Cu

rren

t res

ea

rch

ac

tivitie

s a

t

HA

MK

Sh

ee

t Me

tal D

ev

elo

pm

en

t Ce

ntre

w w

w . h

a m

k . f i

La

ssi M

artik

ain

en

R

ese

arc

h M

an

ag

er

He

ad

of S

MD

C

Me

tNe

t Wo

rksh

op

Hä

me

en

linna

, 2n

dF

eb

rua

ry 2

01

1

Co

nte

nt o

f pre

se

nta

tion

:

-re

se

arc

h a

rea

s

-fa

cilitie

s a

nd

eq

uip

me

nt

-cu

rren

t rese

arc

h p

roje

cts

Sh

ee

t Me

tal D

ev

elo

pm

en

t Ce

ntre

Pro

vid

es re

se

arc

h, p

rod

uct d

eve

lop

me

nt, e

du

ca

tion

an

d te

ch

no

log

y tra

nsfe

r

se

rvic

es to

Fin

nis

h s

he

et m

eta

l ind

ustry

in o

rde

r to im

pro

ve

the

co

mp

etitiv

en

ess o

f pro

du

cts

an

d p

rod

uctio

n.

Th

efo

cu

sa

rea

sa

re:

Co

il co

atin

gs

an

d lo

ng

te

rm d

ura

bility

2

w w

w . h

a m

k . f i / o

hu

tlevykesku

s

term

du

rab

ility

•develo

pm

ent o

f meta

llic a

nd

org

anic

coil c

oatin

gs

•develo

pm

ent o

f testin

g m

eth

ods

•corro

sio

n a

nd w

eath

erin

g te

stin

g

•consultin

g re

late

d to

long te

rm

dura

bility

Co

ld-fo

rme

d th

in-

wa

lled

ste

el s

truc

ture

s

•stru

ctu

ral te

stin

g

•analy

sis

of lo

ad-b

earin

g

stru

ctu

res

•consultin

g re

late

d to

pra

ctic

al

desig

n w

ork

Sh

ee

t me

tal fo

rmin

g

an

d jo

inin

g

•stra

in a

naly

sis

(AR

AM

IS,

AR

GU

S, A

SA

ME

)

•fo

rmability

testin

g (F

LC

, LD

R,

Eric

hssen te

st)

•num

eric

al a

naly

sis

of fo

rmin

g

pro

cesses

•em

brittle

ment, fric

tion a

nd

sprin

gback te

sts

•jo

inin

g o

f sheet m

eta

l

Sh

ee

t me

tal fo

rmin

g a

nd

join

ing

•S

train

me

asu

rem

en

ts

•F

orm

ab

ility o

f sh

ee

t me

tals

•E

mb

rittlem

en

t, sp

ring

ba

ck a

nd

frictio

n

testin

g

•Te

sts

rela

ted

to re

sis

tan

ce

we

ldin

g

w w

w . h

a m

k . f i

•Te

sts

rela

ted

to re

sis

tan

ce

we

ldin

g

Stra

in m

ea

su

rem

en

t du

ring

de

form

atio

n

pro

ce

ss

–G

OM

Ara

mis

5M

•O

ptic

al 3

D-d

efo

rma

tion

me

asu

ring

syste

m

•R

eco

gn

ize

s s

urfa

ce

stru

ctu

re o

f the

me

asu

ring

o

bje

ct in

dig

ital im

ag

es a

nd

allo

ca

tes c

oo

rdin

ate

s

to th

e im

ag

e p

ixe

ls

•T

he

first im

ag

e re

pre

se

nts

the

un

de

form

ed

sta

te

•F

ram

e ra

te u

p to

25

ima

ge

s/s

ec

•D

efo

rma

tion

s c

an

be

me

asu

red

in a

ran

ge

of

4

w w

w . h

a m

k . f i / o

hu

tlevykesku

s

0.0

1 %

up

to a

pp

. 50

0%

•M

ate

rial te

stin

g, F

LC

(form

ing

limit c

urv

e),

ve

rifica

tion o

f FE

-mo

de

ls, e

xa

min

atio

n o

f no

n-

line

ar b

eh

avio

ur

Stra

in m

ea

su

rem

en

ts o

f de

form

ate

d s

he

et

me

tal p

arts

–G

OM

Arg

us

or A

SA

ME

•O

ptic

al s

yste

ms fo

r me

asu

rem

en

t an

d

an

aly

sis

of s

urfa

ce

stra

ins in

form

ed

sh

ee

t me

tal p

arts

•M

ea

su

rem

en

t from

grid

(#0

.5..#

2m

m)

or s

toch

astic

pa

ttern

.

