shift to the parliamentary system

8/12/2019 Shift to the Parliamentary System

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Shift to the Parliamentary System

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Foreigner: Pinoy Inability to Improve is due to Escapism The Philippines is run like a Mafia Netork Tacloban Tragedy: ! Pai"ake#up $all !ng %agupit ng &agyong 'olanda The $oming Fall of the (Noynoy Pro)ect* The Parable of the Moun

&ike +, -overnment ,hutdon: The Presidential ,ystem ,ucks Infographic: ,olutions to the .oot $auses of the Pork &arrel

N/poles 0 Pork &arrel: It1s the Lousy ,ystem 2345 $onstitution 6icks FedE7 8ut &enign9 is )ust as clueless as (&enigno*

Polls aren1t )ust for Metro Manila: "hy Federalism Nancy &inay ; ,hould the Philipp

Turn Parliamentary $hicken or the Egg: $ulture $hange or ,ystem $hange Lynching Laurel $onstitutional $ha

No ! Tale of To $ountries Making the economic comeback ? higher private F C,ensya na po= ,irD1 Let1s Talk &asketball ; by F

$antos ,en Enrile ,olidly ,upports Parliamentarism $rucifying $ru The $o..E$TG Three Point !gendaParliamentary ,ystem: "ould it produce better leaders Problems of Presidentialism 0 the +, E7ception ! -ood $onstitu

Must .educe the Impact of a &ad Leader ,en $laro M .ecto on the Presidential ,ystem Philippine Progress: ,hift in ,ports= ,in ,ystem E7posing Esposo A Filipinos: ! Football Legend 0 ! ,panish Prime Minister The Parliamentary ,ystem Fits

Philippines ,en Pangilinan 0 the Parliamentary ,ystem

Platforms & Competence: True leadership, not popularity politics.

The current Presidential System as defined in the 1987 Constitution is unfortunately a veryunwieldy systemwhose electexercises have often turned out to be nationwide popularity contests. orse! the current Philippine Presidential Systeinherent features have been found to be the cause of a lot of political instability as found in the research of numerous schosuch as #r. $u%o &asuya '(Presidential )andwa*on+ Parties , Party Systems in the Phlippines(- and #r. Clarita Carlos #ennis alata '(#emocratic #eficits in the Philippines+ hat is to be done/(-.

Instead of alloing for a competent leader to easily emerge on top of the governme

hierarchy= the current Presidential ,ystem in the Philippines features a personality#based popularity contest= often causing candidates

little real track#record or competence to emerge victorious

,o much international research points to the superiority of the Parliamentary ,ystem of government hen compared against the Presiden

,ystem 8n practically all indices= be it -


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This e7plains hy leadership uality in Parliamentary ,ystems is superior to the uality of leaders in Presidential ,ystems

!s it turns out= ithin the different political parties= party members ill compete against each other on the basis of their individ

competence= leadership abilities= and track record= causing some of the best= most competent= and most seasoned party members to emergthe top ranks as members of the front bench @poised to become $abinet MinistersB and the best of them all to emerge as the leader of

party= poised to become the Prime Minister in the event that the party ins a parliamentary ma)ority The electoral contest= on the other h

becomes a contest beteen parties


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A Parliamentary System for the Philippines: Oversold and Underwhelming

Parliamentary systems are a sophisticated form of democracy

!s if there ere not enough pointless diversions in the apparently endless impeachment trial and an airport bral among a bunch of entidouchebags= it ould seem that e1ve been given one more thing to distract us all from actual important issues this eek ith an une7pe

rise in the noise level coming from the pro#Parliamentary advocacy= ho are apparently claiming to have convertedformer $ongressmen

no respected political commentator Teddy Locsin= Kr to their cause

I don1t kno Mr Locsin personally= but he seems like a smart guy I find his commentaries intelligent and thought#provoking regardleshether or not I agree ith them= and hen he as in $ongress= he as one of the fe legislators ho I thought handled himself lik

professional In other ords= he doesn1t strike me as the sort ho ould dra a conclusion about a significant concept solely on the basi

the prattling of an advocacy group that is the political euivalent of those annoying middle#aged omen in the mall ho hand out brochu

for crappy= inconveniently#located subdivisions

That ould be the same advocacy group hose seminal argument in favor of adopting a Parliamentary form of government in the Philipp

goes something like this:

