Shrimp Hatchery Production

BACK TO BASICS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

• Background 3

• Shrimp Hatchery Industry Overview 6

• Confirmation of disease 14

• MHF Strategy: Producing Healthy Post-Larvae under EMS/Vibrio sp. conditions

“Back to Basics” strategy 17

• End 40

2

BACKGROUND

4

Top 5 shrimp production

countries in the world

Shrimp production

started around 1969 with the

first wild larvae stocked grow

out ponds until today stocking with hatchery

producerd post larvae

Had its share of challenges followed being

their major challenge disease.

Sindrome de la giaviota, IHHN, TSV, WSSV.

In 1999, the white spot disease

devastated the industry,

reducing it by 70%.

Many hatcheries

closed and the ones that

remained open reduced costs

to the minimum.

Sacrificing high qualified

technical staff.

Production has increased

~100% in the last 5 years,

from ~200,000 MT to

~400,000 MT

This growth means there has been a

large increase in Post-Larvae production in the last years

Hatchery infrastructure

did not increase as

much, higher stocking density in

maturation, as well as in larval rearing tanks.

Algae culture tanks being deficient in

volume.

Broodstockprogrammeswere added

The hatchery industry is

based approximately

on 16 maturation

departments that supply 129 larval rearing companies

5

SHRIMP HATCHERY INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

SIZE AND GROWTH• Total post-larva production is approximately 80 billion per year (increased from 50

billion)

• Growth has been driven by high demand thanks to good shrimp prices

• Disease is the biggest concern

• 16-20 maturations that supply 129 larval rearing companies that are registered

(some informal companies).

CHARACTERISTICS• Most maturation departments that supply naupli to the larval rearing are in

Santa Elena.

• Maturation daily mortality is around 4%-6% daily. Industry standard is

maximum 1% daily.

• Larval rearing departments are experimenting unusual mortalities,

thought to be Vibrio

• Raceways are also experimenting unusual mortalities,

thought to be vibrio.

• Larval numbers: estimate

• Exported pounds: Source: CNA

7 Number of Hatcheries unchanged

Hatchery Overview

YEAR EXPORTED POUNDS LARVAL PRODUCTION

2013 474,236,376 26,402,018,467

2014 611,048,021 37,301,044,805

2015 720,308,833 40,000,000,000

2016 799,854,741 70,000,000,000

2017 ~890,000,000 80,000,000,000

Skretting Ecuador Market Survey

• Historical information on survival in Hatcheries

• Diagnostic analysis health, comprising: pathology, microbiology and

PCR

• Meeting with the owners/managers of laboratories that participated in

this study

• Action plan to continue with monitoring the health situation

• Survival 60-70% 0-40%

• Disinfection & water improvements increased survival

• Often low lipid levels were observed

• Many different probiotics used but no check on efficacy

• Lack of monitoring & data storage (water quality, microbiology etc)

Higher Demand

• Increased # cycles

• Increased stocking densities 150 >300/lt

• Insufficient algae production buy in (transfer & quality risk)

• Lack of disinfection

• Lack of time & quality control

• UpScaling more larval tanks water/algae shortages

Ecuador & Shrimp: Mitigating Factors

• World class farming, Processing, distribution & promotion: Investment

• But; Hatcheries have been largely forgotten

Lack of Investment

Lack of Maintenance

Lack of Focus

People

11

• Expert education available & Aquaculture Universities

• International collaboration

Grow out farms

Different countries

Feed companies

Technology supply

Technician managers

Problem Summary

12

• Hatcheries are the heart of the industry

• Production increase increased demand

• Lack of investment & focus

• Increased failings in production

• Time for change in Production standards

• Time for change in how we measure success• Switch from average % Survival

• Tank success rate (# tanks dumped)

• Prices increased opportunities for investment

• Larval rearing departments loose all their larvae due to high and rapid mortality in the larval tanks

• Larvae appear healthy and from morning to afternoon stop eating, and die. Turning white in color

Symptoms

• Hatcheries that have implemented biosecurity improvements are seeing improved outputs & stability

Corrective action

• Presumably Vibrio

• Medium to high levels found in our surveyCausative agent

• Prevention

• Improve biosecurity & husbandry

• Make sure broodstock and nauplii are free of Vibrio

• Optimize algal quality & quantity

• Reduce organic loads in the system

Cure

8

Is the problem a disease?

