shoe types and anatomy
TRANSCRIPT
Shoes: Anatomy, Types, and SelectionAndrew BernhardKent State University College of Podiatric MedicineSt. Joseph Medical Center – Houston, TX
Shoe History• Shoes have been around
since at least 7500 BCE• Otzi the Iceman died
around 3300 BCE with shoes on
• Romans wore sandals similar to todays around the beginning of the common era.
• Modern shoes, with sewn-on soles, have been produced since the 17th century
General Shoe Anatomy
• This is the modern athletic shoe.• It’s composed of three major parts,
with variable components for each.
Dress or Casual Shoes
• Male Shoes• Oxfords or Balmorals• Derbys or Bluchers•Monk Shoe• Slip-On Shoes
• Female Shoes• High Heels•Mules• Slingbacks• Ballet Flats
Boots• Very common
footwear, especially down here.
• They extend up the leg and can be for men or women.
• Types:•Work boots• Cowboy boots• Hiking boots• Snow boots• Dress boots
Other Common Types
• These do not really fit into any major category
• They are currently very common in the US, though• Clogs• Sandals• Boat Shoes• Slippers
Athletic Shoes• These shoes stand to
offer the best in fit, comfort, and control
• Can sometimes not be worn due to restrictions at work or in social situations
• Can be easily modified with orthotic inserts
• Are designed to be sport-specific
What type of shoe should you be in?• Determined by an
individuals needs, including level of activity, appearance, and pathologies present.
• Some need more control while others need more support.
• Most people will do best in an athletic shoe, from the podiatry aspect.
Shoe Selection Criteria• Shoes should be fit on two
basic considerations: arch type and motion available
• Arch types include rectus, pes cavus, or pes planus
• Motions are generally described in regards to the subtalar joint:• Overpronators, Pronators,
and Underpronators
• There are three basic shoe constructs for these foot types:• Motion control, Stability, and
Cushioned shoes
Motion Control Shoes
• These shoes are best for patients with pes planus, those who overpronate, and those who are overweight.
• The shoes are more stable, rigid, and are bulkier.
• They may offer a medial post to provide suppor along the arch.
Stability Shoes• These are best for a
“normal” foot; a rectus foot that pronates normally.
• The shoe is moderately rigid, especially at toe-off, with adequate cushioning.
• It is not designed to control motion or provide cushioning, but simply walk the line.
Cushioned shoes• These shoes are
probably the least used; a small percent of the population has a cavus foot.
• With a lack of pronation, there is more force on the plantar lateral foot.
• These shoes tend to have flexible outsoles and extensive shock absorption.
What can evaluating shoes tell you?
• By checking wear patterns, we can accurately and easily determine a patients gait pattern.
The Importance of Shoe Selection • Selecting the perfect
shoe may not be important for everyone.
• Patients presenting to a podiatry clinic, however, will have benefit from proper shoegear.
• Diabetes, arthritis, plantar fasciitis, and fat pad atrophy are just some conditions that highlight the need for specific shoes.
Thank You
References• Cheskin MP, Sherkin KJ, Bates BT. The Complete Handbook of Athletic
Footwear. Fairchild Publications. 1987. • Dutra T. “Chapter 3: Athletic Foot Types and Deformities” Athletic
Footwear and Orthoses in Sports Medicine. Werd MB, Knight EL (eds.). Springer Science and Business, 2010: 37-46.
• Frederick EC. “Physiological and ergonomics factors in running shoe design” Applied Ergonomics. 1984. Vol 15 (4): 281-287.
• Gould N. “Shoes and Shoe Modification” Disorders of the Foot. Jahss MH Ed. Saunders. 1982: 1745-1782.
• McPoil TG. “Athletic footwear: Design, performance and selection issues” Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2000. Vol 3 (3): 260-267.
• Smith LS. “Athletic Footwear” Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery. 1986. Vol 3 (4): 637-647.
• Subotnick SI, King C, Vartivarian M, Klaisri C. “Chapter 1: Evolution of Athletic Footwear” Athletic Footwear and Orthoses in Sports Medicine. Werd MB, Knight EL (eds.). Springer Science and Business, 2010: 3-17.
• Yamashita MH. “Evaluation and Selection of Shoe Wear and Orthoses for the Runner” Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics. 2005. Vol 16: 801-829.