Filipinos like basketball &ut Filipinos are short= so basketball doesn1t suit them Filipinos also like the Presidential ,ystem= but

obviously doesn1t suit them= either


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!ll of this may be academic= of course the Philippines under the current regime seems to have a hard enough time shoing up for a regday1s ork that hoping it can tackle a significant change in the ay it does business seems pretty unrealistic !s does the prospec

changing the status uo= so long as the initiative to do so is left in the hands of advocates hose concept of substantial action is using c

lock and lots of e7clamation points

http:??eatheronneptuneordpresscom?A92A?9?29?a#parliamentary#system#for#the#philippines#oversold#and#underhelming?

! parliamentary systemis a system of democratic governance of a state in hich the e7ecutive branchderives its democratic legitim

from= and is held accountable to= the legislature @parliamentB the e7ecutive and legislative branches are thus interconnected Iparliamentary system= the head of state is normally a different person from the head of government This is in contrast to apreside

systemin a democracy= here the head of state often is also the head of government= and most importantly: the e7ecutive branch does

derive its democratic legitimacy from the legislature

$ountries ith parliamentary systems may be constitutional monarchies= here amonarchis the ceremonial head of state hile the hea

government is almost alays a member of the legislature @such as +nited 6ingdom= ,edenand KapanB= orparliamentary republics=hemostly ceremonial president is the head of state hile the head of government is regularly from the legislature @such as Ireland= -erm

Pakistan=Indiaand ItalyB In a fe parliamentary republics= such as ,outh !fricaand&otsana= the head of government is also head of s

but is elected by and is anserable to the legislature

History

The modern concept of prime ministerial government originated ith the 6ingdom of -reat &ritain @2595;2499Band its contemporary

Parliamentary ,ystem in ,eden @25A2;255AB

In 252= Prince Elector -eorge Ludig of %anover=-ermany= acceded to the throne of -reat &ritain after his cousin Oueen !nnedied

no heirs of her body !s 6ing -eorge Ihe chaired the cabinet and chose ministers of the government hoever= he initially spoke no EnglThis shifted the balance of poer toards the leading minister= or first minister= ho de factochaired the cabinet


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Implementations of the parliamentary system can also differ on the manner of ho the prime minister and government are appointed and ahether the government needs the e7plicit approval of the parliament= rather than )ust the absence of its disapproval ,ome countries as I

also reuire the prime minister to be a member of the legislature= though in other countries this only e7ists as a convention

By appointment by the head of state, without reference to parliament / While in ractice most rime ministers unthe Westminster system$including (ustralia, Canada, New 'ealand, &ndiaand the United Kingdom% are the leaderthe largest arty in arliament, technically the aointment of the rime minister is a royal rerogati!e e0ercised "y monarch or the go!ernor*general. No arliamentary !ote ta1es lace on who is forming a go!ernment, "ut siarliament can immediately defeat the go!ernment with a motion of no confidence, the head of state is limitedcon!ention to choosing a candidate who can command the confidence of arliament and has little or no influence in decision.

Appointment by the head of state afterparliament nominatesa candidate:+0amle/ The)eu"lic of &relandwhthe President of &relandaoints the Taoiseachon the nomination of the 23il 4ireann.

The head of state nominatesa candidate for prime minister who is then submitted to parliament for appro

before appointment as prime minister: +0amle/ #ain, where the King sends a nomination to arliamentaro!al. (lso ermanywhere under the erman Basic Law $constitution% the Bundestag !otes on a candidnominated "y the federal resident. &n these cases, arliament can choose another candidate who then wouldaointed "y the head of state.

The head of state appoints a prime minister who has a set timescale within which s/he must gain a vote

confidence:$+0amle/ &taly, Thailand%

The head of state appoints the leader of the largest or second-largest political party in the Parliament as Pr

Minister:$+0amle/ reece%

irect election by parliament: $+0amle/ 5aan, Paua New uinea, Pa1istan. &n #weden, the Prime -inisteaointed "y the #ea1er of the )i1sdag.%

irect election by popular vote: $+0amle/ &srael,67789:;;6, where the rime minister was elected in a genelection, with no regard to olitical affiliation.%

Furthermore= there are variations as to hat conditions e7ist @if anyB for the government to have the right to dissolve the parliament

