shooting, editing and retouching notes recovered editing... · photography business. niepce was...

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Shooting, Editing and Retouching for

Print Production

Tony Morella

Picture of a model in my mother’s wedding dress merged with a picture of paper samples.

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A Little Housekeeping

Leave your images with my assistant now You can pick up your print, samples and drive at the end

Feel Free to ask questions during the presentation If the answer is too long I’ll talk too you later

Fill out the Hahnemuhle Raffle Form completely! You can win a 13x19 box of paper worth up to $200*

*Retail value based upon paper you choose

I’m a PC user, My screen shots are of PC software Please don’t ask how it’s done on a MAC

I can answer questions about your prints at the end Your images will not be saved to our computer

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My BackgroundBachelors In Fine Art Photography

Technician and Product Manager

Product Manager at Anitec

Product and Marketing Kodak

Software Product Manager Ricoh

InkJet Press Consultant Epson

My Career History

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TodayI own and operate a print shop:

Digital Printing

Digital Image Manipulation

Digital Photography

www.digitaleditionsatelier.com

Digital Editions Atelier is the company I started 5 years ago. These images are all from clients of mine

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Who Invented Photography?

William Henry Fox Talbot

1839 is the inventor of the photographic

process we use today,

(Negative/Positive) but it didn’t catch

on for 40 yrs.

Joseph NicéphoreNiépce

1826 First person to get a photographic image to stay on

anything. Was trying to make a printing plate! 1833 dies and, leaves his

notes to Louis Daguerre

Louis Daguerre1839, Niépce’

partner brings this (Direct Positive)

product to market with some

improvements and starts the

photography business.

Niepce was trying to make a better printing plate because:

It was the age of the Atelier (French Print Studio)

The virtues of finely drawn and carefully printed etchings were promoted by landscape painters of the Barbizon School and the American expatriate James McNeil Whistler (17.3.85). Although the graphic arts, in the labored precision of their production, were generally viewed as antithetical to the Impressionists' aims to produce fugitive, atmospheric effects,Édouard Manet (1980.1077), Edgar Degas (19.29.2), and Camille Pissarro (21.46.1) extended their reach by exploring the possibilities of etching, aquatint, and lithography. Degas, the finest draftsman of these three painters, experimented in making monotypes by printing onto paper images he had worked up in ink on sheets of glass or metal.

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How do you make a good digital Print?

It requires 3 elements

The right exposure

The right software tools

The right printer settings

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The Basics

1. Shooting: With the intent of printing Know what your camera can do Use camera settings that are print friendly Get exposures that print well

2. Editing: Tonal Range and Color Space Soft Proof before you print Manipulate the Tonal Range for print Manipulate the colors to print

3. Printer Settings: Optimized Choose optimum size to print Choose optimum Rendering Intent to use Choose optimum settings for the paper

What we will cover

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No image prints as you saw it!

Most Cameras can’t capture everything you can seeMost Monitors can’t show everything you captureNo Printer can print everything your screen shows

Each step has limitations

Limited Tonal Range

Limited Color Reproduction

Limited Luminescence

Printing is the art of navigating around the limitations

The misconceptions of WYSIWYG. We are not there yet but I’m sure we will be soon.

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Understanding Your Camera

It’s Setting Trade offs

It’s Lens Limitations

It’s Tonal Range Limits

It’s Sensor Limitations

The more you know the better you can Navigate

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Before You Shoot

Set White balanceAuto WB usually works wellYou may want to trim it to your taste

Set your color spacePro Photo captures the most colors

Adobe RGB is the most universal

sRGB captures the least colors

If you have a high end printer use the most

If you are printing at Walmart use sRGB

Set your file typeIf you are going to retouch you want the pixel depth of RAW

Full Auto Exposure can be trouble…

The camera doesn’t know the fstop sweet spot

The camera doesn’t know the subject is moving

Control your Exposure

Mind your ISOAuto ISO can be troubleLower is betterHigh ISO = NoiseBigger prints=bigger noise

Use your toolsSpot Meter

Exposure Lock

EV adjustments

Active lighting

Steady Shot

Check your HistogramIt shows how much range you captured

Things to keep in mind before you begin shooting

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Evaluate the Tonal Range

Misty Day

Scenes have varying Tonal Ranges

Average Day{{ Color Film

Color Print

B&W Print

B&W Film{

Bright Day

Digital Technology has limited ability to capture Tonal Range Digital Cameras Film Monitors Printers

Tonal Range. We want a picture that shows what we saw. Since it’s not possible we need to control our print workflow to get as close perceptually as possible

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Dynamic Range

Each camera can capture a specific range In Auto Exposure the camera decides by averaging

The camera reads the range and centers itADL and HTP is in-camera software that extends the range

14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 f stops

Bright sunny days can be troublesome

The range is outside what the camera can capture

Average day no problem

With Auto exposure the camera clips what it can’t handle

What your camera’s sensor is capable of.

