Shivaji University Campus

Biodiversity Report 2018 -2019

Prepared by

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE,

SHIVAJI UNIVERSITY, KOLHAPUR

©Registrar,

Shivaji University,

Kolhapur (Maharashtra)

All rights reserved. No part of this work be reproduced in any form by

mimeograph or any other means without permission in writing from

Shivaji University, Kolhapur (Maharashtra).

ISBN: 978-93-85190-14-8

Published by:

Prof. (Dr.) Vilas D. Nandavadekar

Registrar,

Shivaji University, Kolhapur.

Phone: (0) 0231-2609063

(R) 0231-2609059

(M) +91-9421918134

Email: registrar@unishivaji.ac.in

Prof. (Dr.) R. K. Kamat Photo credits:

Co-ordinator, Prof. (Dr.) P. D. Raut, Amol Chougule,

Internal Quality Assurance Cell, Chetan Bhosale, Amit Mane.

Shivaji University, Printed by:

Kolhapur- 416 004. Shivaji University Press,

(Maharashtra), India. Kolhapur-416 004.

Phone: (O) 0231-2609087

Email: iqac@unishivaji.ac.in

Dedicated to

Late Dr. (Ms.) Nilisha P. Desai

Chief Editor

Prof. (Dr.) Prakash D. Raut

Editorial Team

Dr. (Mrs.)Aasawari S. Jadhav Dr. Pallavi R. Bhosale

Ms. Nirmala B. Pokharnikar Ms. Aarti A. Parit

Ms. Priya R. Vasagadekar Ms. Sonal G. Chonde

Ms. Sanjivani T. Chougale Mr. Amol A. Chougule

Mr. Chetan S. Bhosale

Field Team

Ms. Nirmala Pokharnikar Ms. Aarti A. Parit

Ms. Priya Vasagadekar Mr. Amol A. Chougule

Ms. Sanjivani T. Chougale Mr. Amit R. Mane

Mr. Chetan S. Bhosale Mr. Ajay V. Gaud

Mr. Harshad V. Suryawanshi

Prepared by:

Department of Environmental Science,

Shivaji University, Kolhapur.

ISBN: 978-93-85190-14-8

EDITORIAL ....

It is a proud moment for me to put forward the ‘Biodiversity Report 2018 - 2019’ of Shivaji University, Kolhapur. The

richness of any area is measured by its species diversity. Shivaji University campus is blessed to have a biodiversity rich campus

which includes variety of habitats like grassland, woodland, gardens, wetland and open land. The habitat gives support to diverse

ecosystems providing nesting and roosting sites for birds, mammals, reptiles, insects and butterflies. The migrated peacocks from

the surrounding areas have become residents of the campus. Some migratory aquatic birds like Painted Stork have become residents

on the lakes of the campus.

The report has been prepared initially by Late Dr. (Ms.) Nilisha P. Desai, a faculty of Department of Environmental Science

and by the students and the staff of the Department of Environmental Science, Botany and Zoology by following standard methods

and protocols followed internationally to prepare lists of plants and animals. The report gives lists of important birds, reptiles,

amphibians, butterflies and some major tree species on the campus. The detailed floral list of plants is available with Botany

Department as ‘Flora of ‘Lead Botanical Garden’ of Shivaji University. Though, the report gives substantial list of flora and fauna,

the list of insects, other invertebrates and minor plants is to be included in the next attempt.

I must thank all my Faculty, Research Scholars and M.Sc. students of the Department of Environmental Science, Botany

and Zoology for contributing to prepare this report in the form of field work, photo documentation and write-up.

Dr. P.D. Raut

Professor and Head

Department of Environmental Science, Shivaji University, Kolhapur

Introduction:

Shivaji University was established on 18th

November 1962 to make opportunities of higher education accessible to rural

youth, conducting fundamental and applied research in the field of science and humidifies to ensure regional growth and

development. It is provided with the administrative building, examination building, various P.G. faculty department, library, study

centre , ladies as well as boys hostel , common facility centre (CFC) aided with variety of instrument , gymnasium, sports ground ,

many more facilities for students . Since year 1962 to provide infrastructure there is rapid growth of buildings on the campus.