CONFIRMATION OF DISEASE?

1. Confirmation of the disease must be done

2. This can only be done by PCR analysis of

EMS/AHNDS

3. Broodstock in maturation need to be analyzed

4. Faeces from broodstock in maturation

5. Nauplii produced from those maturations

6. Post-larva produced from hatcheries with same

nauplii source

NOTE: Samples must be targeted to sick and weak

animals

Songkhla Trad Rayong

Broodstock feces 2/5 8/15 14/24 24/44 (55)

Nauplii 1/1 0/5 3/8 4/14 (29)

Polychaetes 1/2 2/3 2/3 5/7 (71)

Squid 1/1 0/3 3/5 4/9 (44)

Artemia 1/1 - 0/1 1/2 (50)

Oysters 0/1 - 0/2 0/3 (0)

Clams 1/1 1/1 - 2/2 (100)

Aceted - - 0/2 0/2 (0)

Blood worms - - 0/2 0/2 (0)

Province (Positive/Total Tested)

SOURCES TOTALS (%)

RESULTS FROM APHNDS DETECTION

HIGH BIOSECURITY RISK Source: Tim Flegel Progress in EMS/AHPND 2015

10

Example: Thailand

MHF PRODUCT STRATEGY

Producing Healthy Post-Larvae under Vibrio

sp. conditions

“Back to Basics” Best Practice Strategy

Ch

eck infr

astr

uctu

re

Do you use a quarantine before broodstock introduction into maturation?

Are the feeds you are using clean of disease?

Do you have enough algae tanks?

Do you have good quality algae?

Do you have enough technical staff to larvae produced the number of post-larvae wanted?

Do you disinfect your intake water?

Check p

ara

mete

rs

Check p

roto

cols

HOW TO GET HEALTHY POST-LARVA?

Parameters Optimal Range

Temp 28-32

Sal 30-35

PH 7.5-8.5

DO >5mg/l

Ammonia <1mg/l

Nitrite <0.5mg/l

Ca >400 mg/l

Mg >1,300mg/l

Alkalinity 150-200 mg/l

T.Bact. Count <10exp3

CFU/ml

Vibrio Count <10exp2

CFU/ml

Algae feeding

Make sure that the number of cell are the correct ones for each stage. Feed algae until harvest.

Artificial feeding

Make sure you are using the correct amount of high quality feed. It is no time to compromise.

Water exchange

Make sure you are doing enough water exchange to maintain healthy optimal water parameters.

Artemia

feeding

Are you disinfecting your Artemia?

13

brood egglarval

rearingnursery

ALGAE

scale-up

masters

culture

lights

air temp/

ventilationWeaning

diet

LARVAL REARING PROCESSROTIFERS

(cold storage)

culture

scale-up

enrichment

UV

water in

Recirculation

system

water out

2°filtrationtemp, sal, pH,

gas sat.

ammonia, DO

Product: Quality Animal1. >60% survival

2. High quality

a. Deformity

b. Size variation

c. Pigmentation

d. Activity level

e. Parasite/disease free

ARTEMIA

(cold storage)

hatch

decaps

enrichment

Biosecurity

• Series of management practices

• Prevent introduction

• Keep disease agents out of animal populations where they are not present

• Prevent further spread

• From infected to uninfected groups

• By animals, personnel, equipment

• To other animals, premises, responders

© Stephen Newman; Aquaintech

BIOSECURITY

Basic Measures

22

Modern Buildings

• Clean

• Easy to clean & disinfect

• Zonal barriers

23

BROODSTOCK QUARANTINE

24

BROODSTOCK POND or SPF QUARANTINE MATURATION

HEALTHY?

CH

EC

K: P

CR

H

E

A

L

T

H

Y

✓

All Pathogen Exposed

Broodstock Feeding

26

• Type, amount & frequency

• Use high quality maturation diets

• Reduce mortality and vibrio loads

• Local Artemia biomass

Water disinfection & management

27

RESERVOIRS CHLORINATION

Determine amount of chlorine by using TCBS plating to determine amount.

