Christopher C. Bernido and M. Victoria Carpio-Bernido

Research Center for Theoretical Physics

Central Visayan Institute Foundation

Jagna, Bohol, Philippines

and

Physics Department, University of San Carlos, Cebu City

and

Physics Department, MUS-Iligan Institute of Technology

5 July 2017 Civil Service Commission

Shaping Change in Education:

Challenges and Successes

OUTLINE

I. Motivation: Purposive Change

II. Toughest Challenge: Changing

Mindsets in Education

III. Some Successes

IV. Sustaining Success: Shaping Young

Minds

Why purposive change?

National Wealth Generation:Proper training and education can uplift

the lives of the people.

Creative

minds

training

discipline

stamina

Advances

in

Science

and

technology

Better

products,

services,

health,

quality of life

Levels of Quality Standards

International

National

Community

Family

Grabe ang

kahirapan

ng buhay

Ang mayayaman

Ang mabuti-buti

ang kalagayan

Ang

nahihirapan

The gap between

the rich and

the poor

Millions of Filipinos still suffer

from

• Poor health and medical services

• Low quality basic, collegiate and graduate education

• Primitive and unsafe public transport such as overloaded jeepneys and tricycles

There is a crying need for

NEW approaches to chronic

and unsolved problems

hindering the progress of our

country.

If we wish to build a solidfuture, we must be aware ofpresent realities in theirbarest form.

We must see throughperipherals and focus onessentials.

An average child in any part of the

country – in Luzon, Visayas or

Mindanao – performing at least as well

as an average German, Finnish,

Singaporean, Japanese or Chinese

child in Math, Sciences, and the

Humanities, in spite of lack of

resources.

7/25/2017 MVCBernido NAST 2016 10

Global quality goals for learners

What should we change?

Mindset

Beliefs

Values

Misconceptions

Unquestioned dogma

Etc.

Development

programs

We must coordinate and mobilize our vast

human and material resources to break

the barrier of underdevelopment.

Dependence

on grants

and loans

Changing Mindsets in Basic Education:

The CVIF Dynamic Learning Program

CVIF Program Design Requirements

• large-scale enough for public school

systems, but individualized enough for

each student in any school

• has best evidence-based features, for

curriculum and didactics

• So low in cost that effective

implementation is possible for any nation.

Ford's Model T: iconic disruptive

showcase

Key: Process Efficiency

"1908 Ford Model T" by User Rmhermen on en.wikipedia

(1908 Ford Model T ad from Oct. 1, 1908 Life magazine).

Licensed under Public Domain via Commons -

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ 15

Not just archival research

nor political rhetoric

nor technical consultants’ advice

but real world,

real classroom approach

with solutions from first principles.

The CVIF Dynamic Learning Programas a Systems Approach to Process-induced Learning

• has been applied at the Elementary,

Secondary, and Tertiary levels.

Carpio-Bernido, M. V., Bernido, C. C. (2011) CVIF Dynamic

Learning Program: A Systems Approach to Process-Induced

Learning. In Proc. of the epiSTEME 4 (Mumbai:HBCSE).

Learner

Disposition

CVIF-DLP targets Learner Disposition

Which are non-negotiable?

Non-negotiable Features of DLP =

Strategic teacher intervention

To allow students to explore on their own,

parallel classes automatically limit teacher

intervention to only 20 % to 30 % of the

period.

Section 1

Expert Teacher

Section 2

Facilitator

Section 3

Facilitator

Parallel Classes

The CVIF Dynamic Learning Program addresses:

Learner

Disposition: Habit-forming

Daily Protocol

where students

are engaged.

Lack of Qualified

Teachers: Students do learning

activities 70-80% of

the time.

Large

Classes:Activities are

individualized

20

Performance Scores in Standardized Tests 0

Majority

of students

Number

of

Students

Baseline2001

0Performance Scores in Standardized Tests

Number

of

Students

2006

Performance Scores in Standardized Tests

Majority

of students

0

Number

of

Students

2009

NSAT/ NCAE

Carpio-Bernido and Bernido, 2nd CVIF-DLP Workshop, 2011, Philippines21

National Licensure Examination for

Teachers (LET)

7/25/2017MVCBernido NAST 2016

22

• 7th Place, March 2016 :

Vincent D. Cuarteros (CVIF Batch 2010)

• 4th Place, September 2016 :

Ma. Herna S. Macas (CVIF Batch 2012)

International Benchmarking

SAT math scores of marker student

within cut-off of good American

universities

Carpio-Bernido and Bernido, 2nd CVIF-DLP

Workshop, 2011, Philippines23

Jesha Caseñas (CVIF 2005) graduated B.S.

