sharing performance based fire design yulianto oktober 2014 b w
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Fire Safety Engineering Research Group,
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Universitas Indonesia,
Disampaikan pada pertemuan TABG-ME,
Jakarta, 29 Oktober 2014
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In general the design stages
include:1. Conceptual Design
2. Basic Engineering Design
3. Detailed Engineering Design
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Survey and Investigation
topographical and geotechnical
hydrological / flood survey
pedestrian / road traffic analysis
Forecasting of Future demand
Architectural and Structure design
Energy design (Electrical andMechanical facility design)
Fire safety and disaster management
system design
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Architectural design
Structure design Installation (Mechanical/Electrical system)
design
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Building interior space arrangement
Building exterior space design Safety requirements
Accessibility
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Structural and construction design are close
related to Passive Fire Protection system.
Material selection: fire rated concrete, fire
rated door and windows, coating materials,
fire barrier and compartmentation, smoke
barrier partitions
Structural loading: static, dynamic,
earthquake, and fire load.
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Mechanical and electrical design are closerelated to Active Fire Protection system.
Standpipe systems and fire hoses
Automatics sprinkler system Fire pumps
Fire Extinguisher
Fire detection and alarm system
Communication system
Ventilation and smoke control system (smoke
extraction system, smoke-stop lobby, and fire
fighting lobby)
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1. Life safety and Means of Egress
2. Passive protection
3. Active protection
4. Building Fire Safety Management
5. Fireman and Fire Engine access
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Project description including building function by floor, occupant
density)
Design criteria and fire scenario
Conceptual design of Means of Egress and Fire Protection System
Fireman and Fire truck accessibility
Passive Fire Protection system including compartmentation
Water based Fire Protection system Fire Detection and Alarm system
Smoke extraction system and pressurization
Elevator and escalator control system in emergency condition
Emergency power supply and communication system.
The design document at least consist of, but not limited to
(description, calculations and drawings ):
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Prescriptive-based design:
Based on prescriptive codes
Performance-based design:
May be based on performance codes
May be used with prescriptive codes
Requires rigorous engineering analysis
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This is what we are used to.
International Building Code (IBC)
NFPA 13 (Sprinklers)
NFPA 72 (Fire Alarm)
NFPA 101 (Life Safety) Code making process
Consensus
Based on loss history (reactive in many cases)
Implements minimum requirements generic by
occupancy Does not demonstrate how requirements contribute to
goals
Very appropriate for standard construction projects
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Consider an office building for XYZ corporation.
IBC prescribes fire resistance ratings of walls
NFPA 13 prescribes sprinkler spacing / density
IBC / NFPA 101 prescribes travel distances to
exits NFPA 72 prescribes the implementation of
notification appliances
Design meets code but loss potential is unclear
How much damage is expected in a fireevent?
Is the environment tenable until the last
occupant evacuates?
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Fire safety design to meet specific goals
defined by project stakeholders
Fundamental, rigorous engineering approach to
fire safety design
May be applied to varying degrees (levels)
Code equivalency with prescriptive codes
Complete PBD for an innovative facility
May be applied based on a model
performance code Likely applied in a prescriptive environment
through
Alternative means and methods clause.
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SFPEs SFPE Engineering Guide to Performance-
Based Fire Protection provides a framework
Prescriptive
Performance
Intent of the guide provides a process by which engineers can
develop fire protection measures
a means to document that specific fire safety
goals are achieved for specific hazards for a
particular project. identifies parameters that should be considered
in performance-based analysis or design.
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Stakeholder One who has an interest in the
successful completion of the project
Emergency responders
Building owner
Building manager Design team
Authorities having jurisdiction (AHJ)
Fire
Building Insurance
Accreditation agencies
Construction team
Tenants
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Defining Project Scope
Identifying Goals
Defining StakeholderAnd Design Objectives
Developing Performance
Criteria
Developing Design Fire
Scenarios
Developing Trial Designs
Evaluating Trial Designs
Selected Design
Meets Performance
Criteria?
Select the Final Design
Prepare Detail Design
Documentation
Modify Design
Or Objectives
Specifications, Drwgs,
and Operations and
Maintenance Manual
Developing a Fire
Protection EngineeringDesign Brief
Design Report
No
Yes
Ref. SFPE Engineering Guide on Performance-Based Design Process
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What makes the environment tenable?
Be conservative!
Understanding of effects of fire and smoke upon humans:
Heat exposure Toxic by products exposure (particularly CO)
Visibility
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Occupants must be able to escape to a safe
place, directly or through a protected exit,
before untenable conditions are reached during
a fire emergency.
Fire-fighters must be provided with adequate
means of access for fire fighting and rescueoperations within the building.
Bottom Line
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Fire dynamics :
Type of fire : (1 MW, 2.5 MW, 5.0 MW, etc)
Growth rate
Maximum heat release rate
Heat of combustion
Heat flux
Soot yield CO yield
Effect of Wind
Develop Reliable Fire Scenarios /
Design Fires
Time
HRR
Time
HRR
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Evacuation Detection
Alarm
Displacement away from the fire
Crowd management
Compartmentation Slows fire growth
Minimizes smoke spread
Response
Automatic (fire suppression) External
Internal
Structural Integrity
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100
Structural
Failure
Evacuation
Completed
Untenable
Conditions
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Structural
Failure
100
Evacuation
Completed
Untenable
Conditions
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te
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Walking Speed Flat 1.0 m/s
Stair 0.5 m/s
Run-off Coefficient Flat 1.2 person/m/s
Stair 1.0 person/m/s
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Regulasi tentang Bangunan Sangat Tinggi (Very
tall building) dengan jumlah lantai 40 lantai
dan bangunan bawah tanah / bismen dengan
kedalaman 15 m. Regulasi untuk Opsi Penerapan Performance-
based Building/Fire Code.
Penerapan Performance-based Code untuk
bangunan sangat tinggi dan bangunan bawah
tanah / bismen dalam dapat diwajibkan
(mandatory) karena code prescritive yang ada
belum tersedia.
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Currently, Building Fire SafetyRegulatory Framework in Indonesia
is based on the prescriptive
approach. However, for very tall and complex
buildings, it is suggested to
evaluate the safety performance ofthe design (developed by
prescriptive code), using the
RSET/ASET approach.
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1. Indonesia Law, Government Regulations,
Ministerial Regulations, Local Regulation related
to fire prevention, control and management.
2.Presentation materials of coordination meeting
for National Strategy in Fire Risk Reduction,
Bali, February 2013.
3. Indonesia Nasional Standard and Referencerelated to Fire Science and Engineering.
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