shades of green
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Shades of Green. Southeastern Facility Masters Conference Southeastern Association of School Business Officials November 18-20, 2008 Little Rock, Arkansas. Viewing High Performance (HP) Design. Larry Schoff, PE Consultant to the US Department of Energy’s EnergySmart Schools Program. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Southeastern Facility Masters Conference Southeastern Association of School Business Officials
November 18-20, 2008Little Rock, Arkansas
Larry Schoff, PEConsultant to the
US Department of Energy’s EnergySmart Schools Program
Shades of GreenViewing High Performance (HP) Design
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1. Promote 50% improved efficiency in new schools and major renovations or additions and 30% in existing buildings
2. Develop and disseminate technical guidance, best practices and case studies which address existing buildings and new construction
3. Identify sources of financing for high performance schools and provide tools that help stakeholders make a compelling business case
4. Collaborate with national, regional, and local partners to promote healthy, high-performance schools
Anticipated total energy savings from 700 schools: 0.002 quads with $14 million in cost savings to schools by 2020
Catalyze significant improvements in energy efficiency by promoting schools that progress towards net-zero energy buildings
DOE EnergySmart Schools
Goals Approach Impact
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DOE EnergySmart Schools (cont.)
New Construction and Major Renovations• Primarily suburban districts and states with growing
populations• Opportunity: Design in sustainability and high-performance
from the outset• Target: At least 50% energy savings over ASHRAE
standards
Existing Buildings/Retrofits• Primarily urban and rural districts, some driven by
consolidations or need to upgrade aging infrastructures• Target: At least 30% energy savings
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Presentation Outline
Defining High Performance/Green/Sustainability
High Performance Design Guides
“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design
“Shading” Your High Performance Design
Examples of “Shades of Green” Schools
Financing High Performance Schools
Conclusion
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Defining High Performance/Green/ Sustainability
Sustainability• Development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Green• To significantly reduce or eliminate the negative impact of
buildings on the environment and on the building occupants
High Performance• When a building, its systems and the occupants are
operating effectively and efficiently
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Defining High Performance/Green/ Sustainability (cont.)
• HP/Green Design Concepts apply to all building types• LEED-NC initially applied to all• Now – Building types having LEED documents
– K-12 Schools– Shell Buildings– Campus
• CHPS – Now adopted by several states
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Defining High Performance/Green/ Sustainability (cont.)
Life Cycle Cost vs. First Cost• All of the decisions affecting this entire life
cycle cost are made in the smallest portion of the building life cycle cost-design.
• High performance design must be incorporated from the start!
Operation50%
Construction11%
Financing14%
Alterations 25%
Design is ONLY 6%-8% construction cost
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Defining High Performance/Green/ Sustainability (cont.)
Integrated or Whole Building Design• Whole-building design considers all building
components • Integrates all the subsystems • Design team should be fully integrated from the
beginning; all the pieces must fit together– Building design team can include architects, engineers, building
occupants and owners, and specialists in areas such as indoor air quality, materials, and energy use.