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Dynamic Range



14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 f stops



Avg. Day=7 f Stops




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Dynamic Range



Sunny Day=19 f Stops

14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 f stops






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Cameras Are Getting Better

Nikon Native DR9.3 f Stops

Nikon Extended DR11.7 f Stops

Canon Native DR9.7 f Stops

Canon Extended DR10.3 f Stops

Their Dynamic Range capabilities are getting better

9.7 f Stops

11.7 f Stops

DRO ADL HTP are In Camera image processing software


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Digital Cameras Produce Noise

Lowlight scenes produce more noise because the photons are weakest

The smaller the photosites are the more likely you will get noise

Two cameras with the same megapixels

Noise occurs when a photon of light goes to the wrong photosite

Sensors are millions of photosensitive sites called Photosites

Noise

Example: 2 sensors with 24 MP

How does noise occur

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DXO Labs ComparisonNotice the top 10 are almost all Full Framesensors

DXO labs Top 10 comparison. Keep in mind if you can resort the list depending on the type of photography you predominately do: Sports,Landscapes,Portraits

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Digital is Like Slide FilmWhen shooting… Spot Meter what matters

Expose for the highlight detail

Good prints have detail In the Highlights and the Shadows

Err to the underexposed Most Shadow detail is retrievable

If a Highlight is clipped it’s not retrievable

The histograms show dynamic range you captured

Shoot for the highlights process for the shadows. The same as we did for Color Slide film The opposite of what we did for Color and B&W Negative film

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Meter What MattersExample 1

Auto Exposure is programmed to…

Expose for the mid-tones. It lightens the image overall

What the photographer was thinking

“ I want to see printed detail in the highlights so I want to let less light in”

1. Point spot meter to the highlight2. Lock in the exposure3. Reframe 4. Shoot

How to meter for what matters Example 1

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Meter What MattersExample 2

What the auto exposure does:

Reads too much light and closes down

What the photographer wants

“ That dog should be white I need more light ”

• Use EV to add light

• Meter the highlight

• Lock the Exposure

• Reframe if you like

• Take the shot

How to meter for what matters Example 2

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HDRIHigh Dynamic Range Imaging

A method of rendering an image that is closer to what the eye can truly see.Use a Tripod

Step :1 expose for the highlights

Step :2 expose for the Shadows

Step :3 Merge the two together with software

{Photoshop, Lightroom 4, Other}

You can adjust how much of each exposure is used

Software method of HDR

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In Camera HDR

The camera automatically shoots up to 7 shots at different exposuresUse a Tripod

In Camera method of HDR.

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First Photographer to use HDR?

Gustave Le Gray In 1850s

Le Gray used one negative for the sky, and another one with a longer exposure for the sea, and combined the two in the darkroom

In the 1850s and 1860s this was probably the most famous photographic image in Europe. A London photographic dealer reported 800 prints ordered within the first two months of sale.

800 prints in two months!

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Good Prints Have SharpDetail

Use a good lens

Shoot at the optimum

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A Word About Lenses

Canon EF 50mm f1.4 USM Vs Sigma 50mm f1.4 EX DG HSM

Research your lens before you buy

Choose your Lens

Choose Your Cameras

http://www.the-digital-picture.com/

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Another Word About Lenses

Canon 50mm f1.4 Vs Sigma 50mm f1.4

Sharp in the center isn’t always sharp at the extremes

http://www.dpreview.com/

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The f Stop Sweet Spot


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Zoom Vs Prime

Canon Zoom @ 24mm Vs Canon Prime 24mmCompared at their Optimum f Stop


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Understanding ColorEditing compensates for printing

deficiencies

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1st Calibrate Your Monitor

Do it Yourself http://mansurovs.com/how-to-calibrate-your-

monitor

Buy a Monitor calibrator $169.00

Buy a Camera, Monitor, Printer calibrator $449.00

http://www.xritephoto.com

Also a lot of great videos explaining color management

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They Work Like This

Load The softwareHang the device on your monitorHit nextThe Software flashes colorsThe Device reads the colorsIt creates a Profile of your monitorSave the profileUse it when looking at imagesTip: Evaluate color in a darkened room

http://www.xritephoto.com

Also a lot of great videos explaining color management

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Why Didn’t My Colors Print?

Color is a complex phenomena The eye can capture a lot of color

Unfortunately most technology cannot

Print captures the least

Fortunately most people forget what they saw!

