shaping our planet. the water cycle
DESCRIPTION
Evaporation Conversion of a liquid to the vapor state by the addition of heatTRANSCRIPT
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Shaping Our Planet
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The Water Cycle
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F9Yi4dAzHsc
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EvaporationConversion of a liquid to the vapor state by the addition of heat
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Transpirationis the evaporation of water from plants
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Condensation• Condensation is the process by which water
vapor in the air is changed into liquid water.• Condensation is crucial to the water cycle
because it is responsible for the formation of clouds.
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Precipitation
• Rain, Snow and Ice
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Draw the Water Cycle
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Water Cycle
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The Rock Cycle• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=53lMdHzvGCQ
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Climate and Weather
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LatitudeElevationMountain BarriersProximity to WaterOcean CurrentsStormsAtmospheric Pressure
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Latitude
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• Warmer air “holds” more water• Low pressure=warm air=precipitation• High pressure=cold air=dry air
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Elevation
• Equator receives most insolation• Hot air rises, heads towards poles• Air becomes heavy and sinks at 30°N and S• Plus the Coriolis effect
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Elevation
• For each 1,000 foot rise in altitude there is a 4°F drop in temperature.
• For example, if at sea level the average temperature is 75°F, at 10,000 feet the average temperature would be only 35°F. This has a dramatic effect on plant and animal distribution.
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Mountain Boundaries
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Proximity To Water
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Proximity to WaterLake Effect Snow
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Ocean currents
• Follow same circular pattern (driven by wind)• Warm currents flow away from equator, pile up on
eastern shores– Gulf Stream, Brazil
• Cold currents flow towards equator, cause upwelling– Humboldt/Peru, California
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El Niño (more rain)
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La Niña (less rain)
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Storms• Start at low pressure centers• Warm air rises• Water evaporates with energy from sun
• With condensation, energy is released
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Atmospheric pressure
• Air is a fluid• Warmer air is less dense• Air moves from dense to less dense conditions• Ex.: Land-sea breezes
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Natural Processes That Change Climates
Climate Changes
Solar Activity• When the sun is most active, it contains dark
blemishes called sunspots. The formation of sunspots appears to correspond with warm
periods in Europe and North America. Earth Motions
• Geographic changes in Earth’s land and water bodies cause changes in climate.
• Changes in the shape of Earth’s orbit and the tilt of Earth on its axis are other Earth motions
that affect global climates.
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Human Impact on Climate Changes
Climate Changes
The Greenhouse Effect• The greenhouse effect is a natural warming of both Earth’s lower atmosphere and Earth’s surface
from solar radiation being absorbed and emitted by the atmosphere.
Global Warming• As a result of increased levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, global
temperatures have increased. This increase is called global warming.
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Tropical Rainforest
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Desert
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•Mediterranean
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Marine West Coast
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•Humid Continental
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Highland
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Tundra
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Steppe
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Humid Subtropical
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Savanna
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Ice Cap
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Subarctic