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High Performance Design Guides
• ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guides• Collaborative for High Performance Schools (CHPS)
and Variations of CHPS• LEED• Local Government Guides
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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance DesignSustainable Sites
Energy Use
Water Efficiency
Materials and Resources
Indoor Environmental Quality
Strategies and Technologies
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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)
Sustainable Sites
Stormwater Design
Heat Island Effect
Light Pollution
Alternative Transportation
Site Selection/Disturbance
Sustainable Sites
Energy Use
Water Efficiency
Materials and Resources
Indoor Environmental Quality
Strategies and Technologies
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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Sustainable Sites
Stormwater Design
Heat Island Effect
Light Pollution
Alternative Transportation
Site Selection/Disturbance
• Reflective roofing (ENERGY STAR)• Provide shade of the non-roof
impervious surfaces or light color paving
• Vegetative roof
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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Sustainable Sites
Stormwater Design
Heat Island Effect
Light Pollution
Alternative Transportation
Site Selection/Disturbance• Bicycle storage and changing rooms• Alternative fuel vehicles• Public transportation• Parking capacity
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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)
Energy Use
Energy Efficiency
Renewable Energy
Building Commissioning
Measurement and Verification
Green Power
Refrigeration Management
Sustainable Sites
Energy Use
Water Efficiency
Materials and Resources
Indoor Environmental Quality
Strategies and Technologies
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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Energy Use
Energy Efficiency
Renewable Energy
Building Commissioning
Measurement and Verification
Green Power
Refrigeration Management
• Reduce energy at least 30% over baseline
• Reduce energy by 50%• HP HVAC, lighting and ENERGY
STAR compliant equipment
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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Energy Use
Energy Efficiency
Renewable Energy
Building Commissioning
Measurement and Verification
Green Power
Refrigeration Management
• Geo exchange• Solar hot water heat• PV system • Wind turbine
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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)
Water Efficiency
Water Efficient Landscaping
Water Use Reduction
Wastewater Technologies
Sustainable Sites
Energy Use
Water Efficiency
Materials and Resources
Indoor Environmental Quality
Strategies and Technologies
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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Water Efficiency
Water Efficient Landscaping
Water Use Reduction
Wastewater Technologies
• Native grasses and plants• Rainwater • Soil analysis • No potable water used for
landscaping
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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Water Efficiency
Water Efficient Landscaping
Water Use Reduction
Wastewater Technologies
• Waterless urinals • Low flush commodes• Low flow faucets and shower heads• Composting toilets• Rainwater to flush commodes and
urinals• Occupancy sensors
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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)
Materials and Resources
Building Reuse
Waste Management
Material Reuse
Recycled Content
Regional Materials
Certified Woods
Rapidly Renewable MaterialsSustainable Sites
Energy Use
Water Efficiency
Materials and Resources
Indoor Environmental Quality
Strategies and Technologies
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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Materials and Resources
Building Reuse
Waste Management
Material Reuse
Recycled Content
Regional Materials
Certified Woods
Rapidly Renewable Materials
• Sort by type• Reduce landfill costs• Reuse on site
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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Materials and Resources
Building Reuse
Waste Management
Material Reuse
Recycled Content
Regional Materials
Certified Woods
Rapidly Renewable Materials
• Installed cabinets and flooring• Concrete, CMU, brick and steel• Outside furniture
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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Materials and Resources
Building Reuse
Waste Management
Material Reuse
Recycled Content
Regional Materials
Certified Woods
Rapidly Renewable Materials• Wheat board • Bamboo flooring• Rubber flooring• Linoleum • Certified lumber• Hay bales
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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.) Indoor Environmental Quality
Low-Emitting Materials
System Controllability
Thermal Comfort
Daylight and Views
Construction IAQ Plans – During and After
Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Control
Outdoor Air Monitoring
Increased VentilationSustainable Sites
Energy Use
Water Efficiency
Materials and Resources
Indoor Environmental Quality
Strategies and Technologies
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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Indoor Environmental Quality
Low-Emitting Materials
System Controllability
Thermal Comfort
Daylight and Views
Construction IAQ plans – During and After
Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Control
Outdoor Air Monitoring
Increased Ventilation
Provide Daylighting and Views
– Clerestories
– Light tubes
– View glass
– Light shelves
(interior and exterior)
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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)
Strategies and Technologies
Electrical Distribution
Lighting Systems
Controls
HVAC
Buildings as a Teaching Tool
Target Finder
Sustainable Sites
Energy Use
Water Efficiency
Materials and Resources
Indoor Environmental Quality
Strategies and Technologies
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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Strategies and Technologies
Electrical Distribution
Lighting Systems
Controls
HVAC
Buildings as a Teaching Tool
Target Finder
Energy Efficient Transformers
• Currently, out of sight and out of mind—Today a “Dark Hole for Energy Inefficiency” in all building types
Energy Being Lost Behind Closed Doors
Energy Efficient TransformersA “Gold Mine” for efficiency and cost reductions
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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Strategies and Technologies
Electrical Distribution
Lighting Systems
Controls
HVAC
Buildings as a Teaching Tool
Target Finder
Energy Efficient Transformers
A DOE study* found that:
• Aging infrastructure and lightly
loaded transformers
• 60-80 Billion kWh losses
annually
– 40+ Million in commercial buildings
• Installing energy efficient
transformers can save the
equivalent of 9 days of electric
power generation
* Federal Register – Part II Department of Energy, EERE, 10 CFR Part 430, Energy Conservation Program for Commercial and Industrial Equipment : Energy Conservation Standards for Distribution Transformers, July 29, 2004.
