sharing, user entrepreneurship and its organization
TRANSCRIPT
SHARING, USER ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ITS ORGANIZATION
1Wageningen University, Netherlands; 2University of Palermo, Italy
August 10th, 2015
Dr. Domenico Dentoni1, Dr. Stefano Pascucci1, Dr. Giuseppina Migliore2
Sharing and its “frugal dimension”
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Sharing economy…Ex.: Airbnb; Uber; Linux. Joint ownership OR joint
access to goods & services
…And its “frugal dimension”: Prosumption Social production Commons-based peer
production Community-based peer
production
“Growing your food is like printing your own money” (Finley, guerrilla gardener in South LA, 2013, TED talk)
Nature of shared goods/services
Non-exclusive
Exclusive
Non-Rival Public Goods
Club Goods
Rival Commercial Sharing
Private Good Sharing
Lamberton & Rose (2012)
Two broad research questions
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1.How does sharing consumers’ behavior contribute to value creation in their organizations?
2.How do organizations stimulate their sharing consumers to contribute to value creation?
Social and/or economic value creation in sharing organizations
Consumer = participant behavior
in sharing organizations
Organizational mechanisms of
sharing
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Implications
Inductive method: cases, samples, data
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DATA THEORYParticipation & interviews on sharing consumers’ behavior from 7 cases of “Solidarity purchasing groups” (SPGs), Italy (2010-2013) Sharing (Belk 2010;
Lamberson & Rose 2012) and its “frugal dimension”.Replication of interviews from
similar 16 cases in Spain (grupos de consumo and community gardens) and 9 similar cases in Netherlands (Comm. Supported Agriculture) (2013-2014).
Secondary data and follow up interviews on organizational mechanisms and consumers’ behaviors across cases (2013-2014).
Entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial behaviors (Shane 2010; Bird et al. 2012); bricolage.
Organizational mechanisms governing the sharing processes (Grandori and Furnari 2008; Grandori and Prencipe 2013)
• Data-theory iteration• Purposive case/sample
selection(Eisenhardt 1989; Suddaby 2006; Yin 2014).
Findings (I): User Entrepreneurship
User Entrepreneurship (or Entr. In Consumption): The process of innovatively recombining
resources to seek or create opportunities that generate user (rather than exchange) value.
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Participants pursue novel opportunities for value creation
Definition takes into account: entrepreneurship (Shane 2010); in everyday life context (Steyaert and Hjorth 2004); accidental entrepreneurship (Shah and Tripsas 2007); user value in management (Bowman & Ambrosini 2000; Priem 2007)
Participants recombine resources through sharing them with others
WHAT participants do:
Procure food Organize storage & distribution Organize finance Organize knowledge sharing, leisure
events Seek new members or promoting
this form of consumption
HOW participants do:
Use and recombine time & labor Use and recombine social capital Use and recombine financial capital Use and recombine physical capital
(II): Organizational mechanisms of sharing
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Relationships take into account: Grandori and Prencipe (2008); Grandori and Furnari (2013)
Prevalence of…
Sharing of decision/representation rights:- Co-decision on
food & inputs- Co-access to
resources
Sharing of ownership rights:- Residual
claimants- Transfer rights- Exclusion rights
Market-Like elements
Bureaucratic elements
Communitarian elements
CSA Netherlands; some SPGs in Italy
Some Spanish grupos de consumo
SPGs; Spanish community gardens
Distinctive practices:- Must pool money- Pay per food
production & distribution unit
Distinctive practices:- Must pool time- Formal governance- Formal division of
tasks
Distinctive practices:- Must pool knowledge
& values- Informal governance- Informal division of
tasks
(II): Organizational mechanisms of sharing
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Relationships take into account: Grandori and Prencipe (2008); Grandori and Furnari (2013)
Prevalence of…
Sharing of decision/representation rights
Sharing of ownership rights
Market-Like elements
Vertical Leadership
Vertical Leadership
Bureaucratic elements
Shared Leadership
Shared Leadership
Communitarian elements
Creativity Creativity
CSA Netherlands; some SPGs in Italy
Some Spanish grupos de consumo
SPGs; Spanish community gardens
Distinctive practices:- Must pool money- Pay per food
production & distribution unit
Distinctive practices:- Must pool time- Formal governance- Formal division of
tasks
Distinctive practices:- Must pool knowledge
& values- Informal governance- Informal division of
tasksVertical/Shared leadership and creativity are different forms of entrepreneurial behavior (Bird et al. 2012)
(II): Organizational mechanisms of sharing
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Relationships take into account: Grandori and Prencipe (2008); Grandori and Furnari (2013)
Prevalence of…
Sharing of decision/representation rights
Sharing of ownership rights
Market-Like elements
Vertical Leadership recombining resources within the organization
Vertical Leadershiprecombining resource outside organization
Bureaucratic elements
Shared Leadershiprecombining resources within the organization
Shared Leadership recombining resource outside the organization
Communitarian elements
Creativityrecombining resources within the organization
Creativity recombining resource outside the organization
CSA Netherlands; some SPGs in Italy
Some Spanish grupos de consumo
SPGs; Spanish community gardens
Distinctive practices:- Must pool money- Pay per food
production & distribution unit
Distinctive practices:- Must pool time- Formal governance- Formal division of
tasks
Distinctive practices:- Must pool knowledge
& values- Informal governance- Informal division of
tasksVertical/Shared leadership and creativity are different forms of entrepreneurial behavior (Bird et al. 2012)
Propositions and… “so what?”
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Social and/or economic value creation
Implications
Final points & discussion
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1. “Sharing” as co-access and/or co-ownership: Wide variety of forms, contexts and vocabulary This paper aims to understand how individual participants contribute to
“frugal forms” of sharing2. Entrepreneurship in consumption plays key role in sharing: Entrepreneurship -> Sharing Performance? Or
sharing -> entrepreneurship? Can entrepreneurship be “user value-based”? Is it useful for consumers’
quality of life? Can it be learned? Can this learning be applied outside the sharing economy?
3. Organizational mechanisms help explaining what sharing really entails: How do they change participants’ behavior through feedback mechanisms
of value creation?
Thank you!
This is still a working paper: your feedback is tremendously appreciated!
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Dr. Domenico Dentoni - [email protected] Dr. Stefano Pascucci and Dr. Giuseppina Migliore