Anthropology from University of California

(UC), Berkeley.

CVIF Alumni

Note: 22 Nobel Prizes have been awarded to UC

Berkeley faculty.

Ronald Lloren (CVIF 2005): doing his Ph.D.

(Marine Science) at ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal

Institute) .

ETH Zurich is number one in the world in Earth

and Marine Sciences, above Harvard and MIT

(2016 QS World Ranking of Universities by

discipline).

ETH is where Einstein studied and taught. “21

Nobel Prizes have been awarded to researchers

who have or have had an association with ETH

Zurich."

CVIF Alumni

Madelynn Nayga (CVIF 2009) to pursue her

Ph.D. (Physics) studies as researcher at Max

Planck Institute (MPI) in Dresden, Germany. She

is in a joint program between MPI and University

of Dresden. To enter a Max Planck Institute

program is highly competitive.

CVIF Alumni

Department of Education (Province of Bohol) (162 Public High Schools)

54.00%

56.00%

58.00%

60.00%

62.00%

64.00%

66.00%

2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014

57.58%58.62%

64.35%

Nat ional

Achievement Test

Resul ts

Impact of CVIF-DLP in Bohol, Philippines

Failure

Rate

0.00%

1.00%

2.00%

3.00%

4.00%

5.00%

6.00%

2011-2012

2012-2013

2013-2014

5.70%

3.73%

2.13%

27

Department of Education (Basilan, Mindanao)

19 Secondary Schools

Impact of CVIF-DLP in Basilan, Philippines

28

Partners:

Local Government Unit

What may be remarkable is that:

• The CVIF-DLP students have lectures and

discussion only 1/4, or even 1/5 of the time

(typically equivalent to one period a week, the

rest being allotted for written activities);

• They have no homework throughout their 4

years in high school;

• The portfolios and all activities cannot be

brought home (returned to the students at the

end of the year).

Sustaining Success:

Shaping Young Minds

ASEAN Region's Scientific Power :

Singapore : 45 % of papers published ;

Thailand : 21 % of papers published ;

Malaysia : 16 % of papers published

Vietnam : 6 % of papers published ;

Indonesia : 5 % of papers published ;

Philippines : 5 % of papers published ;

Brunei, Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar together produced less than 2 % of papers published.

http://www.scidev.net/en/science-communication/science-publishing/news/south-east-asian-nations-publish-more-science.html

2014 Global Innovation Index country ranking:

ASEAN Nation Global Ranking

Singapore 7

Malaysia 33

Thailand 48

Viet Nam 71

Indonesia 87

Brunei Darussalam 88

Philippines 100

Cambodia 106

http://www.globalinnovationindex.org

7/25/2017 MVCBernido LCF 2014

Philippine Crisis

The absence of a critical mass of well-trained highly creative people, in particular, the lack of Ph.D.’s in

science & engineering.

No Philippine university entered the top 800 in the 2015-’16 THED

world-wide ranking of universities.

ASEAN COUNTRIES:

7 from Thailand

5 from Malaysia

2 from Singapore , Rank 26 and 55

1 from Indonesia (University of Indonesia)

2016 World‘s Top 800 Universities

No university from the Philippines...

AFRICAN COUNTRIES:

6 from South Africa

1 from Ghana (University of Ghana)

1 from Kenya (University of Nairobi)

1 from Nigeria (University of Ibadan)

1 from Uganda (Makerere University), Top

500

PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (Times Higher Education University Rankings)

(a) Teaching (the learning environment) : 30 %

(b) Research (volume, income, reputation): 30 %

(c) Citations (research influence): 30 %

(d) Industry Income (innovation): 2.5 %

(e) International Outlook (staff, students & research)

7.5 %

60 %

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Cutting edge research

is the key...