The range of colors a person can see or a device can reproduce is called its:

Color Space or Color Gamut

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The Human Eye CIE 1931- First Map of What the Eye Can See

Each color was defined with coordinates

based upon The Electromagnetic

Spectrum

CIE- International Commission on Illumination

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The Color Space

The 1977 L.A.B. color Space can be viewed from all angles

In 1977 the CIE released a 3D map of the colors we can see

http://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/color-spaces.htm

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Color Space is a 3D MapYou Navigate the space using only 3 coordinates

This spot would be something like

50% L50% +A10% -B

The coordinates for color are expressed in %L ,%A,%B

Black Point

White Point


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Color Spaces Can be Compared

A map of what the eye can see (Wire)A map of what Monitor can show sRGB (Solid)

A color that falls here can be seen by your eye but not reproduced on a monitor. It's Out of Gamut for the Monitor color space sRGB

Here are two color space maps


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What Epson Glossy

Can Print

(Solid)

What The

Monitor Shows(Wire)

Out Of Gamut Colors

This Would be a Color your Monitor can show but this Printer/Paper

combination can not print

Paper Manufacturers Test Papers on Different Printers

Once a Manufacturer maps his product he

publishes the info in a language a computer

can understandIt’s called an

ICC Profile

http://www.northscape.co.uk/colour-managed-workflow

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Color Spaces are Subsets

Human EyeAdobe RGB sRGB

9 Color,Printer

4 ColorPrinter

Subsets which pretty much fit inside each other

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Understanding PixelsOnce the Camera Sensor records the light it is turned into numeric information (Binary) for

your computer to use called Pixels

It’s uses Binary because computers only use 2 numbers

0= off and 1= on

How can a machine that only understands 2 numbers do so much!

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Pixels are Measured in Bits

Cameras record12 or 14 bits per Colorcalled Raw.

Most cameras save as Jpeg or RawJpeg is a compression technology that reducesthe bits/pixel levels to 8 bits28 =256

Bit Depth are the levels from darkest to lightest within each pixel

Raw Jpeg

Computers read bits aseither Off =0 or On =1 (binary)212 =4,096 214=16,384

The power of 2

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Save Your Files as Tiffs

Blackest black Whitest white

Raw Files are converted to Tiffs by your computer

Tiffs stretch the raw file to 16 bits of information per Pixel

8 bit256 levelsper color

16 bit 65,536 levels

per color

Jpegs Tiffs

Jpegs are great when you are done with all the work but they limit you when you are manipulating the colors.

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Advantage of Bit DepthUnder Exposed Image Corrected Image

Lightening the image spreads the pixel out

Jpeg Version Tiff Version

Jpegs are great when you are done with all the work but they limit you when you are manipulating the colors. Here is why.

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Editing and Processing

Basic tools:ICC ProfilesSoft Proofing Gamut Color ControlLevels AdjustmentRendering Intent

The software tools to adjust the image for optimum viewing

and printing

No matter who is doing the printing!

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What Is an ICC ProfileA standard created by (International Color Consortium)ICC was formed in 1993 by eight industry vendors in order to create an open, vendor-neutral color management systemAdobe, Agfa, Apple, Kodak, Microsoft, Silicon Graphics, Sun Microsystems, and Taligent. It’s computer code for communicating color info It defines what colors can be projected and/or printed It’s essential for printing good color I make them for some of my clients who print with me

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Papers Have ICC Profiles

Most Inkjet paper manufactures provide themFor each different paper they make

You can download them from their websites

They are specific to the equipment being usedThe Brand

The Model

The Inks

Epson

Color Stylus Pro 9890

Ultrachrome K3 Inks

You can make your own

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Here Is How it WorksPrint the test chartRead the test chart

Save and install the profile

If someone else prints for you, send them these files to print first

(Actually Two 8x10 prints)

Make your own profiles for the ultimate in color control. Or send them to the printer you send your images to to print.

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Why use ICC Profiles? ICC profiles define the colors of the entire workflow In printing the profile describes the paper to the computer:

How white is the whiteHow reflective is the surfaceHow much ink it can hold

Your computer uses this info to make adjustmentsWhat the monitor shows (Soft Proofing)What colors the Paper/Printer combo can printHow much ink to print

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My Workflow

Raw File Raw File

Adobe BridgeAdobe

Camera Raw

Adobe Photoshop

TIFF or JPEG

TIFF

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Adobe Bridge

A Light Table

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Adobe Camera Raw

Initial Image Processing (Development) Straighten

Lens Correction

Chromatic Aberration

Sharpening & Noise Reduction

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Adobe Camera RawStraighten

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Adobe Camera RawLens Correction

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Adobe Camera RawChromatic Aberration

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Adobe Camera RawSharpening & Noise Reduction

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Adobe Photoshop

Fine Tuning for Print Size Print

Soft ProofFor Paper Stock

For Color Gamut

Levels Adjustment

Sharpen For Print

Print Dialog Screen

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Size Print

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A Word About SizeSize Matters

35mm Scanned at 4000dpi Up to 27”x18” print

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If you want to push it-Use Perfect Resize from

OnOne software

Perfect resize from OnOne software

http://www.ononesoftware.com/products/resize8/

Even does my Gallery wraps

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35mm Scanned at 4000dpi Up to 27”x18” print

Don’t throw away those old negs!

