shajara preparatory school e. lessons
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Shajara Preparatory School E. Lessons. Structure of matter. Objectives: .To identify structure of atom. . To identify atomic number of an element. . To identify mass number of an atom. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Shajara Preparatory SchoolE. Lessons
Structure of matter
www.shajara.webnode.com
Grade Eight (A)
Objectives: .To identify structure of atom.
. To identify atomic number of an element.
. To identify mass number of an atom.
. To identify ions and their different types.
. To identify molecule.
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Shajara Preparatory SchoolE. Lessons
Structure of matter
www. shajara.webnode.com
Grade Eight (A)
Structure of matter
What is Atom
Parts of atom
Particles of atom
Mass number & atomic number
What is ion
How is the ion form
Table of
contents
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Shajara Preparatory SchoolE. Lessons
Structure of matter
www.shajara.webnode.com
Grade Eight (A)
Structure of matter
Atom Ion Molecule
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Shajara Preparatory SchoolE. Lessons
Matter
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Matter is made up of tiny particles called atom.The atom has a spherical shape.
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Shajara Preparatory SchoolE. Lessons
Inside Atom
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Atom is made up of the nucleus at the center surrounded by electronic cloud.
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Shajara Preparatory SchoolE. Lessons
Sub-atomic Particles
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- The nucleus: contains two types of particles: - Protons : ( positively charged ) - Neutrons: ( non charged )
- The electron cloud : it surround the nucleus and it contain one type of particles: - Electrons ( negatively charged )
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Shajara Preparatory SchoolE. Lessons
Sub-atomic Particles
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Sub- atomic particles
Symbol Electric charge Location
Protons P + Inside nucleus
Neutrons n no charge Inside nucleus
Electrons _ Move around nucleuse
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Shajara Preparatory SchoolE. Lessons
Electric Charge of Atom
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- In an atom; the number of positive charges ( protons ) is equal to the number of negative charges ( electrons).
This makes the atom electrically neutral
7 (+) charges and 7 (-) charges 8 (+) charges and 8 (-) charges
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Shajara Preparatory SchoolE. Lessons
Atomic Symbol
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An atom can be represented by its atomic symbol:
Where X is the chemical symbol of the element. Z is the atomic number. A is the mass number.
XAZ
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Shajara Preparatory SchoolE. Lessons
Atomic number
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Atomic number= number of protons Z=P
For example, The element carbon has 6 protons in its nucleus.Then, Its atomic number Z=6.
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Shajara Preparatory SchoolE. Lessons
Mass number
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Mass number ( A ) = number of protons + number of neutrons A= p +n For example, in the above figure;
The first carbon atom has 6 protons and 6 neutrons in its nucleus. Then its mass number A= 12The second carbon atom has 6 protons and 8 neutrons in its nucleus. Then its mass number A=14
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Shajara Preparatory SchoolE. Lessons
Identity of element
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Each chemical element is identified by its atomic number (Z) or number of protons
Protons=6Atomic number =6Carbon element
Protons=7Atomic number =7Nitrogen element
Protons=8Atomic number =8Oxygenelement
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Shajara Preparatory SchoolE. Lessons
Ions
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The ion is an atom or group of atoms, that carry a positive or negative charge.
The adjacent figure shows molecular models representing some common ions like:
K+ , Na+, Cl- , Cu2+ , F- , Ca2+ , 23CO
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Shajara Preparatory SchoolE. Lessons
How is the ion formed?
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When an atom lose or gain electrons, it becomes an ion. when an atom loses electron, it attains a positive charge( x+ ) and is called cation.
Lithium atom loses 1 electron and becomes lithium ion. Li – 1 e Li+
Lithium atom3 electrons
Lithium ion2 electrons
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Shajara Preparatory SchoolE. Lessons
Ions
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when an atom gains electrons, it attains a negative charge (X- )
and it called anion.
e
Fluorine atom gains 1 electron and becomes fluorine ion. F – 1 F-
Fluorine atom9 electrons
Fluorine ion10 electrons
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Shajara Preparatory SchoolE. Lessons
Cations and Anions
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Ions can be classified according to its electric charge as cations or anions. Cations Anions
H+ HO-
O2-
Mg2+ F-
Positively charged ions Negatively charged ions
4NH
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Shajara Preparatory SchoolE. Lessons
Mono- and Poly- atomic ions
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Ions can be classified according to the number of atoms
contained as mono-atomic or poly-atomic ions. Mono-atomic ions Poly-atomic ions
H+ HO-
O2-
Al3+
Made up of only one atom Made up of many atoms
24SO4NH
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Shajara Preparatory SchoolE. Lessons
Molecules
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A molecule is neutral group of atoms that act as a unit .
Example:• carbon dioxide molecule .• water molecule.• methane molecule. Water molecule
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Shajara Preparatory SchoolE. Lessons
Practice
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Grade Eight (A)
Atoms, molecules , and ions are the buildings blocks of elements and compounds. The table below shows models of different particles:
Oxide Ammonia Dihydrogen Hydronium Water Name of particle
Model
elements
Number of atoms
Electric charge
Nature of particles
+ - Coding
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
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Shajara Preparatory SchoolE. Lessons
Structure of Matter
www.shajara.webnode.com
Grade Eight (A) Students
Prepared by:Firas Sami Al Haj Moussa
Wissam Saddiq Basel Fares Ahmad manasri Hassan shawky
Supervised by:T. Wissam Abdallah