short topics chapter 14. training manual october 30, 2001 inventory #001569 14-2 in this chapter, we...
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Short Topics
Chapter 14
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• In this chapter, we will present some general tips and “tricks” on how to use ANSYS more efficiently
Chapter 14 – Short Topics
Overview
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• An abbreviation is a short-cut to commonly used functions. It is a character string that represents one or more ANSYS commands.
• Whenever you define an abbreviation, it appears as a button in the ANSYS Toolbar, giving you one-button access to the desired function.
• There are five predefined abbreviations when you first start ANSYS, but you can modify them or add your own — up to 100 total abbreviations.
Chapter 14 – Short Topics
Toolbar and Abbreviations
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• As an example, to display line numbers on a line plot, you would need to do the following:
– Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Numbering… > Line numbers On > OK
– Utility Menu > Plot > Lines
Later, to turn off line numbers, you would have to use the same menus again.
• Instead, you could define two abbreviations:– LINE_ON for the command string ‘/pnum,line,on $lplot’
– LINE_OFF for ‘/pnum,line,off $lplot’
and simply press the appropriate button in the toolbar to turn line numbering on or off.
Chapter 14 – Short Topics
…Toolbar and Abbreviations
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• The following information is needed for an abbreviation:– The short-cut name
– The command string it represents. To find out the command for a particular function, first execute the function using the GUI, then list the log file (Utility Menu > List > Files > Log File).
• Use the *ABBR command to define abbreviations:
– *ABBR, name, command_string
– If command_string consists of more than one command (separated by a $ sign), it must be enclosed in single quotes.
A convenient dialog box is available for this:– Utility Menu > MenuCtrls > Edit Toolbar…
– or Utility Menu > Macro > Edit Abbreviations…
Chapter 14 – Short Topics
…Toolbar and Abbreviations
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• Abbreviations are stored in the standard ANSYS database, so they get saved to the .db file when you save the database.
• You can also write abbreviations to an ASCII file, jobname.abbr:– Utility Menu > MenuCtrls > Save Toolbar…– or Utility Menu > Macro > Save Abbr…– or ABBSAV command
• To restore abbreviations from a file, use:– Utility Menu > MenuCtrls > Restore Toolbar…– or Utility Menu > Macro > Restore Abbr…– or ABBRES command
Chapter 14 – Short Topics
…Toolbar and Abbreviations
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• By creating a series of .abbr files and with a clever use of ABBSAV and ABBRES functions, you can create “nested” toolbars — buttons that bring up an entirely new set of buttons — and put together a menu of your own!
• Once you master the ANSYS command language, there is virtually no limit to the power and usefulness of abbreviations!
Chapter 14 – Short Topics
…Toolbar and Abbreviations
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• Demo:– Resume rib.db– Create abbreviations EPLOT, APLOT, LPLOT, KPLOT– Delete KPLOT abbreviation– Save abbreviations to file.abbr, then list the file– Now list the log file and show the ABBSAVE command. (This is how
you can find out the commands for a given function.)– Resume rib.db again– Restore abbreviations from file.abbr and use the buttons
Chapter 14 – Short Topics
…Toolbar and Abbreviations
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• Whenever you start ANSYS, it reads a start file called start60.ans (or start57.ans, start56.ans, etc. depending on ANSYS revision).
• You can include any commands in the start file. The most common ones are abbreviation definitions.
• ANSYS checks for the start file first in the working directory and then in your home directory. If no file is found, it will read the “default” start file in the ANSYS documentation directory (/ansys60/docu).
– The “default” start file contains several suggested abbreviations, all of them commented out. You can make a copy of it and “uncomment” the ones you want to use.
Chapter 14 – Short Topics
Start File
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• APDL is an acronym for ANSYS Parametric Design Language, a powerful scripting language that allows you to parameterize your model and automate common tasks.
• Using APDL, you can:– input model dimensions, material properties, etc. in terms of
parameters rather than numbers.– retrieve information from the ANSYS database, such as a node
location or maximum stress.– perform mathematical calculations among parameters, including
vector and matrix operations.– define abbreviations (short cuts) for frequently used commands or
macros.– create a macro to execute a sequence of tasks, with if-then-else
branching, do-loops, and user prompts.
Chapter 14 – APDL
Overview
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• To define a parameter, use the format
Name=Value– Can be typed in the input window or in the Scalar
Parameters dialog (Utility Menu > Parameters > Scalar Parameters...)
– Name is the parameter name, eight alphanumeric characters or less.
– Value may be a number, a previously defined parameter, a mathematical function, a parametric expression, or a character string (enclosed in single quotes).