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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Strategies and Technologies
Electrical Distribution
Lighting Systems
Controls
HVAC
Buildings as a Teaching Tool
Target Finder
Electrical Distribution
• Sub-metering of electrical circuits– Lighting– Outlet circuits– Kitchen– HVAC – other
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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Strategies and Technologies
Electrical Distribution
Lighting Systems
Controls
HVAC
Buildings as a Teaching Tool
Target Finder
Hallway Lighting
• Current design – on 12-18 hours a day
• Limited controls – all or nothing
• Consider controls on hallway segments
• Consider occupancy controls
• Consider dark schools • Daylighting sensors /
controls
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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Strategies and Technologies
Electrical Distribution
Lighting Systems
Controls
HVAC
Buildings as a Teaching Tool
Target Finder
Placement of Light Switches
• Why are all usually placed at one location or door?
• Place only one at the door, others on other side of room
Exterior Fluorescent
• Use for all exterior lighting
• Reduce energy consumption
by 70+%
• Improved controllability
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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Strategies and Technologies
Electrical Distribution
Lighting Systems
Controls
HVAC
Buildings as a Teaching Tool
Target Finder
CO2 and Occupancy Sensors
• Control HVAC systems• Lighting controls • Outside air Electrical Outlet Control• Why not control top outlet with an
occupancy sensor?• Reduce plug and phantom loads
Daylighting Controls
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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Strategies and Technologies
Electrical Distribution
Lighting Systems
Controls
HVAC
Buildings as a Teaching Tool
Target Finder
Oil Free Chillers – Non CFC• Frictionless; “maintenance free”
• Reduces demand; energy use and costs
• Low Life Cycle Cost
Modular/Condensing Boilers• Improved efficiency
• Matches load with output
Displacement Under-floor Ventilation
• Improved IAQ and reduced energy use
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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Strategies and Technologies
Electrical Distribution
Lighting Systems
Controls
HVAC
Buildings as a Teaching Tool
Target Finder
• Students, Administration, Community
• Increases energy awareness
• Have it interactive– Twenhofel Middle School, KY
• Provides hands on experiences
• Translates technologies and building features to every day life
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“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)Strategies and Technologies
Electrical Distribution
Lighting Systems
Controls
HVAC
Buildings as a Teaching Tool
Target Finder • http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=new_bldg_design.bus_target_finder
• Available for different building types
• Helps establish an energy design goal – Kbtu/SF/Year
• Provides information for providing an energy budget
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“Shading” Your High Performance Design
Determining “Shades of Green”• Degree of incorporation of HP/green design elements• Number of HP/green elements used• Energy efficiency of design – ENERGY STAR• Doing the right thing – taking that first step
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“Shading” Your High Performance Design (cont.)
Light Green• Integrated design • Basic building commissioning• East-west building orientation• North and south facing windows• Fluorescent fixtures and lamps including gym/multipurpose• EMCS system on HVAC • Low VOC paints and mastics • Water source heat pump system with individual room controls • Low-E glazing• Energy efficient transformers• Use of local materials• Lighting design 1.2 watts/SF• Energy modeling
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“Shading” Your High Performance Design (cont.)