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Soft Proofing Your Images

View > Proof Setup > Custom To pick your ICC Profile Which brings up the list Choose Proof conditions

In Photoshop

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2

1

Soft Proofing with ICC profiles

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Soft Proofing Your Images

Colors that will not Print

Out Of Gamut Color

View > Gamut Warning Out of Gamut colors get

highlighted

Soft Proofing with ICC profiles

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Controlling Color Window > Adjustments> Hue/Saturation Tool

Begin adjusting

Adjusting Color while Soft Proofing with ICC profiles

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Adjusting Contrast Window > Adjustments> Levels Tool

Adjusting contrast while Soft Proofing with ICC profiles

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Adjusting Contrast Window > Adjustments> Levels Tool

Adjusting Color while Soft Proofing with ICC profiles

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Sharpen to Print Filter > Sharpen> Smart Sharpen

Sharpening before you print

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Print Dialog

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5

2

1 Printer Set-Up

Color HandlingChoose ProfileRendering IntentBlack Point

Printer Settings

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Printer Settings

3

4

5

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Media Type

Color or B&W

Quality Level

Mode

Put up & Size

Print Preview6

Save

Back to Photoshop

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Print

Hit Print

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Absolute and Saturated

Rendering IntentRelative and Perceptual

Relative Colorimetric will clip any colors that are outside the printer/paper capability which can result in a flattened image in terms of color. On the plus side it matches colors it can print perfectly.

Perceptual Intent retains the relationship between colors, the spacing in the values, it doesn't clip colors but drops the saturation in very saturated colors.

Rendering Intent when to use which. Our eyes are more sensitive to the perceptional relationship between colors rather than the actual color.

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Not all Print Equipment is the

Same

Better Printers Make Better Prints

Just a little self promotion here

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Variety of Printers on the Market

All Color Printers start with CMYK InksFactors that change the color gamut Print Technology Used

Dye-sublimation (heated dyes)Xerographic (charged toner particles)Ink Jet (dyes or Pigments)

Dyes Vs PigmentsDyes- more brilliantPigments- last longer

Quality of the Inks used Quality of the Papers they can print on Number of colors (more is better)

C,Lc,M,Lm,Y,PK,MK,Lk,LLk,

More Colors is always better new 12 color printers have even more color gamut

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Ink-Jet PrintersPredominant Type: Drop-on-demandTwo Varieties of these

Thermal inkjet printer Ink is pumped into Chamber Chamber is heated Heat pushes drops of ink onto paper

HP, Canon, and Lexmark

Piezo-electric inkjet printer, Ink is pumped into Chamber Electric charge vibrates crystal, Crystal pushes ink onto paper

Epson

Tech Wars: Epson has higher resolution but Canon clogs less often and is more self maintained (a blessing when print heads need to be replaced)

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The New Hay Day of PhotographyInkJet has returned it with a Passion!The products on the market are endless! Weights (vellum, single, double, card stock) You name it!

Sizes (from 4x5 up to 66 in x 100 ft rolls.)

Base colors Can match photo white (Plus: cream, ivory, Silver, Gold, Red, Green, Yellow, Blue and more)

Textures Can match photo glossy, pearl and matte (Plus: linen, silk, (Real Silk!) canvas, leather, cotton, and metal!

Fine Art Papers which have been made for centuries Including, Watercolor, Bamboo, Sugar Cane, Rice and 100% Cotton are now Inkjet coated

You can even coat your own!

The range of products is amazing! My philosophy is: The Image isn’t done till it’s printed ( of course). The wide variety allows photographers to add an extra element to help deliver their visual message home.

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Post Printing Ink-Jet Tips

Inks are mostly water therefore:They need to Gas Out (24hr dry)Don’t touch the surface (use gloves)Maintain a good Relative HumidityKeep printer covered when not printingPrint oftenBefore your vacation:Remove the heads (if possible)Run a cleaning cycle

After your vacation:Run a cleaning cycle

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Some of My Resourceshttp://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/color-spaces.htm

http://www.the-digital-picture.com/

http://shutha.org

http://www.hdrphototutorial.com/capturing-enough-dynamic-range/

http://sketchminded.blogspot.com

http://www.dxomark.com

http://www.digitalphotographylive.com


http://www.hahnemuehle.com/en/digital-fineart.html

http://www.canson-infinity.com/en/index.asp

http://www.redrivercatalog.com/

I also included the paper manufactures sites so you can download the ICC profiles.

Have Fun!

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It’s Time to Raffle!

shooting, editing and retouching notes recovered editing... · photography business. niepce was...

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