sfg1795 v8 public disclosure authorized

The Egyptian Natural Gas Company

Prepared By:

EG-GIZA North Power Project–NaturalGas Lines to Additional Power Plants in

Egypt

Suez Power Station Natural Gas Line

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIALIMPACT ASSESSMENT

October 2016

Final Report

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ESIA study for EG-GIZA North Power Project – Suez Power Station Natural Gas Line

Executive SummaryIntroductionThe proposed project is considered as part of Egypt’s strategy which aims to expand theuse of natural gas as a clean source of energy, a goal that will be achieved throughdelivering natural gas to houses, industrial facilities and power plants. In this regard, theEG-Giza North Power Project was undertaken by the Egyptian Government. Theproject consists of three main components:

Component 1: The Power Plant Component, which is the construction of 2250MW Combined Cycle Gas Turbine power plant;

Component 2: The Construction of transmission lines to connect the powerplant to the national grid

Component 3: The construction of gas pipeline to strengthen the gas supplynetwork to ensure supply gas to power plant.

Component 3 of the project, which involves gas pipeline construction to provide naturalgas to North Giza power station, is implemented by the Egyptian Company for NaturalGas (GASCO) with the assistance of the World Bank. This component and was 96%concluded by the end of 2015.

After conclusion of the procurement of the Bank financed packages, there were stillfinancial savings from the project that can be utilized by the Government of Egypt. Inthis regard, the World Bank received formal request from the government of Egypt toutilize these savings to procure pipelines required for upgrading the natural gas networkand connecting to new and existing power plants.

As the objective of the new gas pipelines connections to the existing and new powerstations is to improve the security and efficiency of electricity supply, the additionalproposed scope by the Egyptian government is considered to be fully in-line with theoriginal project objectives.

The proposed pipelines will also be implemented by GASCO and are composed of 9pipelines, namely:

1. New Capital - Dahshour gas pipeline (70 km)2. Dahshour – El Wasta gas pipeline (65 km)3. El Wasta – Beni Suef gas pipeline (65 km) + gas decompression station (in Beni

Suef Power Station)4. Sixth of October Power Station (400 meters) + gas decompression station (in 6th

of October power station)5. El Gamel – Damietta gas pipeline (50 km)

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6. El Suez Power Station (3 km) + gas decomposition station (in Suez ThermalPower Station)

7. Soumid import gas pipeline (4 km)8. El Mahmoudiya Power Station (27 km + 17 km + 7 km) + gas decompression

station (in Mahmoudiya Power Station)9. Damanhour Power Station (2.5 km) + gas decompression station (in Damanhour

Power Station)

Approach to StudyThe preparation of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment is done accordingto the following approach:

Review of the available information and documents regarding the project; Reviewing national and international legislations and regulations relevant to the

project, including the required governmental permits; Conducting site visits to the project site, to collect the baseline data regarding the

current environmental and social situation; Holding a Scoping Session (first public consultation) to engage the community

and different stakeholders in the process of identifying the expected impacts; Assessing the potential environmental and social impacts associated with

proposed project activities; Developing an outline for the environmental and social management plan for the

mitigation of the expected negative impacts and the monitoring activities toensure compliance with the relevant environmental laws;

Holding a Public Consultation Session based on the updated ESIA and RAPstudies;

Finalizing and submitting the ESIA and RAP studies.

Project Description

Pipeline RouteThe pipeline which is the focus of the study is El Suez Thermal Power Station pipeline inaddition to the pressure reduction station inside the power station. The pipeline aims atsupplying Natural Gas to Suez Thermal Power Station.

The planned pipeline is located at the western zone of El Suez governorate. The pipelineroute will start at the valves room at Raas Bakr 16” pipeline and it extends 500 meters tothe east to cross with a railway. After that, it extends 1.2 Km to the south parallel to astorm water drain to cross Salah Nessim road, and then it extends 700 meters to the eastagain along the gulf and the residential colony of El Suez Petroleum Company. Thepipeline continues this path till it reaches the pressure reduction station inside Suezthermal power station with a total length of 3 Km.