Olive Green: Same as light plus or enhanced• Whole building commissioning• Clerestory design for day-lighting plus view glazings – light shelves • Modular condensing boilers • High efficiency chillers• CO2 sensors to control outside air and fan motors• Occupancy sensors to control both HVAC and lighting systems• Daylighting controls • Waterless urinals • Fluorescent exterior lighting • Recycled carpets• Certified lumber and or renewable materials used for case work• Installation of PV system for instruction purposes• Heat recovery system for ventilation air• Highly reflective roofing material • Lighting design <1.1 watts/sf• Daylight modeling
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“Shading” Your High Performance Design (cont.)
Dark Green: Same as olive plus or enhanced• No-water landscaping; enhanced landscaping for shading of building• Rainwater collection for necessary irrigation and flushing of restroom
commodes• Installation of solar hot water pre-heat system for kitchen use• Installation of individual instant hot water heaters where needed• Geo-exchange system for heating and cooling• Pervious pavements• Living machine for treating wastewater on site• Expanded PV system to provide at least 15% of building electrical
needs• Purchase of green power• Lighting design <0.9 watts/sf• Green roof (vegetated)
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Examples of “Shades of Green” Schools
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Examples of “Shades of Green” Schools (cont.)Zack Elementary, Poudre School District, CO
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Examples of “Shades of Green” Schools (cont.)The Dalles Middle School, Columbia River
• T-5 Lights and Sensors• Geo Exchange System• Natural Lighting• Light Tubes• Natural Ventilation• EMS• Light Screens• Light Shelves• 50-60% less Energy
Opened September 2002Capacity: 600LEED Gold
BOORA Architects
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Examples of “Shades of Green” Schools (cont.)Third Creek Elementary School, NC
First LEED GOLD School
Amphibian Garden at Third Creek – Waste water Management
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Third Creek Elementary School, NC
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• Principles of Financing
• Making a Business Case
• Financing Options
• State, Federal and Non-Profit Resources
Co-branded by ASBOEndorsed by NSBA
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Principles of Financing High-Performance Schools
Principle 1. Determine Project Objectives
Principle 2. Avoid Cream Skimming
Principle 3. Identify All Cash Flows
Principle 4. Focus on Life-Cycle Cost Analysis
Principle 5. Select an Effective Cost-Benefit Mechanism
Principle 6. Monitor and Verify Results
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Principle 2. Avoid Cream Skimming
Principles of Financing High-Performance Schools (cont.)
Investing in relatively low-cost projects with quick paybacks undermines efforts to finance more capital-intensive efforts with significant long-term benefits that can leverage those short-term payback.
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In today’s world, operation of
educational buildings should
reflect not only the needs of the
district but also the needs and
goals of the Nation.
Let’s make High-Performance
Buildings leading to Net Zero
Energy Schools one of our goals
in the 21st century.
It’s Not Rocket Science
Conclusion
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Does a HP Building = Energy Efficient Building?
Buildings don’t operate themselves, people do
Energy awareness and proper operations are the keys to success in energy efficient operation
NO!NO!
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Webinar 1
Top 10 No-Cost Ways to Lower Your
School’s Utility Bills
Webinar 2
Top 10 Low-Cost Ways to Lower Your
School's Utility Bills
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Top 10 Investments to Lower Your
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For more information:Emily L. Knupp202-552-1398 (direct) www.usgbc.ogwww.buildgreenschools.org
Sponsored by
December 3, 2008, 1:00 – 2:30 PM EST
January 21, 2009, 1:00 – 2:30 PM EST
Completed
Hosted by
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www.energysmartschools.gov
Margo AppelBuilding Technologies ProgramU.S. Department of Energy(202) [email protected]
Larry SchoffEnergy Efficient Solutions(540) [email protected]
Information, tools and resources available at