7/31/2019 Shoulder and Superficial Back Muscles

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Muscle  Origin  Insertion  Function  Nerve Innervation  Blood Supply 

Back

Trapezius

Ligamentum nuchae

and spinous

processes of first 12thoracic vertebrae

Lateral third of 

clavicle, acromion

process andscapular spine

Upper fibers – 

elevate scapula

Middle fibers – 

retract scapulaLower fibers – pull

medial border of 

scapula

Accessory nerve,

branches of ventral

primary rami C3 andC4 

Transverse cervical

artery

Latissimus dorsi

Iliac crest,

thoracolumbar

fascia and spinous

processes of 6th – 

12th thoracic

vertebrae

Bicipital groove of 

humerus

Extends, adducts,

and medially

rotates arm at 

shoulder joint 

Thoracodorsal

nerve

Thoracodorsal

artery

Levator scapulae

Transverse process

of first 4 cervical

vertebrae

Superior portion

(btwn base of spine

and superior angle)

of medial border of 

scapula

Pull scapula up and

medially

Dorsal scapular

nerve and ventral

primary rami of C3 

and C4 

Transverse Cervical

artery

Rhomboid minor

Ligamentum nuchae

and spines of 7th 

cervical and 1st  

thoracic vertebrae

Medial border of 

scapula

Pull scapula up and

medially

Dorsal scapular

nerve

Dorsal scapular

artery (deep branch

of transverse

cervical artery)

Rhomboid majorSpine of 2nd to 5th 

thoracic vertebraeMedial border of 

scapula

Pull scapula up and

medially

Dorsal scapular

nerve

Dorsal scapular

artery

7/31/2019 Shoulder and Superficial Back Muscles

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Shoulder 

DeltoidSpine of scapula,acromion and

lateral third of 

clavicle

Deltoid tuberosity

of humerus

Abducts arm at 

shoulder (anterior

fibers flex +

medially rotate

arm; posterior

fibers extend +

laterally rotate arm)

Axillary nerve (C5 – 

6)

Posterior humeral

circumflex artery

and deltoid branch

of thoracoacromial

artery

Supraspinatus Supraspinous fossa

of scapula

Greater tubercle of 

humerus and

capsule of shoulder

joint 

Abduction of arm

and stabilize

shoulder

Suprascapular

nerve (C5 – 6)

Suprascapular

artery

Infraspinatus Infraspinous fossa

of scapula

Greater tubercle of 

humerus and

capsule of shoulder

joint 

Laterally rotatesarm and stabilizes

shoulder

Suprascapular

nerve (C5 – 6)

Suprascapularartery and scapular

circumflex artery

Subscapularis Subscapular fossa

on scapula

Lesser tubersoity of 

humerus

Medially rotates

arm and stabilizes

shoulder

Lower (C5 – 6) and

upper (C5)

subscapular nerves

Branches of 

subscapular artery

Teres minorUpper two-thirds of 

lateral border of 

scapula

Greater tuberosity

of humerus and

capsule of shoulder

joint 

Lateral rotator of 

arm

Axillary nerve (C5 – 

6)

Scapular circumflex

artery

Teres majorLower third of 

lateral border of 

scapula

Medial lip of 

bicipital groove

Medial rotator of 

arm (adduction)

Lower subscapular

nerve (C5 – 6)

Thoracodorsal

artery