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In total, there are two main crossings; one with the railway and the other with SalahNessim road. Along the whole route, the pipeline will be located underground.

Construction PhaseThe project will be carried out by a contractor under GASCO’s supervision and control.It is expected that the engineering, procurement and construction phase will collectivelytake about 24 months. The following activities will be conducted in the constructionphase:

• Right of Way activities.• Pipe transportation and storage.• Trenching.• Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) or boring for the road crossings• Welding and inspection.• Coating and inspection• Wrapping of joints.• Ditching.• Installation of valves.• Tie-ins• Laying fiber-optic cables• Backfilling.• Pigging.• Hydrostatic test.• Dewatering.• Purging & commissioning.• Manufacturing and fittings for valves rooms (including civil, mechanical, and

electric components).

Operation PhaseThe operation phase is normally functioned through the central control unit through theSCADA system. Normal maintenance and monitoring work will be performed includingpatrolling to leakages and potential hazards detection. In case of leak detection, ordamage in parts of the pipeline, the damaged part will be isolated and the necessaryaction will be taken according to the emergency response plan of GASCO.

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Project AlternativesThe main target of the proposed project is to increase the natural gas supply to SuezThermal Power Plant, in order to help meet the growing national demand. In case ofhaving “No Action”, Mazout (heavy fuel oil) or Diesel can be used to compensate thisshortage despite that there will be more polluting air emissions in case of transporting itthrough vehicles, and even during its burning. In addition, since there is a local shortagein supplying Mazout and Diesel, it will be mainly imported, and accordingly increase theload on the national budget especially regarding the current foreign currency problems.Hence, the “No Action” alternative is not accepted.

Several alternatives were considered for the route of the line, with the aim of avoiding asmuch as possible, any residential areas with sensitive receptors, and major crossings ofboth roads and waterways. Accordingly, the prioritization of certain pipeline route fromthe environmental and social perspectives focus on shortening the pipeline length andminimizing the associated expected social and environmental impacts.

The choice of the pipeline route put into consideration some technical aspects set byGASCO including facilitating the accessibility of equipment, vehicles and personnel tothe pipeline site during the construction and maintenance activities by placing the path asmuch as possible near to paved roads.

The pipeline has a specified start point and end point, and due to the small length of thisparticular pipeline, there are no much routing alternatives available. The path was chosenfor the purpose of facilitating the implementation of pipelines’ welding during theconstruction activities as the welding process needs additional clearness space of 500 m.In addition, the chosen path does not intersect with any existing residential buildings.

Thus, the chosen pipeline route achieves the environmental and social targets, and at thesame time aligns with GASCO’s strategy which aims at choosing routes alreadycontaining existing infrastructure and minimizing intersection with residential areas.

Positive Environmental and Social ImpactsImplementation of the proposed project is expected to lead to a number of positivesocial and economic benefits, for example:

The project is expected to result in the creation of job opportunities in theconstruction phase, both directly and indirectly;

Support the expansion of power generation projects; Expanding power generation will dramatically enhance the national electricity

grid; Expanding the natural gas network will positively provide an energy source to

local industries which will indirectly create job opportunities; Variation of the energy mix in order to reduce the dependency on imported fuel;

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Environmental Impact Rating Summary

Table 0-1–Environmental Impact Rating SummaryPhase Impact category Impact Rating

Low Medium HighConstruction Air Quality ×

Aquatic Environment ×Noise ×Ecological systems ×Land use ×Soil ×Traffic ×Archaeological Sites ×Natural disasters ×Hazards ×Waste disposal ×Public health ×Health and safety ×Existing infrastructure ×

Operation Air Quality ×Aquatic Environment ×Noise ×Ecological systems ×Land use ×Soil ×Traffic ×Archaeological Sites ×Natural disasters ×Hazards ×Waste disposal ×Public health ×Health and safety ×Existing infrastructure ×

Main Construction ImpactsThe main impacts expected during the project construction are as follows

1. Dust emissions during the construction phase due to the on-site activities (sitepreparation, excavation, etc)

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2. The aquatic and marine environments can be impacted in case of improper disposalof construction wastes or debris in the storm drainage or the costal line, and in caseof improper disposal of water resulting from hydrostatic testing.

