1PETROLEUM GEOLOGY (TKG-353)Sarju Winardi, Dept. of Geological Engineering, Gadjah Mada University I. Introduction to petroleum system

1. INTRODUCTION TO PETROLEUM SYSTEMAND EXPLORATION ACTIVITY

2PETROLEUM GEOLOGY (TKG-353)Sarju Winardi, Dept. of Geological Engineering, Gadjah Mada University I. Introduction to petroleum system

HYSTORY OF OIL FINDING

4000 BG; Seeps in Euphrat River as glue.1000 BG; Seeps in Egypt as Mummy balsam1000 BG; Seeps in Egypt as Mummy balsam.2000 y.a.; oil as raw material for lighter & heater.1859; First drilling, Titusville (Pensylvania, USA) by Col Edwin L. Drake, about 21 M.

IN INDONESIA, Since 8th Century in Sumatera as burning material.1870, Oldest exploration by P. Vandijk in Purwodadi, Semarang.15 6 1885 First drilling by Aeilco Janszoon Zylker Telaga Tunggal15-6-1885, First drilling by Aeilco Janszoon Zylker, Telaga Tunggal, Pangkalan Brandan (North Sumatera), about 400 Ft.At the end of 19th C, there were 18 petroleum company in Ind.1902, RDC (Royal Dutch Company).1907 1911 RDC + Shell = B P M1907-1911, RDC + Shell = B.P.M.1912, STANVAC (Standard Oil + Vacuum Oil)1930, BPM + Netherland: NIAM.1935, Caltex, NNGPM.1945 PTMNRI TMSU (1954) PT P i (1957) PN P i1945, PTMNRI---TMSU (1954)---PT. Permina (1957)---PN. Permina (1961). In 1961 also formed PT. Pertamin.1968, PN. Permina + PT. Pertamin--- PN. Pertamina

3PETROLEUM GEOLOGY (TKG-353)Sarju Winardi, Dept. of Geological Engineering, Gadjah Mada University I. Introduction to petroleum system

HOW FIRST OIL WAS FOUND?

OIL SEEPAGEOIL SEEPAGE OIL SEEPAGEOIL SEEPAGE

4PETROLEUM GEOLOGY (TKG-353)Sarju Winardi, Dept. of Geological Engineering, Gadjah Mada University I. Introduction to petroleum system

5PETROLEUM GEOLOGY (TKG-353)Sarju Winardi, Dept. of Geological Engineering, Gadjah Mada University I. Introduction to petroleum system

PETROLEUM SYSTEM

Source Rocks,Definition : rocks that has actually generated & expelled hydrocarbons usuallyDefinition : rocks that has actually generated & expelled hydrocarbons, usually fine grain sediment rocks.Major types of source rock : shale, marl, carbonate, coal.

Reservoir Rocks,Definition : permeable & porous rocks which is filled by hydrocarbon & water inDefinition : permeable & porous rocks which is filled by hydrocarbon & water in its pore.The rocks could be :

• Sandstone.• Carbonate rocks.

Oth k h h l l i k f t d b t t• Other rocks such as shale, volcanic rocks, fractured basement etc.Cap Rocks,

Definition : impermeable rocks medium that isolates a reservoir and retains petroleum.Example : shale anhydrite gypsum marl etcExample : shale, anhydrite, gypsum, marl, etc.

Traps,Definition : geologic features in which petroleum can accumulate.Structural, stratigraphic or combination.

MigrationMigration,Definition: the moving of oil & gas from its source rocks to reservoir rocks. Primary or secondary.