Shivaji University is located at 160

40’ N latitude and 740 15’ E longitudes on the southern side of the Kolhapur city at the

altitude 587.6msl. University campus covers about 853 acres area. Earlier this hilly area of the city was used for farming. Large part

of the campus was under grass and routinely used for the cattle grazing. After establishment of the university these routine land-use

practices were changed.

Infrastructure carries three tanks on its campus. University campus itself provides origin of various fresh water streams.

Which pass through the city towards the river Panchganga. As campus is having good green patch. People from the city identify the

university as one of the good healthy and wilderness area in the city. Due to which number of local people come to the campus for

morning as well as evening walk.

Research scholars and Students from Department of Environmental Science, Botany and Zoology, Shivaji University have

carried out seasonal study in rainy, winter and summer season biodiversity of the University campus for generating data and found

some interesting observations. University campus is broadly classified into different sectors depending up on diverse habitats in the

campus like grassland, woodland, gardens, wetlands and open land.

Table No.-1 distribution of habitat wise in the Shivaji University, campus:

Sr. No. Habitat Area Area (Acres)

1 Grassland Large part is covered with grassland 325

2 Woodland Babhul ban plantation at backside of ladies hostel, plantation in front of Humanities

building, plantation by guest house 280

3 Gardens M.B. garden, gardens in front of various departments. 25

4 Wetlands Rajaram tank, Bhasha Bhavan tank, Dramatics and Music dept tank 65

5 Open land 150

The University campus is divided into four major habitats grassland, woodland, garden, and water-bodies. Theses varying

habitats give rise to diverse ecosystems providing nesting and roosting site for birds, mammals, reptiles, insects, butterflies.

Especially this area has become good habitat for the peacocks. Some of the areas act like ecotonal areas. This includes all the three

water bodies on the campus and their surroundings.

Campus is having three tanks. They are Rajaram tank on the other side of old high way, tank near Bhashabhavan and newly

build tank near Dramatics and Music Department. These lakes are enriching the biodiversity. Earlier study of Rajaram tank shows

appearance of variety of fishes in tank. These tanks provide habitats for various birds. Various water birds are observed in the water

bodies. The water bodies are also attracting different migratory birds. Some marshy land is about to develop near the new tank.

University is situated on the hilly region of the Kolhapur city acts as the origin site for various fresh water streams, which

flow through the city. University campus is one of the largest wilderness areas in the city.

Goggle Earth Image, Shivaji University Campus

Habitats

Grassland:

Prior to establishment of university, large part was covered with the grass. Now grassland contributes about 235 acres of

total area. This area provides shelter and food to the number of insects, small birds, reptiles, rodents and mammals. Numbers of

carnivorous animals get their food from the grassland.

Woodland:

Large part is covered with woodland. It covers 280 acres of total area. This also includes the plantation by university.

Woodland nearby Bhashabhavan tank is known as babul ban. Plantation is there at backside of ladies hostel, guesthouse and in

front of humanities building. Behind Shahu research center and education department, there is woodland patch. This woodland

provides nesting and roosting site for variety of biota.

Gardens:

Gardens contribute about 25 acres area. Ornamental gardens are developed in front of building of the university, at various

departments, guesthouse. Variety of butterfly, birds, reptiles, mammals are commonly observed here.

Wetlands:

Campus is having three tanks. They are Rajaram tank on the other side of High way, Bhashabhavan tank and newly built

music and dramatics tank department. These lakes are enriching the biodiversity. The Total land under water is 65 Acres.

Rajaram Tank:

Rajaram tank covers about 56.81 acres area. This tank was constructed in 1923 by Chatrapati Shahu Mahjaraj for the

purpose of irrigation and city water supply. Earlier study of Rajaram tank shows Presence of Variety of fishes in Tank. This tank

provides habitat for various birds. Various water birds are observed in the water bodies. The water bodies are also attracting

various migratory birds.

Language Department tank-:

This tank covers about 4.91 acres area. It was built in 2001 by Shivaji University. This tank has become habitat for various

water birds. It also attracts some of the migratory species. Nearby this tank marshy area is developed, which acts ecotone.

Musical Dramatics Department tank:

This tank is constructed in 2006 by Shivaji University. It covers about 3.45 acres of total area. This Newly developed water

tank is attracting various birds as well as animals. Marshy land is about to develop at this new tank. This tank is developing a rich

diversity in this area.

