DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGYALLAHABAD SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE

SAM HIGGINBOTTOM INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES

[Formerly-Allahabad Agricultural Institute](Deemed-to-be-University)

ALLAHABAD- 211007, U.P., INDIA 

PRESENTATION ON

“SHOOT AND FRUIT BORER OF BRINJIAL ”

BY,RAKESH KR.

MEENA

Content Brinjal IntroductionShoot and fruit borer of Brinjal Introduction Importance Host plant and distribution Nature of damage Life cycle Management : Cultural, Biological & Chemical control Bt Brinjal Conclusion References

BrinjalIntroduction Scientific Name : Solanum melongena L. Family : Solanaceae* It is often described (under the name "baingan" or"brinjal")

as the "king of vegetables".* According to FAO in  2012, China ranks first in the

production of brinjal (58% of world output) and India ranks second(25%), contributing 13557.8 million tonnes to the world production.

* In Uttar Pradesh, the area under cultivation of brinjal is 2.90 million hectare , production 90.80 million tonnes and the productivity is 7.58 MT/ha (NHB, Database, 2013-14).

Shoot & Fruit Borer of BrinjalIntroduction

Scientific classification Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Arthropoda Class : Insecta Order : Lepidoptera Faimly : Pyralidae Genus : Luecinodes Species : orbanalis

Economic Importance Brinjal Fruit and Shoot Borer is a very dangerous pest of

brinjal. It not only reduces the yield by making holes in shoots as well as in fruits but also reduces the aesthetic value of the fruits so loss get doubled.

It is a monophagous pest feeds only on Brinjal.

Singh et al. (2000) reported that the borer infestation was 78.66% on top shoots in vegetative phase and then shifted to flowers and fruits with infestation reaching 67 % in fruiting phase.

Host plant : It is a monophagous

pest feeds only on Brinjal.

Distribution: This pest is widely distributed in China,

India, Sri Lanka, Egypt, Malaysia. In India M.P., Rajasthan, West Bengal, Bihar

etc.

Nature of damageDamage is caused by caterpillar.Larva is a internal feeder it immediately bore into

the nearest tender shoot or flower or fruit just after hatching.

Larval feeding, inside shoots, result in wilting of the young shoot.

Cont….. In young fruits, newly hatched larvae bore into the

fruit and the large holes usually seen on friuts. Larval feeding inside the fruit results in destruction

of fruit tissue. A single caterpillar may destroy 4-6 fruits.

Life cycle The four development stages viz., egg, larva, pupa,

adult are found its life cycle. Egg : Female moth lays about 250 eggs singly

on tender shoots and developing fruits of brinjal. Larva : Larva about 18-22 mm long and The

caterpillar is pink in colour.

Pupa : Greyish boat shaped cocoon.The pupal period is 7-8 days.

Adult : Adult Forewings has black and brown patches and

dots on white colour. The adult measures about 20-22 mm across the

wings.

Management Cultural control : Crop rotation is beneficial as the insect survives only

on brinjal.Intercropping brinjal with other crops like cowpea,

maize, corainder which improve the natural habitat for natural enemies (like spiders, lace wings, ladybirds etc) against the pest.

Collection, destruction of dried shoot tips and bored fruits. This is an efficient method because the larvae tend to pupate in the plant residues.

Biological controlNatural enemies against BFSB reported in India:

• PredatorsCampyloneura sp (a bug), Coccinella septempunctata (seven spotted ladybird beetle).

• ParasitoidsPseudoperichaeta sp, Phanerotoma sp.

• EntomopathogensFungus (Bipolaris tetramera), Baculovirus, Nuclear polyhedrosis virus.

Release egg parasitoid: Trichogramma chilonis @ 50,000/ ha, four times from 30 DAT.

Chemical controlSoil application of carbofuran 3G at 30kg/ha 10 days

after transplanting is very effective. Cultivation of brinjal under protected cultivation

(net house condition) is found to reduce the incidence of shoot and fruit borer.

Spray any one of the following chemicals starting from one month after planting at 15 days interval.

Azadirachtin 0.03%, Profenophos 0.05 %, Spinosad 48 SC 160 ml/ha, Carbosulfan @ 3 ml/l.                                                             Latif M.A., et al(2010)

Bt Brinjal This variety was designed to give the plant resistance to lepidopteran

insects like the brinjal fruit and shoot borer (Leucinodes orbonalis).

Bt Brinjal is the first Genetically Modified food crop in India that has reached the approval stage for commercialization.

Bt Brinjal has been developed by inserting a gene cry1Ac from a soil bacterium called Bacillus thuringiensis into the genome of various brinjal cultivars.

It is developed by the Maharashtra Hybrid Seed Company Ltd. (Mahyco).

How is the Bt Brinjal effective against pests like

the fruit and shoot borer

When fruit and shoot borer larvae feed on Bt brinjal plants, they ingest the Bt protein Cry1Ac along with plant tissue.

In the insect gut which is alkaline with a pH >9.5, the protein is 11 solubilized and activated by gut proteases.

This leads to disruption of digestive processes, paralysis and subsequent death of the fruit and shoot borer larvae.

Conclusion Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer is serious pest of

brinjal. The damages caused by BSFB reduce a great

amount of yield and economical losses. There are different types of management for the

control of this insect. The most economical and eco friendly means of

management is IPM which helps to manage the insect in huge amount.

To control the insect, we should first understand the biology of insect and its predators and parasites.

Cont…. The use of bio-pesticides are very good than

toxic chemicals.

Broad-spectrum chemicals sprayed to kill EFSB will also kill these beneficial insects.

If selective biological insecticides are used instead, many other parasitoids will survive and be able to attack this pest larvae.

ReferencesAnil  and  P.C.  Sharma: Bioefficacy of insecticides against

Leucinodes orbonalis on brinjal. Latif M.A.,Rahman M.M.,Alam M.Z. 2010, Efficacy of nine

insecticide against shoot and fruit borer in eggplant.Arunkumar,  H.  2013.  Baseline sensitivity of brinjal shoot

and fruit borer, L. orbonalis(Guen) in South India to Cry1Ac insecticidal protein of B.thuringiensis. Curr. Sci.104 : 1-6

Dr.  Y.K. Mathur & Dr.  K.D. Upadhyay  : A text book of entomology.

wikipedia.org.Leucinodes_orbonalis  agritech.tnau.ac.in