•M

ea

su

res a

nd

ca

lcu

late

s th

e s

urfa

ce

5

w w

w . h

a m

k . f i / o

hu

tlevykesku

s

ma

jor s

train

s, th

e d

irectio

ns o

f stra

ins,

the

effe

ctiv

e s

train

an

d th

ickn

ess

ch

an

ge

s.

De

term

ina

tion

of F

orm

ing

Lim

it Cu

rve

s (F

LC

)

•F

orm

ab

ility o

f sh

ee

t me

tal c

an

ge

ne

rally

illustra

ted

form

ing

limit c

urv

es (F

LC

)

•D

iag

ram

s a

re u

tilize

d w

he

n a

na

lysin

g

ma

nu

factu

rab

ility o

f sh

ee

t me

tal p

rod

ucts

,

an

d v

erify

ing

nu

me

rica

l an

aly

se

s

•A

cco

rdin

g to

sta

nd

ard

EN

ISO

12

00

4-2

:20

08

w

ith th

e N

aka

zim

a m

eth

od

, usin

g fo

rme

d c

up

-

6

w w

w . h

a m

k . f i / o

hu

tlevykesku

s

with

the

Na

ka

zim

a m

eth

od

, usin

g fo

rme

d c

up

-

like

test s

am

ple

s

Plane strain

Major strain �1

�1

= -�

2�

1=

-2�

2�

2=

0�

1=

�2

�3

= 0

�3

< 0

(thic

kness

decre

ases)

�3

> 0

’deep

draw

ing

'’stretch

ing

'

Fo

rmin

g L

imit D

iag

ram

7

w w

w . h

a m

k . f i / o

hu

tlevykesku

s

d0

a

b

Plane strain

-+

0

Min

or s

train

�2

Major strain

(thic

kness

incre

ases)

Major strain �1

�1

= -�

2�

1=

-2�

2�

2=

0�

1=

�2

�3

= 0

FLC

’FA

ILU

RE

’

Fo

rmin

g L

imit C

urv

e (F

LC

)

8

w w

w . h

a m

k . f i / o

hu

tlevykesku

s

-+

0

Min

or s

train

�2

Major strain ’S

AF

E’

Fo

rma

bility

, frictio

n a

nd

sp

ring

ba

ck

tes

ting

Fo

rma

bility

tests

•E

rich

se

n te

st

•D

raw

ing

limit ra

tio (D

LR

)

•C

up

dra

win

g te

st

•H

ole

exp

an

sio

n

9

w w

w . h

a m

k . f i / o

hu

tlevykesku

s

Be

nd

ing

un

de

r ten

sio

n (B

UT

) tests

Sp

ring

ba

ck te

stin

g

Em

britte

lem

en

t tes

ting

•S

eco

nd

ary

Wo

rkin

g E

mb

rittlem

en

t (SW

E)

-Inte

rstitia

l-Fre

e (IF

) ste

els

-tem

pe

ratu

re lo

w to

-80

��

The a

bsence o

f solu

te in

ters

titial e

lem

ents

in in

ters

titial-fre

e (IF

) ultra

-low

carb

on s

teel le

ads to

sensitiv

ity to

SW

E). T

he b

rittle fra

ctu

re m

ay o

ccur

at lo

w te

mpera

ture

durin

g s

econdary

defo

rmatio

n s

uch a

s d

urin

g im

pact

10

w w

w . h

a m

k . f i / o

hu

tlevykesku

s

loadin

g, p

rogre

ssiv

e fo

rmin

g a

nd trim

min

g o

pera

tion o

f dra

wn p

arts

.

•H

yd

rog

en

ind

uce

d b

rittle fra

ctu

re

(HIB

)

-AH

SS

for a

uto

mo

tive

ap

plic

atio

ns

-free

do

m o

f cra

cks a

fter 9

6 h

Hydro

gen e

mbrittle

ment is

the p

rocess in

whic

h m

eta

l

becom

e b

ritte a

nd fra

ctu

re fo

llow

ing e

xposure

to

hydro

gen. H

IB is

ofte

n th

e re

sult o

f unin

tentio

nal

intro

ductio

n o

f hydro

gen in

to s

usceptib

le m

eta

ls d

urin

g

form

ing o

r finis

hin

g o

pera

tions.

