shale development overvie · bakken monterey eagle ford haynesville marcellus antrim new albany...

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Shale Development Overview

April 15th, 2013

Water is Life

PB Area Technology Manager

© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Northeast - Birthplace of U.S. Natural Gas

First natural gas well

• William Hart – 1821

• Fredonia, New York

First natural gas pipeline

• E. L. Drake – 1859

• Titusville, Pennsylvania

Early challenges

• Funding

• Commercial quantities

• Storage and transport

• Technology


Velma, Oklahoma

The First Commercial Frac Job

March 17, 1949


U.S. Shale Today

Bakken

Monterey

Eagle Ford

Haynesville

Marcellus

Antrim

New

Albany

Bone Springs/

Avalon

Niobrara

Woodford Fayetteville

Barnett

Mancos

Gothic/

Green

River

Floyd

Montana

Thrust

Belt

http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/rpd/shale_gas.jpg

Tuscaloosa

Utica

5 © 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Federal Through bills such as the FRAC Act, legislators vie to

regulate HF at the federal level

EPA Study EPA HF study to include water withdrawals, storage,

treatment, disposal and recycling

State State regulators are seeking to maintain primacy over

Oil & Gas regulation

Federal Lands BLM reviewing operations and revising oil and gas

regulations on federal lands

Diesel Regulation Waxman inquiry prompts EPA to expand

regulatory guidance on diesel use in frac fluids

SEAB Natural Gas Subcommittee recommendations on improved

safety & environment in shale development

Overarching US Debate Federal Versus State Oversight

6 © 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

New York De facto moratorium awaiting final SGEIS ruling

in the late 2012?

Wyoming Chapter 3 regulations address well construction

and completions

Colorado Rule 205-A ruling sets new standards for HF

chemical disclosure – April 1st

California AB 591 proposes new legislation on

upstream activities including HF disclosure

Texas HB 3328 regulation sets new standards for HF

chemical disclosure – Feb. 1st

Pennsylvania Chapter 78 regulations address well construction

and completions

State Regulation Under Review

http://www.ny.gov/

http://www.google.fr/imgres?imgurl=https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/_JxQOEWrH4SM/TZSOWzvkdtI/AAAAAAAABGU/ev-NpUpbfmI/DEP_logo.png&imgrefurl=http://rwhiteford.blogspot.com/2011/04/electric-car-charging-stations-coming.html&usg=__6eM_7EuGhwaLhk0jROdjcWQpv4s=&h=298&w=1311&sz=53&hl=fr&start=1&zoom=1&itbs=1&tbnid=ACKbNddxEIxd6M:&tbnh=34&tbnw=150&prev=/search?q=Pennsylvania+DEP+Logo&hl=fr&rls=com.microsoft:*:IE-SearchBox&rlz=1I7ADFA_en&biw=1259&bih=590&tbm=isch&ei=44_CTdekDpOq8APy-KDzBQ

http://wyomingenergynews.com/2009/01/wyoming-oil-and-gas-conservation-commission/

http://www.google.fr/imgres?imgurl=http://www.conservation.ca.gov/DOG/PublishingImages/DOGGRLogo.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.consrv.ca.gov/dog/geothermal&usg=__4W73OAeOxwU1D5nMi0aUdybxrFQ=&h=98&w=80&sz=4&hl=fr&start=1&zoom=1&itbs=1&tbnid=feJI0R1qai1DdM:&tbnh=81&tbnw=66&prev=/search?q=Division+of+Oil,+Gas+and+Geothermal+Resources+Logo&hl=fr&rls=com.microsoft:*:IE-SearchBox&rlz=1I7ADFA_en&biw=1259&bih=590&tbm=isch&ei=DbLCTYHFMJDEtAb616GWAQ

http://cogcc.state.co.us/


Shale Gas Production Game Changer


1

10

100

1,000

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000

Time (Days)

Ga

s R

ate

(M

sc

f/D

)10

100

1,000

10,000

Oil R

ate

(b

bl/D

)

Gas Rate Sim

Gas Rate

Oil Rate

Oil rate Sim

Quantify Construct Complete Analyze

Decades of Shale Development


Barnett Shale

Barnett

Set the stage for modern

shale gas development

Learnings leveraged into

future operations

Over 15,000 producing

wells today


Barnett Historical Evolution


Austin Chalk Horizontal Drilling and Hydraulic Fracturing

Extensive use of horizontal

drilling & hydraulic fracturing

since 1985

Long laterals and large

volume fracturing safely

utilized

Processes are proven and

well understood

Giddings

Pearsall


What is “Hydraulic Fracturing?”