Chapter 14 – Short Topics
Defining Parameters
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Chapter 14 – Short Topics
...Defining Parameters
• Examples:inrad=2.5
outrad=8.2
numholes=4
thick=outrad-inrad
e=2.7e6
density=0.283
bb=cos(30)
pi=acos(-1)
g=386
massdens=density/g
circumf=2*pi*rad
area=pi*r**2
dist=sqrt((y2-y1)**2+(x2-x1)**2)
slope=(y2-y1)/(x2-x1)
theta=atan(slope)
jobname=‘proj1’
See *SET command for a list of valid function
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Chapter 14 – Short Topics
...Defining Parameters
• The examples above are scalar parameters, which have a single value — either numeric or character.
• ANSYS also supports array parameters, which have multiple values. Both numeric and character arrays are available. Array parameters will not be discussed in this course.
28.7-9.2-2.151.00.0
xvalues =
job1job2job3job4job5
filnam =
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Chapter 14 – Short Topics
...Defining Parameters
Some naming rules:
• Parameter names must be eight characters or less, beginning with a letter.
• Only letters, numbers, and the underscore character _ are allowed.
• Avoid underscore _ as starting character… reserved for ANSYS use.
• Names are not case-sensitive, i.e, “RAD” and “Rad” are the same. All parameters are internally stored in capital letters.
• Avoid common ANSYS labels such as STAT, DEFA, and ALL.
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Chapter 14 – Short Topics
Using Parameters
• To use a parameter, simply enter its name in the appropriate field in the dialog box or on the command.
• For example, to define a rectangle using the parameters w=10 and h=5,
– you can use the menu:
Preprocessor > Create > Rectangle > By 2 Corners +– or commands:
/prep7
blc4,,,w,h
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Chapter 14 – Short Topics
...Using Parameters
Note:
• Whenever you use parameters, ANSYS immediately substitutes their values.
The rectangle in the previous example is stored as a 10x5 area, not as w x h. That is, if you change the value of w or h after creating the rectangle, the area will NOT be updated.
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Chapter 14 – Short Topics
...Using Parameters
• Other examples of using parameters:jobname=‘proj1’
/filnam,jobname ! Jobname
/prep7
youngs=30e6
mp,ex,1,youngs ! Young’s modulus
force=500
fk,2,fy,-force ! Force at KP 2
fk,6,fx,force/2 ! Force at KP 6
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Chapter 14 – Short Topics
Retrieving Database Information
• To retrieve information from the database and assign it to a parameter, use the *GET command or Utility Menu > Parameters > Get Scalar Data...
• A vast amount of information is available, including model and results data. Refer to the *GET command description for details.
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Chapter 14 – Short Topics
...Retrieving Database Information
• Examples:*get,x1,node,1,loc,x ! x1 = X coordinate of node 1 [CSYS]*
/post1
*get,sx25,node,25,s,x ! sx25 = X stress at node 25 [RSYS]*
*get,uz44,node,44,u,z ! uz44 = UZ displacement at node 44 [RSYS]*
nsort,s,eqv ! Sort nodes by von Mises stress
*get,smax,sort,,max ! smax = maximum of last sort
etable,vol,volu ! Store element volumes as vol
ssum ! Sum all element table columns
*get,totvol,ssum,,vol ! totvol = sum of vol column
*CSYS = In the active coordinate system (CSYS)
RSYS = In the active results coordinate system (RSYS)
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Chapter 14 – Short Topics
...Retrieving Database Information
• Some data can be retrieved with a get function.
Examples:x1=nx(1) ! x1 = X coordinate of node 1 [CSYS]*
nn=node(2.5,3,0) ! nn = node at or near (2.5,3,0) [CSYS]*
/post1
ux25=ux(25) ! ux25 = UX at node 25 [RSYS]*
temp93=temp(93) ! temp93 = temperature at node 93
width=distnd(23,88) ! width = distance between nodes 23 & 88
*CSYS = In the active coordinate system (CSYS)
RSYS = In the active results coordinate system (RSYS)
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Chapter 14 – Short Topics
...Retrieving Database Information
• You can use a get function directly in a field, just like a parameter. For example:
k,10,kx(1),ky(3) ! KP 10 at X of KP 1, Y of KP 3 [CSYS]*
k,11,kx(1)*2,ky(3) ! [CSYS]*
f,node(2,2,0),fx,100 ! FX force at node(2,2,0) [CSYS]*
*CSYS = In the active coordinate system (CSYS)
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Summary:
• Define parameters using the format Name=Value.
• Value may be a number, a previously defined parameter, a mathematical function, a parametric expression, or a character string.
• Use *GET or get functions to retrieve data from the ANSYS database.
• ANSYS stores data in their actual form (numbers or strings), not in the form of parameter names.
Chapter 14 – Short Topics
Summary
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APDL Basics
D. Workshop
• Refer to your Workshop Supplement for instructions on:
• W14A Abbreviations
• W14B 2-D Bracket Using Parameters