•W

eld

ab

ility ra

ng

e (E

N IS

O 1

43

27

:20

04

)

Te

stin

g re

late

d to

res

ista

nc

e w

eld

ing

11

w w

w . h

a m

k . f i / o

hu

tlevykesku

s

•E

va

lua

tion

of th

e life

time

of

sp

ot w

eld

ing

ele

ctro

de

s (E

N IS

O 8

16

6)

n =

0n

= 2

00

0

Co

il co

atin

gs

an

d lo

ng

term

du

rab

ility

•O

utd

oo

r testin

g

•W

ea

the

ring

testin

g in

lab

ora

tory

•E

xa

mp

les o

f rece

nt re

se

arc

h p

roje

cts

w w

w . h

a m

k . f i

Weath

erin

g te

stin

g in

lab

ora

tory

•C

orro

sio

nch

am

bers

(3 c

ham

pers

)P

rovid

es la

bora

tory

sim

ula

tion o

f natu

ral c

orro

sio

n. S

pecim

ens a

re

expose

d to

a s

erie

s o

f diffe

rent fu

nctio

ns (fo

g, d

ry a

nd h

um

idity

) in a

re

petitiv

e c

ycle

that re

pro

duces c

yclic

outd

oor c

onditio

ns.

•U

V-c

ab

inets

(3 c

ab

inets

)U

ltravio

let lig

ht c

auses a

lmost a

ll the p

hoto

de

gra

datio

nto

mate

rials

expose

d o

utd

oors

. UV

-teste

r repro

duces o

nly

the U

V p

ortio

n o

f the

spectru

m, U

VA

-340 la

mp is

the b

est a

vaila

ble

sim

ula

tion o

f short-w

ave

sunlig

ht. It is

especia

lly u

sefu

l for c

om

parin

g th

e p

erfo

rmance o

f diffe

rent

types o

f poly

mers

and s

tabiliz

ers

. All U

V-c

abin

ets

have a

lso m

ois

ture

sim

ula

tion. A

QU

V/s

pra

y c

an s

imula

te th

e e

ffects

of ra

in, s

uch a

s th

erm

al

shock a

nd e

rosio

n.

•C

on

den

satio

n c

ab

inets

(3)

13

w w

w . h

a m

k . f i / o

hu

tlevykesku

s

QC

T-c

abin

et a

pplie

s c

ontro

lled w

arm

conde

nsatio

n to

the te

st s

urfa

ce. In

a

QC

T, w

etn

ess c

an b

e a

n in

vis

ible

dew

or a

contin

uo

us, h

igh-te

mpera

ture

ru

nnin

g c

onde

nsate

. It can a

lso b

e p

rogra

mm

ed fo

r cyclic

dry

-off to

relie

ve

the o

sm

otic

pre

ssure

. The Q

CT

accele

rate

s m

ois

ture

atta

ck b

y in

cre

asin

g

the c

onde

nsatio

n te

mpera

ture

. It is e

specia

lly u

sefu

l for c

onductin

g fa

st,

yet re

alis

tic, b

liste

r tests

.

•C

limatic

test c

ham

ber (1

)T

he b

eha

vio

r of v

ario

us m

ate

rials

in ra

pid

ly c

hangin

g c

onditio

ns c

an b

e

stu

die

d w

ith th

e c

limatic

test c

ham

ber. T

he c

hange

s in

the te

mpera

ture

and th

e h

um

idity

of th

e c

limatic

cham

ber c

an b

e c

ycle

d a

ccord

ing to

test

specific

atio

ns, te

mpera

ture

range is

betw

ee

n -8

0 +

100 °C

and th

e re

lativ

e

hum

idity

of a

ir betw

ee

n 1

0 -

95 %

.

•F

reezers

(2) a

nd

ag

ing

oven

s (2

)In

additio

n to

clim

atic

test c

ham

ber, c

old

tests

can b

e p

erfo

rmed in

a d

eep

chille

r or in

a fre

ezer. In

tem

pera

ture

cabin

ets

mate

rials

can b

e a

ged in

tem

pera

ture

s u

p to

250 °C

.

SC

AB

= S

imu

late

d C

orro

siv

e A

tmo

sp

he

ric

Bre

akd

ow

n

Ou

tdo

or te

sts

with

extra

co

rrosio

n e

ffect

co

rrosio

n re

su

lts o

bta

ine

d fa

ste

r tha

n w

ith

no

rma

l ou

tdo

or te

stin

g.