How do we catch up?

7/25/2017 MVCarpio-Bernido, CVIF Jagna,

Bohol37

A nation-wide

distribution of

talents

Working assumption for strategic plan

PhD

MS

BS

K - 12

Research: Creation

of new knowledge

Conventional set-up

Target: Socio-economically relevant

internationally publishable research

for Gr. 11 and Gr.12

PhD

MS

BS

K - 10

Research: New

knowledge and new

applications

Gr. 11 - 12

SHS RESEARCH

7/25/2017 40

MVCarpio-Bernido, CVIF Jagna, Bohol

Real science for senior high

The Grades 11 and 12 curriculum

requires at least 2 semesters of

practical research.

Research topic

Research problem

Questions

• Are high school students too young

and ill-prepared for serious research?

• Are young people now interested only

in social media?

• How do we uncover and sustain the

deeper intellective drive of young

people?

7/25/2017MVCarpio-Bernido, CVIF Jagna, Bohol

42

MVCarpio-

Bernido, CVIF

43

At the high school stage,

students are capable of

highly abstract thinking.

Jean Piaget

7/25/2017

MVCarpio-

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44

With training and discipline,

young persons may outperform

adults in different areas.

7/25/2017

Examples from history

Jean Piaget at age 11: published his

first scientific paper

MVCarpio-Bernido, CVIF Jagna, Bohol457/25/2017

• Carl Friedrich Gauss at age 13:

a Prime Number Theorem

• James Clerk Maxwell at age 14:

presented a scientific paper at the

Royal Academy

The Research ProcessSelection and formulation of the problem

Research design and plan to test a hypothesis

Observation and experiments / computation

Analysis / interpretation / conclusion

Survey of present state of knowledge of the problem

Publication in an international scientific journal

Prototypes:

Research themes for CVIF students

7/25/2017MVCarpio-Bernido, CVIF Jagna, Bohol

47

• Data mining and analytics

• Marine sciences

• Biodiversity

• Agricultural sciences

• Sports sciences

• ...

7/25/2017 MVCarpio-Bernido, CVIF Jagna, Bohol48

Marine Sciences and Biodiversity

NOT KNOWING, NOT RECORDING, NOT LISTING:

NUMEROUS UNNOTICED MOLLUSK EXTINCTIONS

Claire Régnier,∗ Benoît Fontaine,† and Philippe Bouchet∗

∗Mus´eum National d’Histoire naturelle, D´epartement Syst´ematique et Evolution—

Malacologie, 75231 Paris, France

†Mus´eum National d’Histoire naturelle,—Conservation des Esp`eces, Suivi et

Restauration des Populations D´epartement Ecologie et Gestion de la Biodiversit´e

Mus´eum National d’Histoire Naturelle CP 51, Paris, France

Conservation Biology, Volume 23 (2009) pp. 1214–1221.

ABSTRACT:… We found that the number of known mollusk

extinctions

is almost double that of the IUCN Red List. More than

70% of known mollusk extinctions took place on oceanic

islands, …

Central Visayan Institute Foundation

Jagna, Bohol

The Philippines

is regarded

by marine biologists

as the world’s epicenter

of marine biodiversity.

Bohol

Philippine seas are inhabited by around10,000 marine mollusk species (includeshelled creatures like snails, clams, andslugs) comprising a fifth of the known speciesin the world.

In contrast, the whole Mediterranean has 2,020species of mollusks.

The whole marine fauna of Japan has only1700 species of decapods.

BIODIVERSITY

Panglao Island, Bohol, Philippines:

TEAM: 30 marine scientists, technicians & fishing masters from France, Singapore, Taiwan, Russia

& Philippines.

2004: gathered 1,200 species of decapod crustacean; 6,000 species of mollusk specimens, many new to science.

2005: twenty drums of specimens collected ---several thousands of mollusk species, 600 species of crustaceans, and 100+ species of echinoderms, etc.

(Depth: 200m to 2,300m)- PDI, 7 Oct. 2005

Marine Biodiversity: New Species

Cone snails thrive in shallow

tropical marine waters.

• Each cone snail specie has around 100 to 200

different peptide-rich venom (conotoxins)

components that can be extracted.