Sr. No Water-body Area under Water (Acres)

1 Rajaram Tank 56.81

2 Tank behind Language Department 4.91

3 Tank in nearby Dramatics Department 3.45

“The love for all living creatures is the most noble attribute of man”.

-Charles Darwin

Habitats

Grasslands Woodlands

Chancellors coconut garden Main building garden

Wetlands

Pazar Talav Pazar Talav

Language Department tank Music and Dramatics Department tank

Concerns:

During Environmental survey of the university Campus with special reference to biodiversity following potential threats for

biodiversity are observed. Due to lack of identification of biodiversity potential areas as well as lack of planning habitats are getting

destructed.

Traffic:

1. In the Campus area number of people regularly visits to main garden of university for morning as well as evening walk.

2. Some of the visitors go to the remote areas such as catchment of water bodies on the campus. Visitors as well as

university emploee come with their vehicles. Hence, the number of daily visiting vehicles is more.

Due to these vehicles noise and air pollution is taking place. At the evening and night time number of outsider visits to

campus with their vehicles. Hence, lights of the vehicles, horns disturb the biodiversity on the campus.

Number of mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians are injured or killed due to vehicles with fast speed.

Construction Activities:

Unplanned construction activities in the potential biodiversity areas are one of the major threats to the campus biodiversity.

Liquid Waste Disposal:

It is observed that there are inadequate liquid waste disposal facilities. Hence liquid waste from hostel, various departments,

administrative buildings, canteen, etc. is disposed without any treatment, which will create the problem of soil, surface and ground

water pollution.

Solid Waste Dumping:

Solid waste in the form of unwanted papers are routinely burned openly .Other form of solid waste is dumped out openly on

the campus, due to inadequate treatment facilities.

Laboratory Waste:

Laboratory waste like empty chemical bottles, used chemicals, damaged glass are from various departments is dumped out

or burned out in open space, which is a hazardous for the people on the campus as well as the biodiversity.

Cutting and burning of trees and grass:

Tree cutting ,looping ,collection and dead wood ,burning of trees and clear failing for any kind of development activity

without understanding biodiversity is disturbing the habitats.

Grass cutting and burning are the regular practices going on the campus, which are overlooked by the security guards.

Grass burning practices may lead to the major accidents, as there is no fire–line marking. These activities are disturbing the habitats

of different birds, animals and also affecting the food availability for them.

Grazing:

A cattle grazing is observed on the university campus. Grazing activity is routinely takes place in the vicinity of Rajaram

tank.

Rajaram Tank:

Rajaram Tank provides water source. Various human activities like washing of clothes, vehicles, cattle’s, bathing

,immersion of idols and nirmalya in the water body, encroachment in the water bodies are leading to the pollution of water and

disturbing the wildlife of water bodies.

Unawareness among the people:

People are unaware of the biodiversity on the campus area, free access to anybody on the campus lead to the killing of

animals and birds on the campus itself.

About some of the species:

Introduction of ornamental plant species in gardens give beautification but do not enriches the biodiversity. Exotic plants

like Gliricidia , Austrilian Babul are also leading to reduce biodiversity.

Some of the faunal species like Tawny Eagle, Egyptian Vultures who were earlier observed on the campus are not recorded

during this survey. It might be due to increasing developmental activities.

Recommendations:

Water body areas especially Rajaram tank should be marked and protected with fencing to avoid human interference,

encroachment and cattle grazing.

Cutting of trees as well as grass should be carried out with proper planning with minimum disturbance to biodiversity.

Burning of grass should be totally banned

Cracker bursting should be absolutely banned on the university campus.

Fire lines should be marked to avoid the major accidents due to fire.

Waste paper and solid waste burning should be strictly prohibited. It should be supplied with proper treatment.

All the hostels and departments should be provided with proper waste disposal management.

EIA should be carried out for any kind of construction activities to avoid adverse impact on campus biodiversity.

Campus is one of the largest wilderness areas in the city, which have a good potential to maintain the biodiversity. It should

be developed in proper manner.