3. Increase in noise level resulting from the construction equipment, and otherexcavation and construction works.

4. The possibility of affecting the existing infrastructure such as water and wastewaternetworks pipes, telephone connections.. etc. during the construction activities

5. Management of the different types of waste including domestic, hazardous andconstruction waste, such as Soil, Concrete, Welding belts, used oils, starting fromtheir storage onsite until the final disposal.

6. Occupational Health and Safety aspects7. Natural disasters that might lead to delays in the work schedule8. Traffic impacts due to the increase in the number of trucks transporting construction

materials and equipment to the site.9. Effect on land use due to the excavation activities during the construction phase, and

also at road crossings with the pipeline path.

Main Operational ImpactsWhile the main impacts expected during operation are:

1. In case of pipeline failure due to maintenance activities, accidents, sabotage ortrespass, this may lead to release of a significant amount of natural gas will causemajor risks and to the surrounding communities and the environment.

2. Natural disasters might lead pipeline failure and accordingly to the release ofnatural gas, which will cause major risks to the surrounding communities and theenvironment.

Social Impacts

During Construction

1. Impacts related to disturbance for the residents of Suez Petroleum ProcessingCompany and Salah Nessim Vocational School.

2. Traffic congestion as a result of the construction works especially that SalahNessim road is a vital road for heavy trucks. Traversing Salah Nessim Road willbe conducted via HDD technology to avoid nuisance to the local community.

During Operation

1. The possibility of a gas leakage or the occurrence of fires, which could affect theresidents in the area, is a concern.

2. Impacts related to the easement of the RoW: potential expansion of theresidential area close to the pipe line routes. Findings of the field work indicated

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that the community members were worried that there may be potential urbanexpansion at the area where the route will be passing.

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Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plan (ESMP)The following Tables show the ESMP outline for the proposed pipeline during the construction and operation phases.

The general implementation and supervision cost for all the proposed mitigation measures will be approximately 13,000 EGP/month.Additional costs will be stated for some mitigation measures.

Table 0-2 -Mitigation Measures and their Responsibility during Construction and Operation PhasePotentialEnvironmental Impact

Proposed MitigationMeasures

Responsibility ofMitigation

Responsibility ofdirect supervision

Estimated Cost

Construction PhaseAir emissions Implementation of regular

maintenance schedule formachinery

Ensuring that vehicles andequipment will not be leftrunning unnecessarily toreduce gaseous and exhaustemissions from dieselengines

Contractor GASCO HSE sitesupervisor

GeneralImplementation/supervisioncost: 13000 EGP/month

Dust Emissions Water spraying beforeexcavation, filling, loadingand unloading

Spraying of stockpiles,storage in covered areas

Using paved routes to access


General Implementation/supervision cost

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PotentialEnvironmental Impact




Estimated Cost

the site wherever possible. Sheeting of Lorries

transporting friableconstruction materials

Ensuring transportation ofconstruction waste by alicensed contractor

Minimizing drop heights formaterial transfer activitiessuch as unloading of friablematerials

Risk of damaging existinginfrastructure

Consult maps beforeexcavation work

Use of trial pits Analysis of accidents logs If a line break occurs, the

nearest police departmentand the correspondingauthority shall be informedto repair the damaged line


GeneralImplementation/supervision cost

Cost of infrastructuredamage will varyaccording to the type ofdamage. The cost will becharged on thecontractor.

Solid, Construction andhazardous waste

Identification and use ofapproved nearby disposal


Hazardous WasteDisposal: 3500

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Estimated Cost

generation sites through local authority On-site segregation of

wastes according to theirtypes

Designation and use ofappropriate stockpilinglocations on site

Covering waste stockpilesto avoid ambient airpollution

Daily hauling of waste todisposal site in coveredtrucks

Activities involving fueling,lubricating or addingchemicals will not takeplace on-site (unless it isnecessary) to avoid soilpollution and generation ofadditional hazardous wastes

Containers of usedchemicals and oil will becollected and disposed inan approved hazardous