• 2004: From a conotoxin, the drug Prialt was

manufactured – much stronger than morphine

but non-addictive.

• 2005: Prialt sales reached US $ 6.1 million.

• 2006: Prialt sales reached US $ 12.5 million.

• 2006: Around six different conotoxins have

reached human clinical trials.

http://www.forbes.com/global/2007/0702/064.html

Urgent need to explore cone snails

in our seas:

There are 700 species of predatory cone snails,

each species containing 100 to 200 types of

conotoxins (with little overlap between species).

This implies there could be more than 70,000

pharmaceutical drugs waiting to be discovered

from venoms of cone snails.

B. M. Olivera, J. Biol. Chem. 281 (2006) 31173-31177.

Central Visayan Institute Foundation

Jagna, Bohol, November 2006

40 % to 50 % of today’s medicines

originate in natural products.

2008: the US National Institutes of Healthawarded US $ 4 million to American-Philippine scientists to catalog the diversemollusk species.

The US NIH project is expected to yielddrugs related to the cure of cancer anddiseases of the central nervous system.

Budget: € 9.5 million (about PhP 475 million)

Date Started: October 2012

Participating Countries:

Belgium United Kingdom Norway

Spain Ireland Germany

Italy Denmark China

Costa Rica South Africa Chile

New Zealand

EU PharmaSea Project

http://www.pharma-

sea.eu/

(2) Conduct forums where experts in marine

biology can give lectures on marine life

and avenues for chemistry, mathematics,

biology and physics research.

(1) Involve Grades 11 and 12 students in

systematic marine biodiversity research

appropriate to their grade level, yet

publishable.

CVIF Initiative

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Studying the map of Jagna Bay7/25/2017 58

Deploying lumon-lumon nets at Jagna Bay

80 m to 100 m deep.

Underwater documentation of CVIF‘s Marine Project by

Smart Communications.

Intertidal

Collection

38 Hermit Crabs

16 Brittle Star

2 Crustalavidae

10 Starfish

8 Money Cowrie

6 Hebrew Cones

6 Sea Cucumbers

3 Trochidae

2 Blue Starfish

2 Sea Slugs

2 Octopus

1 Unknown

- Unshelled

Mollusk

1 Crab

1 SP3

1 Conus

Excluding micro-organisms, the average number of

individuals is 12 in a 1 meter x 1 meter area.

Sorting and counting of the collection.

65

Sorting and classifying

micro-organisms from the sea.

66

Sorting and classifying

micro-organisms from the sea.

Dorsal

View

Ventral

View

7.8 mm

Cycloscala from Jagna Bay :

Documentation by photography facilitates

identification of specimens the Internet.

69

Sorting and classifying

microorganisms from

the sea.

7/25/2017 70MVCarpio-Bernido, CVIF Jagna, Bohol

Jagna Bay Ecology

Each student will be asked to

identify and classify each species

collected in the intertidal expedition

to determine:

Abundance of each species

compared with others (ecological

balance)

Possible new species

Jagna Bay Ecology

CVIF Projects

To publish a catalogue of

species found in Jagna Bay

Set up a Museum for the

education of present and

future generations

Jagna Conus Project:

From Cone Snail Venom to Pharmaceutical Products ...

747/25/2017MVCarpio-Bernido, CVIF Jagna, Bohol

UNDERSTANDING

MARINE LIFE

Soft Matter

Complex Systems

Big Data Analytics

Physics, Biochemistry, Mathematics

Evolution Biology

Geochemistry

Remarks:1. We need an “army“ to sort, classify and

identify largely diverse marine specimens.

Research for grades 11 and 12

students?

( over 2 million students in the Philippines)

2. Understanding marine life requires an

interdisciplinary approach.

3. Need for national/international networking.

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International Conference on Biodiversity and Chemical

Biology of Marine and Terrestrial Life in the Philippine Region

October 16-20, 2016, Panglao, Bohol.

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Hosted by the University of the Philippines through the Marine Science

Institute and Institute of Biology

University of Utah

Drexel University

California Academy of Sciences

Russian Academy of Sciences

University of Hawaii

University of Oxford

Kyoto University

Griffiths University

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The journey

of a thousand kilometers

begins with a single step…