List of Birds on university campus:

Sr. No. Order family Common name Scientific name

1 Accipitriformes

Accipitridae

Black kite Milvus migrans

Black shouldered kite Elanus caeruleus

Brahminy kite Haliastur Indus

Eurasian marsh harrier Circus aeruginosus

White eyed buzzard Butastur teesa

Shikra Accipiter badius

2

Anseriformes

Anatidae

Bar-headed goose Anser indicus

Common teal Anas crecca

Cotton pigmy goose Nettapus coromandelianus

Eurasian wigeon Mareca penelope

Fulvous whistling duck Dendrocygna bicolor

Garganey Spatula querquedula

Lesser whistling duck Dendrocygna javanica

Northern pintail Anas acuta

Northern shoveler Spatula clypeata

Ruddy shelduck Tadorna ferruginea

Spot billed duck Anas poecilorhyncha

3 Apodiformes

Apodidae

Common swift Apus apus

House swift Apus nipalensis

4 Bucerotiformes

Bucerotidae Indian grey hornbill Ocyceros birostris

Upupidae Common hoopoe Upupa Africana

5 Charadriiformes

Charadriidae

Little ringed plover Charadrius dubius

Red wattled lapwing Vanellus indicus

Jacanidae

Bronze winged jacana Metopidius indicus

Pheasent tailed jacana Hydrophasianus chirurgus

Laridae River tern Sterna aurantia

Recurvirostridae Black wings stilt Himantopus himantopus

Scolopacidae

Common greenshank Tringa nebularia

Marsh sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis

Wood sandpiper Tringa glareola

Common redshank Tringa tetanus

Common sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos

Green sandpiper Tringa ochropus

Turnicidae Barred buttonquail Turnix suscitator

6 Ciconiformes

Ciconiidae

Painted stork Mycteria leucocephala

Woolly necked stork Ciconia episcopus

7 Coraciiformes

Alcedinidae Common kingfisher Alcedo atthis

Alcedinidae White throated kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis

Alcedinidae Pied kingfisher Ceryle rudis

Coraciidae Indian roller Coracias benghalensis

Miropidae Green bee-eater Merops orientalis

8 Columbiformes

Columbidae

Orange breasted green pigeon Treron bicinctus

Laughing dove Spilopelia senegalensis

Rock pigeon Columba livia

Spotted dove Spilopelia chinensis

9 Cuculiformes

Cuculidae

Lesser coucal Centropus bengalensis

Asian koel Eudynamys scolopaceus

Greater coucal Centropus sinensis

10 Gruiformes

Phasianidae

Indian peafowl Pavo cristantus

Grey francolin Francolinus pondicerianus

Painted francolin Francolinus pictus

Ralliidae

Common coot Fulica atra

Western swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio

Common moorhen Gallinula chloropus

White breasted waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus

11 Passeriformes

Acrocephalidae

Paddyfield warbler Acrocephalus agricola

Booted warbler Iduna caligata

Aegithinidae Common iora Aegithina tiphia

Alaudidae Greater short toed lark Calandrella brachydactyla

Alaudidae

Malabar lark G. malabarica

Sykes’s lark Galerida deva

Rufous tailed lark Ammomanes phoenicura

Ashy – crowned sparrw lark Eremopterix griseus

Campephagidae

Scarlet minivet Pericrocotus speciosus

Small minivet Pericrocotus cinnamomeus

Cisticolidae

Ashy prinia Prinia socialis

Common tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius

Jungle prinia Prinia sylvatica

Plain prinia Prinia inornata

Grey breasted prinia Prinia hodgsonii

Corvidae House crow Corvus splendens

Dicruridae

Ashy drongo Dicrurus leucophaeus

Black drongo Dicrurus macrocercus

Dicaeidae Pale-billed flowerpecker Dicaeidae

Estrildidae

Indian silverbill Euodice malabarica

Red avadavat Amandava amandava

Scaly breasted munia Lonchura punctulata

White rumped munia Lonchura striata

Hirundinidae

Barn swallow Hirundo rustica

Dusky crag martin Ptyonoprogne concolor

Wire-tailed swallow Hirundo smithii

Red-rumped swallow Cecropis daurica

Laniidae

Bay backed shrike Lanius vittatus

Long tailed shrike Lanius schach

Rufous tailed shrike Lanius isabellinus

Leiothrichidae

Jungle babbler Arigya striata

Rufous babbler Argya subrufa

Locustellidae Grasshopper warbler Locustella naevia

Muscicapidae

Bluethroat Luscinia svecica

Desert wheatear Oenanthe deserti

Indian robin Copsychus fulicatus

Oriental magpie robin Copsychus saularis

Pied bush chat Saxicola caprata

Red breasted flycatcher Ficedula parva

Motaliccidae

Citrine wagtail Motacilla citreola

Yellow wagtail Motacilla flava

White wagtail Motacilla alba

Paddyfield pipit Anthus rufulus

White browed wagtail Motacilla maderaspatensis

Grey wagtail Motacilla cinerea

Nectariniidae

Purple rumped sunbird Leptocoma zeylonica

Purple sunbird Cinnyris asiaticus

Oriolidae

Black hooked oriole Oriolus xanthornus

Eurasian golden oriole Oriolus oriolus

Passeridae

Passeridae

Chestnut shouldered petronia Gymnoris xanthocollis

House sparrow Passer domesticus

Paridae Great tit Parus major

Phylloscopidae Dusky warbler Phylloscopus fuscatus

Picidae Black rumped flameback Dinopium benghalense

Pisttaculidae Rose ringed parakeet Psittacula krameri

Ploceidae Baya weaver Ploceus philippinus

Pycnonotidae

Red-whiskered bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus

Red-vented bulbul Pycnonotus cafer

Rhipiduridae

White throated fantail Rhipidura albicollis

White browed fantail Rhipidura aureola

Sturnidae

Brahminy starling Sturnia pagodarum

Common myna Acridotheres tristis

Jungle myna Acridotheres fuscus

Sylvia Lesser whitethroat Sylvia curruca

Treskiornithidae Black ibis Pseudibis papillosa

Zosteropidae Oriental white eye Zosterops palpebrosus

12 Pelecaniformes

Ardeidae

Purple heron Ardea purpurea

Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis

Great egret Ardea alba

Little egret

Egretta garzetta

Grey heron Ardea cinerea

Intermediate egret Ardea intermedia

Indian pond heron Ardeola grayii

Threskiornithidae Eurasian spoonbill Platalea leucorodia

13 Piciformes Megalaimidae Coppersmith barbet Psilopogon haemacephalus

Picidae Yellow crowned woodpecker Leiopicus mahrattensis

14 Podicipediformes Podicipedidae Little grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis

15 Suliformes

Phalacrocoracidae

Indian cormorant Phalacrocorax fuscicolis

Little cormorant Microcarbo niger

16 Strigiformes Strigidae Spotted owlet Athene brama

Reptiles list of university campus:

Sr. No. Order Family Common name Scientific name

1 Squamata

Agamidae Garden Lizard Calotis versicolor

Boidae Common sand boa Eryx conicus

Colubridae

Indian Rat Snake Ptyas mucosa

Green Keelback Rhabdophis plumbicolor

Common Trinket Coelognathus helena

Buff Striped Keelback Amphiesma stolatum

Banded Kukri Oligodon arnensis

Checkered Keelback Fowlea piscator

Common Wolf Snake Lycodon capucinus

Vine snake Ahaetulla nasuta

Elapidae Spectacled Cobra Naja naja

Common Krait Bungarus caeruleus

Gekkonidae House Gecko Hemidactylus turcicus

Lacertidae Common Lizard Zootoca vivipara

Scincidae Keeled Indian mabuya Eutropis carinata

Indian three-banded grass skink Eutropis trivittata

Typhlopidae Brahminy worm snake Ramphotyphlops braminus

Uropeltidae Phipsons shield tail Uropeltis phipsonii

Viperidae Russell Viper Daboia russelii

2 Testudines

Trionychidae Asian Gaint Softshell Turtle Pelochelys cantori

Bataguridae Indian black turtle Melanochelys trijuga

List of Amphibians on university campus:

Sr.

No. Order Family Common Name Scientific Name

1 Anura

Bufonidae Asian common toad Duttaphyrynus melanostictus

Dicroglossidae

Indian bullfrog Hoplobatrachus tigerinus

Indian skittering frog Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis

Indian burrowing frog Sphaerotheca breviceps

Long leged cricket frog Zakerana syhadrensis

Ranidae Fungoid Frog Hylarana malabaricus

Hylidae Cricket frog Acris crepitans

Microhylidae

Baloon frog Uperodon globulosus

Marbled Ramanella Ramanella mormorata

Ornate narrow-mouthed frog Microhyla ornate

Red narrow- mouthed frog Microhyla rubra

Rhacophoridae

Bombay bush frog Raorchestes bombayensis

Chunam tree frog Polypedates maculates

2 Gymnophiona Ichthyophiidae Bombay caecilian Ichthyophis bombayensis

List of Butterflies on university campus:

Sr.

