shelter: learning from vernacular · © tom schacher 2011 … creating new villages where the idps...
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Construction Course SHA Gwatt, 25 August 2011 By Tom Schacher
Shelter: Learning from vernacular ?
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The urban context
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Where to put the shelters …
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…when there is no free space ?
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On the site of the original house ?
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Build multi-family shelters ?
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Or let people create makeshift camps …
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… in public spaces or private gardens ?
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Or kick them all out of town …
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… creating new villages where the IDPs don't disturb ?
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… thanks to the colours inspired by tradition ?
... and where people will feel at home …
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Rural context
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There is more space …
… and you can do whatever you want (???).
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Tarp shelters…
…built 1 year after the quake…
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…on riveted steel structures
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Plywood boxes
(Plywood not water resistant)
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Cyclone resistant timber structures …
…left unfinished
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Well ventilated shelters not ideal for cyclones
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Imported prefab shelters …
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(occupying the plot needed for reconstruction?)
… but locally assembled…
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… and adapted to local traditions
Glass door
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… and adapted to local traditions
Veranda
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Making use of local and salvaged materials …
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… adapted to the climate …
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… and local tradition ...
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… and taste
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A good shelter programme may lead to real houses
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But one needs to know about local culture
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Use the internet
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Take some time to look around…
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… and learn how people live and what they need.
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Ask questions BEFORE you give answers
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© HAITIAN WISDOM FOR AID BUILDINGSPatti Stouter, Landscape Architect
How are houses organised ?
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© HAITIAN WISDOM FOR AID BUILDINGSPatti Stouter, Landscape Architect
What are the important architectural elements ?
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© HAITIAN WISDOM FOR AID BUILDINGSPatti Stouter, Landscape Architect
How do houses grow over time
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© HAITIAN WISDOM FOR AID BUILDINGSPatti Stouter, Landscape Architect
How do people cope with climate ?
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Gingerbread:timber structure with brick infills
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Old urban timber house
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Old urban timber and stone house
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Typical rural house
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Inside a rural house
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Porticos are important elements in hot climates
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Porticos are important elements in hot climates
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Portico in a rural house (but not cyclone proof)
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Door to storage space
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Portico and storage space under the roof
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Lateral addition to the house
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The importance of the yard
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Minimum standard for the poorest ?
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Traditional shelter built by the people themselves
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Rural wattle house
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Rural wattle and daub house
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Wattle and daub shelter by HI
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Different types of plastering according to the wishes of the client
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Cement plaster on wattle
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Tin roofs insulated with reeds
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Same roof over room and verandais not hurricane proof
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http://www.misereor.org/fileadmin/redaktion/Wattledaub%20handbook%20anti-seismic%20construction.pdf
The German word Wand comesfrom winden, i.e. wattle and daub
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Rural timber post house with stone infills
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The traditional way: poles in the ground and no bracings
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Introducing a plinth to get timber away from humidity
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Finished house for 1000 usd (that's what they say)
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Finished house
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Cyclone appropriate veranda roof (can fly away)
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Showing different ways of mud plastering
Ventilation
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People loved the mud block pattern !
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Dhajji
Pombalino reconstruction of Lisbon in 1755
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Dhajji
Traditional EQ-resistant dhajji construction in Kashmir
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DhajjiDhajji reconstruction in Pakistan 2006
Pakistan manual has been usedby various organisations in Haiti
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Modern timber frame with brick infill construction in Sumatra !
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Modern timber frame with brick infill construction in Sumatra !
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Shelters inspired by local tradition…
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… but modified…
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(interior of the same house)
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Luckily Haitians have a good sense of colour !
Shelters don't have to be so stupid !
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