Hydraulic Fracturing:

The use of fluids to create a

pathway to the wellbore

The placement of small granular

solids into the pathway to ensure

that it remains open after the

hydraulic pressure is removed

Objective:

Increase the rate at which the well

is capable of producing oil or gas

Increase the economically

recoverable reserves for a well


Why We Frac Radial Flow

Hydrocarbon

Molecule

Hydrocarbon

Molecule

Radial Flow = Congestion


Why We Frac Linear Flow

Hydrocarbon

Molecule

Linear Flow =

Optimization

Hydrocarbon

Molecule

Well Construction

Protecting Ground Water


Well Design

Drill

Casing

Cement


Water Aquifer

Cementing Operation

Society of Petroleum Engineers, Cementing Monograph Volume 4, 1990

Well Cementing :

The process of

designing & mixing a

slurry of cement,

water and additives.

Then pumping the

slurry down through

steel casing to critical

points in the annulus

between the casing

and in the open hole.


Purpose of Cementing

Protects ground water

Bonds and supports

the casing

Restricts fluid movement

between formations

Water Aquifer

Why Oil and Gas Wells Are Cemented

Society of Petroleum Engineers, Cementing Monograph Volume 4, 1990


Steel Casing

Casing Objectives

Zonal Isolation

Well Control

Pressure Containment

Casing Specifications

API Standards

Life Cycle

- Multiple Layers of Protection

Completions


Hydraulic Fracturing An Engineered Process

Hydraulic Fracturing

Equation

Fracture Design

Pump Schedule

[ ] Tec R R z P P s a a

n

n

s + + -

-

= 2 1 min 1

s

σv > 1psi/ft

σmin

σmax

σ

Stage

# Flow

Path Fluid

System Prop

Type Stage Time

(min)

1 – 1 Shut-In 0

1 – 2 In 20# Water Frac G 39.3

1 – 3 In 20# Water Frac G SAND – PREMIUM –

20/40, BULK, SK

(100003678)

17.82

1 – 4 In 20# Water Frac G 6.39

1 – 5 In 15% Hydrochloric Acid 1.06

1 – 6 In 20# Water Frac G 16.46

1 – 7 In 20# Water Frac G SAND-CRC PREMIUM-

20/40, BULK (101357961)

7.02


20/40, BULK (101357961)

10.32


20/40, BULK (101357961)

8.96


20/40, BULK (101357961)

6.31

1 – 11 In 20# Water Frac G 10.37

1 – 12 Shut-In 0

Total 124.01


Fracture Design Detailed Data Required

Petrophysics

Formation Properties

Fluid

Properties

Proppant

Properties

k, Φ, ν, E, σ, Pp, BHT Multitude of fluid types

n’, K’, μ, break profile, Pf

Variety of proppant types

β, sg, size, CD

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Time (hr)

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0.0001

0.001

K'

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Time (hr)

0.6

0.8

1.0

n'

HALLIBURTON FLUID PROPERTIES Fluid

WG-18

Temp200

GelConc30

StimWin v4.8.003-Dec-06 13:33


Fluid Composition

*Image: EnergyinDepth.org 2009 Source: Compiled

from Data collected at a Fayetteville Shale Fracture

Stimulation by ALL Consulting 2008.


Fracture Treatment A Managed Process

Treatment

Control

Center

5/30/200308:50 09:00 09:10 09:20 09:30 09:40 09:50 10:00 10:10 10:20

5/30/200310:30

Time

0

2500

5000

7500

10000

12500

A

0

30

60

90

120

150

B

0

10

20

30

40

50

CCasing Pressure (psi) Bottom Hole Pressure (psi) Slurry Rate (bpm)Surface Proppant Conc (lb/gal) BH Prop Con

A A BC C

StimWin v4.8.006-Dec-06 17:42


Fracture Evaluation Microseismic Monitoring

Fracturing process

generates “nano”

level microseismic

events

Geophones

in monitor well

identify and map

precise location

of events


Kevin Fisher, “Data Confirm Safety of Well Fracturing,”

The American Oil & Gas Reporter – July 2010

Fracture Location Determination Barnett Study

Top of

fractures

Bottom

of deepest

aquifers

Thousands of feet

of separation


Treatment Well

Observation Well Closer Look Microseismic Monitoring

Observation Well


Visualization a Mile Away


STRONGER In-depth peer review of the HF regulatory

programs in OH, PA, OK, LA and CO

www.strongerinc.org

IOGCC/GWPC FracFocus website adopted by states

providing well by well information to the

public

www.FracFocus.org

Sources of Information

Energy In Depth Energy In Depth launches new grassroots

initiatives in northeast PA, southern NY and

eastern Ohio

www.Energyindepth.org

Halliburton Hydraulic Fracturing microsite contains

detailed fluid information and educational

material

www.Halliburton.com/HydraulicFracturing

API Detailed Guidance Documents and

Recommended Practices for industry

www.API.org

http://www.energyindepth.org/

http://welovecarbon.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/api_logo4.jpg


Truthland The Movie

Truthland has been viewed more

than 30,000 times on YouTube

More than 40 screenings have

already been scheduled in states

across the nation

www.Truthlandmovie.com


Thank You!