No. Order Family Common Name Scientific Name

1. Lepidoptera

Hesperiidae

Common Redeye Matapa aria

Dark Palm Dart Telicota bambusae

Straight Swift Parnara guttata

Lycaenidae

Angled Pierrot Caleta decidia

Common Cerulean Jamides celeno

Common Pierrot Castalius rosimon

Gram Blue Euchrysops cnejus

Grass Jewel Freyeria trochylus

Pale Grass Blue Pseudozizeeria maha

Red Pierrot Talicada nyseus

Nymphalidae

Angled Castor Ariadne ariadne

Baronet Euthalia nais

Bamboo Tree Brown Lethe europa

Blue Tiger Tirumala limniace

Blue Pansy Junonia orithya

Black Rajah Charaxes solon

Common Tree Brown Lethe rohria

Common Sailer Neptis hylas

Common Palmfly Elymnias hypermnestra

Common Leopard Phalanta phalantha

Common Tree Brown Lethe rohria

Common Fourring Ypthima huebneri

Common Fivering Ypthima baldus

Common Evening Brown Melanitis leda

Common Crow Euploea core

Common castor Ariadne merione

Common Bushbrown Mycalesis perseus

Common Baron Euthalia aconthea

Common Banded Awl Caligo martia

Chocolate Pansy Junonia iphita

Common Fourring Ypthima huebneri

Common Fivering Ypthima baldus

Common Evening Brown Melanitis leda

Common Crow Euploea core

Dark Band Bushbrown Mycalesis mineus

Danaid Eggfly Hypolimnas misippus

Dark Evening Brown Melanitis phedima

Great Eggfly Hypolimnas bolina

Glassy Tiger Parantica aglea

Lemon Pansy Junonia lemonias

Mottled Emigrant Pararge aegeria

Plain Tiger Danaus chrysippus

Pee Blue Apatura iris

Peacock Pansy Junonia almanac

Stripped Tiger Danaus genutia

Tawny Coster Acraea terpsicore

Zebra Blue Acraea terpsicore

Papilionidae

Blue Mormon Papilio polymnestor

Common Mormon Papilio polytes

Common Rose Pachliopta aristolochiae

Lime Butterfly Papilio demoleus

Tailed Jay Graphium agamemnon

Pieridae

Small Grass Yellow Eurema brigitta

Psyche Leptosia nina

Common Wanderer Pareronia valeria

Common Jezebel Delias eucharis

Common Grass Yellow Eurema hecabe

Common Gull Cepora nerissa

Common Emigrant Catopsilia pomona

List of trees on university campus:

Sr. No Botanical Name Common Name

1 Araucaria columnaris Chrismtas tree

2 Acacia mangium Australian teak

3 Acacia nilotica subsp. indica Babul

4 Acacia auriculiformis Australian Babhul

5 Acasia catechu Khair

6 Adina cordifolia Kadamb

7 Aegle marmelos Bel

8 Albizia lebbeck Shiras

9 Albizia saman Rain tree

10 Alstonia scolaris Satvin

11 Anacardium occidentale Kaju

12 Annona reticulata Ramfal

13 Annona squamosa Sitafal

14 Anogeissus latifolia Dhavda

15 Areca catechu Supari

16 Artocarpus heterophyllus Fanas

17 Artocarpus incisa Nirphanas

18 Azadirachta indica Neem

19 Bambuseae Bamboo

20 Bauhinia racemosa Apata

21 Bombax ceiba katesavar

22 Bombax ceiba Shalmali

23 Bougainvillea spectabilis Bogan vel

24 Butea monosperma Palas

25 Caesalpinia pulcherrima Shankasur

26 Callistmon Bottle brush

27 Carica papaya Papai

28 Cascabela thevetia /Thevetia peruviana Bitti

29 Casia fistula Bahava

30 Cassia siamia kassod tree

31 Casuarina equisetifolia Suru

32 Ceiba pentandra Cottan

33 Celtis bungeana Hackberry

34 Cinnamomum camphora Camphor tree

35 Citrus aurantium Linn Limbu

36 Cocos nucifera L. Coconut

37 Couroupita guianensis Kailaspathi

38 Cycas revoluta Cycus

39 Dalbergia latifolia Shisav

40 Dalbergia sissoo Sisao

41 Delonix regia Gulmohar

42 Dillenia indica Karambel or Elephant apple

43 Dypsis lutescens Bamboo palm

44 Elaeis guineensis Oil palm

45 Eucalyptus obliqua Nilgiri

46 Ficus benghalensis Vad

47 Ficus elastica Rubber

48 Ficus racemosa Umber

49 Ficus religiosa Pimpal

50 Gliricidia sepium Undirmari

51 Gmelina arborea Shivan

52 Grevillea robusta Silver oak

53 Grewia tiliifolia Dhaman

54 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Jaswand

55 Hyophorbe lagenicaulis Bottle palm

56 Juglanas nigra American walnet

57 khaya senegalensis African Mahogani

58 Lagerstroemia speciosa Jarul

59 Leucaena leucocephala Subabhul

60 Mangifera indica Mango

61 Mangolia pumila Laal chafa

62 Manilkara zapota Chikku

63 Millingtonia hortensis Buchache Zad

64 Mimusops elengi Bakul

65 Mogali eranda Erandmungli

66 Moringa oleifera Shevaga

67 Morus alba Tuti

68 Muntingia calabura Cherry

69 Murraya koenigii Kadipatta

70 Musa acuminata Banana

71 Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Parijatak

72 Parkia biglandulosa Chenduful

73 Peltophorum pterocarpum Peltophorum

74 Phoenix dactylifera Date or khajur

75 Phyllanthus emblica Aawla

76 Pithecellobium dulce Vilayati Chinch

77 Pittiosporum undulatum Australien cheesewood

78 Plumeria alba Chafa

79 Polyalthia longifolia Ashok

80 Pongamia pinnata Karanj

81 Prunus serotina Black cherry

82 Psidium guajava Peru

83 Pyrus Peru Nashpati pear

84 Roystonea regia Royal palm

85 Santalum album Chandan

86 Saraca asoca Sitecha ashoka

87 Senegalia catechu Kat

88 Senna auriculata Tarwad

89 Sesbania bispinosa Shevri

90 Simarouba glauca Lakshmi Taru

91 Spathodea campanulata Pichkari

92 Swietenia macrophylla Mohagani

93 Syzygium cumini Jambhul

94 Tamarindus indica Chinch

95 Tectona grandis Sagwan

96 Terminalia arjuna Arjun

97 Terminalia catappa Badam

98 Vitex negundo Nigadi

99 Ziziphus mauritiana Bor

Indian robin Red-naped ibis

Green bee-eater Red-wattled lapwing

Birds

Spotted dove Great egret

Eurasian skylark Long-tailed shrike

Common Kingfisher Ashy prinia

Brahminy starling Black-shouldered kite

Oriental white-eye Baya weaver

Purple-rumped sunbird Indian pond heron

Red-whiskered bulbul Common kestrel

Peacock Rufous tree pie

Common tiger Common crow

lemon pansy Common pierrot

Butterflies

Common mormon Plain tiger

Glassy tiger Common grass yellow

Tailed jay Chocolate pansy

Danaid eggfly Common bushbrown

Indian wolf snake common vine snake

Russells’s viper Green keelback

Reptiles

Indian coral snake Indian rat snake

Buff striped keelback Spectacled cobra

Brooke’s house gecko Oriental garden lizard

Phipson’s shield tail Common Kukri snake

Trinket snake Rough- scaled sand boa

Checkered keelback Common Krait

Brahminy blind snake Indian black turtle

Indian balloon frog Fungoid frog

Amphibians

Ornate narrow-mouthed frog Indian tree frog

Indian burrowing frog Skittering frog

Asian common toad Fejervarya species

Long Legged Cricket Frog Indian Bull frog

"Nature always wears the colors of the spirit." -Ralph Waldo Emerson

Prepared by

Department of Environmental Science, Shivaji University, Kolhapur

ISBN: 978-93-85190-14-8