&n some countries li1e 2enmar1,-alaysia,(ustraliaand New 'ealand,the rime minister has the de facto ower to an election at will. This was also the case in the United Kingdomuntil the assage of the


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the ma)ority party or coalition of parties in the legislatureB has a ma)ority of the votes= enabling them to pass legislation In a presidensystem= the e7ecutive is often chosen independently from the legislature If the e7ecutive and the ma)ority of the legislature are from diffe

political parties= then stalemate can occur Thus the e7ecutive might not be able to implement their legislative proposals !n e7ecutive in

system @be it parliamentary= presidential or semi#presidentialB is chiefly voted into office on the basis of his or her partys platform?manife

and the same is also true of the legislative branch

In addition to uicker legislative action= Parliamentarianism has attractive features for nations that are ethnically= racially=or ideologic

divided In a presidential system= all e7ecutive poer is vested in one person: the president In a parliamentary system= ith a colle

e7ecutive= poer is more divided In the 2343LebaneseTaif !greement= in order to giveMuslimsgreater political poer= Lebanon mo

from a semi#presidential systemith a strong president to a system more structurally similar to classical parliamentarianism Irasimildisdained a presidential system out of fears that such a system ould be tantamount to ,hiitedomination !fghanistans minorities refuse

go along ith a presidency as strong as the PashtunsdesiredQcitation neededR

It can also be argued that poer is more evenly spread out in the poer structure of parliamentarianism Qcitation neededRThe prime ministe

seldom as important as a ruling president= and there tends to be a higher focus on voting for a party and its political ideas than voting fo

actual personQcitation neededR

In his 245 bookThe English Constitution= "alter &agehotpraised parliamentarianism for producing serious debates= for alloing chang

poer ithout an election= and for alloing elections at any timeQcitation neededR&agehot considered the four#year election rule of the +n

,tates to be unnaturalQcitation neededR

,ome scholars like Kuan Lin= Fred .iggs= &ruce !ckerman=and .obert


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In the Parliamentary form of government= the Parliament is supreme= and the governments= comprised of some members of the Parliamentare accountable to it ,ome of the best e7amples of Parliamentary government are the governments in &ritain= India= !ustralia and $anada

Features of Parliamentary Government

1. Nominal or Titular Head:

In a Parliamentary form of government= there to heads= namely= nominal and real The nominal head is one ho= though head of the statenot head of government %is poers are more apparent than real %e may be hereditary or elected

The &ritish Oueen is not elected ,he got the throne on the heredity &ut the President of India ho is also a nominal head has been elParliamentary#government the real poers are e7ercised by a $ouncil of Ministers by a Prime Minister

2. olle!tive "esponsi#ility and $ndividual "esponsi#ility:

The $ Ministers is collectively responsible to the loer house of the legislature It policy decisions collectively and it collectively goes ou

office hen it loses thee of the loer house of the legislature ! minister may e7press his disagreement policy hen it is discussed in the

cabinet meeting= but he has to defend and support the cabinet takes the decision ! minister is also individually responsible to the P for the

acts of omission and commission of his department

%. Politi!al Homo&eneity:

The ministers= normally being members of political party= share the same ideology and approach Even hen there is a c government= theministers are committed to a common minimum programme & single party government and a coalition government= there is a fair amoun

h and cooperation among the ministers %oever= a single party government is homogeneous than a multy#party coalition government=

'. Harmony #et(een )*e!utive and +e&islature:

In a Parliamentary government the ministers are dran from the legislature !s ministers= they are part of the e7ecutive They also remain

members of the legislature Thus the dual identity of ministers con to a harmonious relationship beteen the e7ecutive and the legislature

,. "i&idity of Party -is!ipline:

In a Parliamentary government= the party discipline is rigid The members of a political party hether in poer or in opposition are reuir

to defend and support the stand of their party on any issue both in the legislature and outside

. +eadership of the Prime /inister:

The Prime Minister is the leader of the $ of Ministers 8n his advice= the ministers are appointed and dropped They stay in during his

pleasure %e presides over the meetings of the cabinet %e e7ercises preponderant influence in domestic policy as ell as foreign policy

%e is more poerful and important than any other member of the cabinet It has been rightly observed that Uhe @Prime Mi is central to its

@ministrysB birth= central to its life and central to its deathU

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