Sa

mp

les a

re s

pra

ye

d tw

ice

a w

ee

k w

ith

Ou

tdo

or

Te

stin

g–

SC

AB

14

w w

w . h

a m

k . f i / o

hu

tlevykesku

s

30

g/l N

aC

l so

lutio

n to

faste

n th

e

co

rrosio

n.

Co

rrosio

nre

sis

tance

of

zin

cco

ate

dscre

ws

used

inste

el

roo

fsa

rete

ste

dto

find

ou

tif

the

scre

ws

suita

ble

for

co

rrosiv

eco

nd

itions

C3

or

hig

he

r.

-co

rrosio

nre

sis

tan

ce

will

be

teste

db

ya

pro

he

sio

nte

st

-scre

ws

are

drille

dto

racks

whic

hsim

ula

tero

ofs

with

diffe

ren

tslo

pe

sa

nd

ma

teria

ls-

UV

-resis

tan

ce

of

org

anic

coa

tings

and

se

ala

nts

will

be

teste

d

Co

rros

ion

res

ista

nc

eo

f sc

rew

s

15

w w

w . h

a m

k . f i / o

hu

tlevykesku

s

teste

d

Go

od

co

rrosio

nre

sis

tan

ce

can

be

achie

ved

by

asuita

ble

co

mb

inatio

no

fzin

cco

atin

ga

nd

pa

intin

g.

•T

wo

sid

ed

zin

cco

atin

g:

the

influ

en

ce

of

zin

ccoa

ting

thic

kn

ess

on

the

hu

mid

ityre

sis

tance

of

ba

ckin

gco

ato

fco

ilco

atin

gs

•T

he

influ

ence

of

pH

on

the

co

rrosio

no

fZ

nM

gA

lco

ate

dste

el

Cu

rren

t res

ea

rch

ac

tivitie

s re

late

d to

m

eta

llic a

nd

org

an

ic c

oa

ting

s

16

w w

w . h

a m

k . f i / o

hu

tlevykesku

s

•D

evelo

pm

en

to

fa

scra

tch

an

da

bra

sio

nte

ste

r

•R

oun

dro

bin

testin

gb

etw

ee

nla

bo

rato

ries

wh

om

ake

co

rrosio

nan

dw

ea

therin

gte

stin

g.

Th

eaim

of

the

com

pa

riso

nte

sts

isto

imp

rove

the

un

iform

ityo

fte

stre

su

ltsb

etw

ee

nla

bo

rato

ries.

Co

ld-fo

rme

d th

in-w

alle

d s

tee

l

stru

ctu

res

•E

xp

erim

en

tal re

se

arc

h a

nd

testin

g

•R

ese

arc

h o

f co

ld-fo

rme

d s

tee

l stru

ctu

res

•R

ece

nt p

roje

cts

w w

w . h

a m

k . f i

Lo

ad

ing

Fra

me

•S

yste

m is

su

itab

le fo

r sta

tica

nd

dyn

am

ic(fa

tiqu

e)

loa

din

gs

•C

ylin

de

rs a

re o

f the

late

st te

ch

no

log

y u

se

d e

.g. in

au

tom

otiv

e in

du

stry

2 x

25

0 k

N+

1 x

25

kN

•P

ositio

n o

f the

cylin

de

rs c

an

be

ch

an

ge

d

18

w w

w . h

a m

k . f i / o

hu

tlevykesku

s

•P

ositio

n o

f the

cylin

de

rs c

an

be

ch

an

ge

d

co

ntin

uo

usly

from

ve

rtica

l to h

oriz

on

tal

•C

om

pu

ter c

on

trolle

d: lo

ad

ing

an

d d

isp

lace

me

nt

sp

ee

do

f the

cylin

de

rca

nb

ep

re-p

rog

ram

me

d a

nd

ad

juste

db

ase

do

n th

e m

ea

su

red

va

lue

s

•In

ad

ditio

nto

the

ne

w s

yste

m, th

e o

lde

r syste

m

with

mu

ltiple

cylin

de

rs c

an

still b

e u

se

d, if

ne

ce

ssa

ry

Te

stin

g o

f co

ld-fo

rme

d s

tee

l stru

ctu

res

•S

tiffne

ss a

nd

resis

tan

ce

of lo

ad

-

be

arin

g m

em

be

rs a

nd

sh

ee

ting

–B

endin

g a

nd s

hear re

sis

tance

–S

upport re

actio

n re

sis

tance

•Jo

ints

an

d c

on

ne

ctio

ns th

in-w

alle

d

me

mb

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