EGP/ton +transportation cost


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Estimated Cost

wastes facility The hazardous liquid waste

will be collected in specificdrums and transferred byauthorized companies

Noise Minimize the time ofexposure of workers tonoise

Ensuring the use of earplugs in the field

Training all the workersbefore the commencementof construction activitiesabout this hazard and howto avoid it

Construction activities willbe minimized during nightso as not to disturb thesurroundings

All machines and vehiclesshould be shut-off whennot used



Traffic Congestion Using signs for drivers Contractor GASCO HSE site General Implementation/

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Estimated Cost

before the commencementof any constructionactivities to inform driversand ensure the safety ofthe roads

Planning alternative routeswhen roads are obstructed

Choosing a location fortemporary storage ofconstruction materials,equipment, tools, wastesand machinery beforeconstruction so as not tocause further trafficdisruptions

Avoiding constructionwork at the traffic peaktimes whenever possible

Prohibiting uncontrolledoff road driving

supervisor supervision cost

Water bodies/Wastewatergeneration

Acquire discharge permitsfrom sewage/irrigationauthority



Sampling cost: 6500

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Estimated Cost

Liquid waste generatedsuch as chemicals andsewage should be collectedin suitable tanks

The water resulting fromthe hydrostatic test of thepipeline should be testedbefore being discharged ina water body or betransported directly to thenearest water treatmentplant. Prior coordinationwith the Ministry of WaterResources and Irrigationand the Holding Companyfor water and wastewater(MWRI) is necessary.

EGP/ sample

Hazards and Accidents An emergencypreparedness responseplan, which is alreadyprepared by GASCO, willbe in place to giveinstructions about theidentification of the

GASCO HSEdepartment

GASCO Headquarters GASCO management cost(General Implementation/supervision cost)

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Estimated Cost

potential occurrence ofaccidents and emergencysituations that may occurduring the pipelineconstruction and how torespond to them to reducethe risks and impacts thatmay be associated withthese emergency situations

Land Use Restoring the land to itsoriginal condition at theend of the constructionphase.

Hazardous liquids have tobe handled carefully inorder to avoid the spillingor leaks to the ground

Contractor GASCO Headquarters General Implementation/supervision cost

Occupational Health andSafety

Ensure the adequateimplementation ofoccupational health andsafety provisions on-sitesuch as providing thepersonal protectiveequipment (PPE) to the

Contractor GASCOHSE sitesupervisor

Training Cost: 6000EGP/training program


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Estimated Cost

workers. The site should be provided

by all the protective andsafety requirementsstipulated by labor laws andoccupational health.

Operation PhaseHazards and Accidents Scheduled patrolling

activities, inspection andpreventive maintenanceactivities

Inspection will include anyactivities that couldpotentially lead to damagein the pipeline

In case of emergency, thesource of the leak will beisolated until themaintenance teamperforms the requiredmaintenance

Signs will be posted over thepipeline path showing thenumbers to be called in case

HSE department atGASCO (on-site section)

HSE department atGASCO (central unitand administration)

GASCO management cost

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Estimated Cost

of emergency

Table 0-3 -Environmental Monitoring during Construction and Operation PhasesImpact Monitoring

IndicatorsResponsibility forimplementation

Supervision Frequency/Duration

Location Methods Estimated Cost

Construction Phase

Air emissions Inspection ofvehicle andmachinerymaintenanceschedule

Contractor GASCOEnvironmentalOfficer

Quarterly Documentation office

Review ofschedule

13000EGP/month forGeneralimplementationand supervisioncost

Exhaustemissionsconcentrationsfrom dieselgenerators

Contractor (viathird party)

GASCOEnvironmentalOfficer

Once beforeconstructioncommencement,then quarterlyfor each vehicle

Vehiclemaintenancesite

Sampling ofexhaustemissions

10000 EGP/sample

DustEmissions

Inspection oftheconstruction

Contractor GASCOEnvironmental

Daily Construction site

Site observation Generalimplementationand supervision

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Impact MonitoringIndicators

Responsibility forimplementation



activities Officer cost

Risk ofdamagingexistinginfrastructure

Frequency andlocation ofdamageincidents


Monthly Documentation office

Documentationin the monthlyHSE reportsand accidentslogs

GeneralImplementation/ supervisioncost

Cost ofinfrastructuredamage willvary accordingto the type ofdamage. Thecost will becharged on thecontractor.

