Biometrics:Fingerprint TechnologyCalvin ShuehProfessor StampCS265

AgendaWhy Biometrics?Fingerprint PatternsAdvanced Minutiae Based AlgorithmIdentification vs. AuthenticationSecurityApplicationsVersus other Biometric TechnologiesIndustry

Why Biometrics?

Why Biometrics?Biometrics is a security solution based on something you know, have, and are:

KnowPassword, PINHaveKey, Smart CardAreFingerprint, Face, Iris

Why Biometrics?Passwords are not reliable.

Too many Can be stolenForgottenProtect Sensitive Information

BankingMedical

Why Biometrics?Has been used since 14th century in China

Reliable and trustedWill never leave at homeFingerprints are unique

Everyone is born with one80% of public has biometric recorded

Fingerprint Patterns

Fingerprint Patterns6 classes of patterns

Fingerprint PatternsMinutiae

Crossover: two ridges cross each otherCore: centerBifurcation: ridge separatesRidge ending: end pointIsland: small ridge b/w 2 spacesDelta: space between ridgesPore: human pore

Fingerprint Patterns

Fingerprint PatternsTwo main technologies used to capture image of the fingerprint

Optical use light refracted through a prismCapacitive-based detect voltage changes in skin between ridges and valleys

Advanced Minutiae Based Algorithm (AMBA)

Advanced Minutiae Based AlgoAdvanced Minutiae Based Algorithm

Developed by Suprema SolutionsTwo processesFeature ExtractorMatcher

Advanced Minutiae Based Algorithm

Advanced Minutiae Based AlgoFeature Extractor

Core of fingerprint technologyCapture and enhance imageRemove noise by using noise reduction algorithmProcesses image and determines minutiaeMost common are ridge endings and points of bifurcation30-60 minutia

Advanced Minutiae Based AlgoFeature Extractor

Capture ImageEnhance RidgeExtract Minutiae

Advanced Minutiae Based AlgoFeature Extractor

Most frequently used minutiae in applicationsPoints of bifurcationRidge endings

Advanced Minutiae Based AlgoFeature Extractor

Minutiae Coordinate and Angle are calculatedCore is used as center of reference (0,0)

Advanced Minutiae Based AlgoMatcher

Used to match fingerprintTrade-off between speed and performanceGroup minutiae and categorize by typeLarge number of certain type can result in faster searches

Identification vs. Authentication

Identification Who are you?

1 : N comparisonSlowerScan all templates in databaseAuthentication Are you John Smith?

1 : 1 comparisonFasterScan one template

SecurityAccuracy

97% will return correct results100% deny intrudersImage

Minutiae is retrieved and template createdEncrypted dataImage is discardedCannot reconstruct the fingerprint from data

SecuritySeveral sensors to detect fake fingerprints

Cannot steal from previous userLatent print residue (will be ignored)Cannot use cut off fingerTemperaturePulseHeartbeat sensorsBlood flow

Applications

Applications

Versus other Biometric Technologies

1 (worst) 5 (best)

TechnologyAccuracyConvenienceCostSizeFingerprint5544Voice1555Face2343Hand3322Iris5233

Versus other Biometric Technologies

IndustryHot marketLots of $$$

ConclusionWant to protect informationPasswords are not reliable; forgetFingerprints have been used for centuriesFingerprints are unique; can verifyVery accurateLots of applications being developedHot market. Lots of $$$

Biometrics: Fingerprint TechnologyTHE END!