6PETROLEUM GEOLOGY (TKG-353)Sarju Winardi, Dept. of Geological Engineering, Gadjah Mada University I. Introduction to petroleum system

RESERVOIR

SEALTRAPCOMMERCIAL

HYDROCARBONACCUMULATIONACCUMULATION

SOURCE ROCKPROPER TIMINGOF MIGRATIONSOURCE ROCK OF MIGRATION

7PETROLEUM GEOLOGY (TKG-353)Sarju Winardi, Dept. of Geological Engineering, Gadjah Mada University I. Introduction to petroleum system

EXPLORATION ACTIVITY-basin delineation

8PETROLEUM GEOLOGY (TKG-353)Sarju Winardi, Dept. of Geological Engineering, Gadjah Mada University I. Introduction to petroleum system

EXPLORATION ACTIVITY-surface mapping

9PETROLEUM GEOLOGY (TKG-353)Sarju Winardi, Dept. of Geological Engineering, Gadjah Mada University I. Introduction to petroleum system

EXPLORATION ACTIVITY seismic survey & EXPLORATION ACTIVITY-seismic survey & interpretation

10PETROLEUM GEOLOGY (TKG-353)Sarju Winardi, Dept. of Geological Engineering, Gadjah Mada University I. Introduction to petroleum system

EXPLORATION ACTIVITY-drilling

11PETROLEUM GEOLOGY (TKG-353)Sarju Winardi, Dept. of Geological Engineering, Gadjah Mada University I. Introduction to petroleum system

LOGGING

12PETROLEUM GEOLOGY (TKG-353)Sarju Winardi, Dept. of Geological Engineering, Gadjah Mada University I. Introduction to petroleum system

CORING

13PETROLEUM GEOLOGY (TKG-353)Sarju Winardi, Dept. of Geological Engineering, Gadjah Mada University I. Introduction to petroleum system

GEOCHEMISTRY ANALYSIS

ANA YSIS OF KEROGEN TYPE ANALYSIS OF VITRINITE REFLECTANCEANALYSIS OF KEROGEN TYPE ANALYSIS OF VITRINITE REFLECTANCE

14PETROLEUM GEOLOGY (TKG-353)Sarju Winardi, Dept. of Geological Engineering, Gadjah Mada University I. Introduction to petroleum system

SYLLABUS

WEEK LECTURING TOPICS PRACTICEI. INTRODUCTION TO PETROLEUM SYSTEM & EXPLORATION ACTIVITY DRILLING & MUD LOGGINGII HYDROCARBON COMPOSITION GENESIS & SOURCE ROCKS CUTTING ANALYSIS

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY (TKG -353)

II. HYDROCARBON COMPOSITION, GENESIS & SOURCE ROCKS CUTTING ANALYSISIII. RESERVOIR ROCKS-1 (PHYSICAL PROPERTIES) CORE DESCRIPTIONIV. RESERVOIR ROCKS-2 (SILICICLASTICS) LOG ANALYSIS-1 (QUALITATIVE)V. RESERVOIR ROCKS-3 (CARBONATES) LOG ANALYSIS-2 (QUANTITATIVE)VI. CAP ROCKS, TRAPS & TRAPPING MECHANISM INTERPRETATION OF SEISMIC DATAVII. MIGRATION & ACCUMULATION ANALYSIS OF DIPMETER & FMIVIII MIDTERM RESPONSI-1VIII. MIDTERM RESPONSI 1IX. EXPLORATION STEPS WELL TESTINGX. FORMATION EVALUATION-1 CORRELATION & SUBSURCACE SECTIONXI. FORMATION EVALUATION-2 SUBSURFACE MAPPING & RESERVES CALCULATIONXII. LEADS, PROSPECTS & RESERVES CLASSIFICATION RISK ANALYSISXIII. PRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT ENHANCED OIL RECOVERYXIV. PETROLEUM GEOLOGY OF INDONESIA BASINS FIELD TRIP PREPARATIONXV. FINAL EXAM RESPONSI-2

15PETROLEUM GEOLOGY (TKG-353)Sarju Winardi, Dept. of Geological Engineering, Gadjah Mada University I. Introduction to petroleum system

ABOUT LECTURING

To be planned about 13 times lecturing1 middle examination1 final examination Absence max 3 timesFinal mark = 35% final exam, 35% middle exam, 30% practice,Mark (A>=75, 65<=B<=74.9, 55<=C<=64.9, D<=54.9).No re-examination both middle & finalNo remediationBonus for active students both asking & answering.