Solid,Constructionandhazardouswastegeneration

Use of on-siteallocatedstockpilelocations


Weekly Construction site

Site observation GeneralImplementation/supervision cost

On-sitesegregation of


Daily Constructio Site observation GeneralImplementation/

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hazardouswastecomponentsfromconstructionwastes andother non-hazardouswastes

Officer n site supervision cost

Quantities andtypes of wastegenerated



Recording ofdailytransportationstatistics andrecords fromthe wastedisposal sites

hazardous wastedisposal: 3500EGP/ton+transportationcost

Noise Sound intensitylevels andexposuredurations



Quarterly, atleast onemeasurementper contractor/subcontractor

Construction site

Noiserecording,reporting inmonthlyreports


Sampling Cost:5000 EGP/

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sample

Complaintsfromneighboringresidents


Quarterly Construction site

Assessment ofthe filedcomplaints


Use of earmuffsby Constructionworkers




TrafficCongestion

Trafficcongestions



Obstructedroadsobservation


Complaintsfromneighboring/affectedresidents



Assessment ofthe filedcomplaints


Appropriateimplementationof themitigations


Monthly Construction site


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measuresagreed uponwith thecontractor

Waterbodies/Wastewatergeneration

Oily appearanceor smell ofwastewaterstreams

Samples to testwastewaterwhich will bedischarged (pHodour, TSS,COD, BOD,Oil &Grease…etc)


Continuousduringconstruction andhydrostatictesting

Construction site

Site observationand chemicalanalysis

6500EGP/sample


WastewaterAnalysis

Samples to testwastewater



Beforedischarging thewastewater

Construction site

Chemicalanalysis

6500EGP/sample

GeneralImplementation/ supervision

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which will bedischarged (pHodour, TSS,COD, BOD,Oil &Grease…etc)

cost

Soil / LandUse

Recording anyspills orleakagesincidents andperiodicallyanalyzing thesedata.


Upon detectionof any spillageor leakageincidence

Construction site


Surveying ofstructural statusof buildings andperforming soilinvestigations



Yearly, ifnecessary

Structuralconsultancyfirm for theaffected site(if any)

Structuralconsultancyfirm


The pipelineroute should berevisited and


GASCOEnvironmental

After end ofconstruction

Construction site

Siteinvestigation

GeneralImplementation/

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investigated atthe end of theconstructionphase to ensurethat the landhas beenrestored to itsoriginalconditionsbefore theproject

Officer supervision cost

OccupationalHealth andSafety

PPEs, first aidkits, emergencyplans, fire-fightingequipment,….etc.



Observation GeneralImplementation/ supervisioncost

Training Cost:6000EGP/trainingprogram

Operation Phase

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Hazards andAccidents

Patrollingreports for thepipeline

GASCOinspectionDepartment in thepipeline’s area

GASCOinspectionDepartment inthe head office

2 weeks,(According topipeline ClassTable )

Pipelineroute

Patrollingschedule

GASCOManagementcost

Regularinspection andmaintenance

GASCOmaintenanceDepartment in thepipeline’s area


Quarterly(According tothe inspectionand maintenancetime plan)

Pipelineroute

Inspection andmaintenancetime plan

GASCOManagementcost

Leakage surveyand pipelinepressureparameters(throughSCADAsystem)

GASCOinspectiondepartment/GASCO operationdepartment in thepipeline’s area

GASCOinspectionDepartment/GASCOoperationdepartment inthe head office

2 weeks, 1month or 6months(According tothe leakagesurveyschedule)/continuousmonitoring

Pipelineroute anddocumentation office

Leakage SurveySchedule/operational log

GASCOManagementcost

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Table of ContentsEXECUTIVE SUMMARY _______________________________________________________________ 2

INTRODUCTION ____________________________________________________________________ 2APPROACH TO STUDY _________________________________________________________________ 3PROJECT DESCRIPTION ________________________________________________________________ 3

