrogen, 470.()()()/> of. . phosphate (P.O.-,), and 567.000 of potash (K.jO).

• The Long Haul. Eastern Siberia's proposed land development, located directly above Mongolia, is a lonti way from the Soviets' present h 'i/.er plants. Transportation problems are severe. Rail, water, and road facilities are limited. It's not unusual for dis­tribution costs to equal o r outweigh the cost of fertilizer. For example, at a phosphate plant located at Yoskresensk (200 miles southeast of VIoscow), phos­phate costs about $75 pe*r ton. It costs another S75 a ton to ship it the 3000 miles to Irkutck in Eastern Siberia. Be­cause of these great transportation problems. Eastern Siberia plans to manufacture fertilizer locally.

• Ni t rogen. Much of the nitrogen demand can be met from synthetic am­monia plants now in production, under construction, or p lanned. Certain other plants, such as mixed fertilizer plants, will also help iill the uiLiogeit derriarid.

Of.the 1450.000 tons of nitrogen needed, "25'< will be liquid; 25.to 30 ' < mixed or compoundeel fertilizers, 33/ *• urea.;a.nd the balance, ammonium nitrate.

• Phospha te . Eastern Siberia hast plenty of cheap water power and coal which can he used to make elemental phosphorus (electric furnace), phos­phoric acid, and phosphates. Hulk of the phosphates should be made near three of Eastern Siberia's hydroelectric power stations, at Bratsk, Krasnoyarsk, and Kniseisk. If these plants each turn out 88,000 to 110,000 tons per year. Eastern Siberia should, have enough

.phosplfateToieSoine time to.come. Ac-cT) rd i i ig( t ο 11 ie ρ 1 ail : eaelIi->ρ < ) weV. station will produce 55,000 tons of P_>0- as double superphosphate (via phosphoric acid) , about 44.000 tons of Xitro-phoska. and 99.000 tons of basic slag.

Phosphate plants near the Krasno­yarsk and Bratsk power stations should eventually use Angaro-Ilimsk and mica­ceous phosphorites, plus smaller amounts of imported phosphates. How­ever, since phosphorus deposits in the •\ngaro-Ilimsk area (a district near Bratsk) aren't yet fully developed, both the Bratsk and Krasnoyarsk plants will probably depend on raw materials im­ported from Khibinsk and Kara Tan, especially for initial production.

It 's not yet decided just what the phosphate plant near the Eniseisk power station will produce since it's not expected to be on stream before 1970. There's some interest, however, in making ammonium metaphosphate, diealcium phosphate, or defluorinated phosphate. Ammonium metaphos-phatc « >uld be made by oxidizing phos-

5 4 C & EN A U G . 17, ! 9 5 9

Page 2: Siberia Plans Fertilizer Push

phorus w i t h w a t e r v a p o r or w a t e r u n d e r pressure , us ing the r e su l t ing h y d r o g e n for a m m o n i a syn thes i s . ;

• Po tash . P o t a s h occup ies a m u c h smaller p lace in E a s t e r n S iber ia ' s cur ­rent fertilizer s c h e m e . Ac tua l p r o d u c ­tion p robab ly w o n ' t ge t s t a r t e d un t i l 1965 . O n e p l an in t h e works is to m a k e 44 ,000 t o 5 5 , 0 0 0 tons p e r yea r as a by­p roduc t of nonfer rous m e t a l l u r g y in the form of p o t a s s i u m sulfa te from Uzhursk nephe l ine s . Bu t this is a far c ry from Eas te rn Siber ia ' s p rospec t ive d e m a n d — 567 ,000 tons p e r year.

Briefs . . . • W e s t G e r m a n p o t a s h p r o d u c t i o n hit 1.9 mill ion tons last year—up 1.2% over 1957. Sales of po t a sh w e r e slightly m o r e t h a n 1.9 million tons for 1958 , a b o u t 1.5% m o r e t h a n in the prev ious year . Mixed fert i l izer fac tor ies showed par t i cu la r ly b i g gains in p o t a s h con­s u m p t i o n . Las t year they p u r c h a s e d 65 ,000 tons, 5 .6% m o r e t h a n in the prev ious year. Expor t s , on t h e o t h e r h a n d d r o p p e d to 3 6 . 6 % of t o t a l po tash sales, d o w n 6 .4% ( 3 7 , 5 0 0 t o n s ) from 1957

• Atomic Energy Commission has s igned a con t r ac t wi th t he I n t e r n a t i o n a l Atomic Energy A g e n c y w h i c h will m a k e $20 ,000 ava i l ab le to I A E A -for re search o n p r o d u c i n g c a l c i u m - 4 7 . Th i s is t h e first .contract n e g o t i a t e d Minder an a r r a n g e m e n t b y wh ich the U. S. w o u l d assign specific research p ro jec t s to IAEA; . I A E A wou ld then s u b c o n t r a c t the projects to a p p r o p r i a t e r e s e a r c h or­gan iza t ions t h r o u g h o u t the w o r l d . Cal ­c i u m - 4 7 , wh ich has good p o t e n t i a l in medical and biological r e s e a r c h , is m a d e now by i r rad ia t ing c a l c i u m - 4 6 in a h igh flux reactor . T h e p r o b l e m is t o deve lop c h e a p e r ways to get c a l c i u m - 4 6 , w h i c h a m o u n t s to on ly 0 . 0 0 3 % of n o r m a l cal­c ium.

• Haus S i e m e n s has p u t u p an A r g o n a u t reactor , d e s i g n e d by A r g o n n e N a t i o n a l Laboratory , n e a r M u n i c h . i t will be used for industr ia l r e sea rch . W e s t Ger­m a n c o m p a n i e s supp l i ed all of the ma in reactor c o m p o n e n t s except t h e fuel.

• Communist China b u y s four coba l t -60 cancer t h e r a p y uni ts from A t o m i c En­e r g y o f Canada , Ltd. C a n a d a sold C h i n a t w o un i t s last J a n u a r y .

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