DECHLORINATION

Make sure chlorine lecture is zero. If not neutralize with Vit. C

OZONE/UV

Apply necessary amount, calculate by plating TCBS to determine amount.

UV Disinfection

28

• Lamp Temperature

• Water clarity

• Contact time

ALGAE

29

CLEAN ALGAE

CLEAN FEEDING SYSTEM

ENOUGH ALGAE

Algae procedures - Upscaling

30

• First feeding and gut colonisation Quality

• Air/Water treatment

• Laminar flow/Aseptic upscaling

• Masters/Agar slants maintenance

• Nutrients

Dr. J Rowe University of California, Irvine. Photo credit/copyright: Steven Goins

Algae Mass production: Control Quality

31

• Correct cell counts

• Quality assessment

• Correct feeding to shrimp tanks

Source: Vannamei 101

Artemia

32

• Vibrio bomb

• Source?

• Variation

Feeding Precision Feeding

33

• Correct feeding

• Know animal numbers

• Measure residuals

All Feeds Are Not Created Equal

34

Brand #1

Brand #2

Brand #3

35

Feeding TrialsStage Cocktail PL Tanks (MT) replicates

I Z1 -> Z3 1 PL#0 21 3M1 -> PL2 2 PL#1

II PL2 -> PL3 3 PL#2 55 3PL4 -> PL6 4 PL#3PL7 -> PL8 5 PL#3

III PL9 -> PL10 6 PL#3 30 4PL11 -> PL13 7 PL#4PL14 -> PL17 8 PL#4

Survival (%) Stage I 70 81 ± 4Stage II 91 ± 6 93 ± 6Stage III 98 ± 2 100

Total 62.4 75.3

Feed intake (kg) Stage I 0.6 0.6Stage II 10.4 ± 0.9 8.4 ± 1.5Stage III 11.1 ± 1.9 10.7 ± 0.6

Total 22.1 19.7

Size (mm) Stage IStage II 7.1 ± 0.5 6.9 ± 0.1

Stage III 11.4 ± 0.9 11.0 ± 0.6

36

Quality control Cocktail PL

Survival (%) 62.4 75.3

Feed intake (kg) 22.1 19.7

Size (mm) 11.4 ± 0.9 11.0 ± 0.6

Haepatopancreas

Digestive tract

Brown with lipid globules Green with lipid globules

Thicker

More lipid globules

37

Water quality Cocktail PL

Survival (%) 62.4 75.3

Feed intake (kg) 22.1 19.7

Size (mm) 11.4 ± 0.9 11.0 ± 0.6

Less foam &

organic load

38

Water quality

Robins Macintosh: GOAL 2015

39

“The discovery that EMS grows on shrimp feed, on waste and on molts led

to the realization that it could be treated, not by excluding it, but by limiting

its growth by installing “shrimp toilets”, deep sumps in the center of the

pond to collect and trap settled wastes that can be pumped away. “When

you do that it’s like a miracle. The shrimp stop dying,” McIntosh said. “You

have to keep the bottom clean.”

By comparison, McIntosh added, EHP requires clean, specially disinfected

hatcheries, clean ponds and clean broodstock. “This is not easy on a large

scale,” McIntosh said.

Clean

PL

Check parameters

Check protocols

Check infrastructure

C + C + C = CLEAN Post Larvae

43

“La acuicultura ofrece una solución cada vez más

atractiva para satisfacer las necesidades de alimentos. Ya

que es el sector de más rápido crecimiento en el área de

la producción de alimentos de origen animal, y su

potencial para una mayor expansión es muy grande. Yo

no pido que cambien de dirección, sino que aceleren los

avances”

In a world with limited natural

resources and a growing

population, there is a rising

demand for high quality meat,

fish and shrimp. We will be the

global leader in providing

innovative and sustainable

nutritional solutions that best

support the performance of

animals, fish and shrimp.

Our mission Our vision Our values

THANK YOU

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