Pipeline Route _________________________________________________________________ 3Construction Phase______________________________________________________________ 4Operation Phase________________________________________________________________ 4

PROJECT ALTERNATIVES _______________________________________________________________ 5POSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS ______________________________________________ 5ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT RATING SUMMARY_________________________________________________ 6

Main Construction Impacts _______________________________________________________ 6Main Operational Impacts ________________________________________________________ 7

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN (ESMP)_________________________ 9

TABLE OF CONTENTS ________________________________________________________________ 25

LIST OF TABLES ____________________________________________________________________ 29

LIST OF FIGURES ___________________________________________________________________ 31

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS _____________________________________________________________ 34

1 INTRODUCTION_____________________________________________________________ 37

1.1 BACKGROUND _______________________________________________________________ 371.2 PROJECT OVERVIEW ___________________________________________________________ 381.3 STUDY APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY______________________________________________ 39

1.3.1 Approach to the Study _________________________________________________ 391.3.2 Study Methodology ___________________________________________________ 391.3.3 Data Collection Methodology ___________________________________________ 401.3.4 Stakeholders’ Consultations _____________________________________________ 41

2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION _______________________________________________________ 43

2.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND _________________________________________________________ 432.2 PROJECT COMPONENTS _________________________________________________________ 43

2.2.1 Pipeline Route________________________________________________________ 432.2.2 Sensitive Receptors____________________________________________________ 442.2.3 Pipeline Specifications _________________________________________________ 492.2.4 Pipeline Design Considerations __________________________________________ 492.2.5 Valve Room__________________________________________________________ 502.2.6 Pressure Reduction Station _____________________________________________ 50

2.3 ACTIVITIES OF CONSTRUCTION PHASE _______________________________________________ 502.3.1 Right of Way Activities _________________________________________________ 522.3.2 Ditching_____________________________________________________________ 532.3.3 Pipe Laying and Trench Backfilling________________________________________ 582.3.4 Hydrostatic Testing____________________________________________________ 582.3.5 Dewatering __________________________________________________________ 592.3.6 Magnetic Cleaning and Geometric Pigging _________________________________ 592.3.7 Purging and Commissioning_____________________________________________ 592.3.8 Pipeline Crossings _____________________________________________________ 592.3.9 Construction work in the valve room ______________________________________ 64

2.4 ACTIVITIES OF OPERATIONAL PHASE ________________________________________________ 642.4.1 Pipeline Patrolling_____________________________________________________ 652.4.2 Leakage Survey _______________________________________________________ 66

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2.4.3 SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System) ____________________ 662.5 RESOURCES CONSUMPTION ______________________________________________________ 66

2.5.1 During Construction Phase ______________________________________________ 662.5.2 During Operation Phase ________________________________________________ 66

2.6 WASTE GENERATION __________________________________________________________ 672.6.1 During Construction Phase ______________________________________________ 672.6.2 During Operation Phase ________________________________________________ 67

2.7 THE EXPECTED TIMELINE OF THE PROJECT EXECUTION ____________________________________ 67

3 LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ___________________________________ 68

3.1 PREFACE ___________________________________________________________________ 683.2 ESIA NATIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK ________________________________ 683.3 APPLICABLE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL LEGISLATIONS IN EGYPT ___________________________ 70

3.3.1 Environmental Law 4/1994 (amended by 9/2009 and 15/2015) ________________ 703.3.2 Waste Management Regulations ________________________________________ 733.3.3 Wastewater Management Regulations____________________________________ 753.3.4 EEAA ESIA guidelines related to the Public Consultation ______________________ 763.3.5 Work Environment and Occupational Health and Safety ______________________ 763.3.6 Petroleum pipelines Law 4/1988 _________________________________________ 773.3.7 Traffic Related Laws ___________________________________________________ 783.3.8 Relevant international treaties to which Egypt is a signatory __________________ 78

3.4 WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES ________________________________________________ 793.4.1 OP 4.01 – Environmental Assessment _____________________________________ 803.4.2 OP 4.11 – Physical Cultural Resources _____________________________________ 803.4.3 OP 4.12 – Involuntary Resettlement ______________________________________ 803.4.4 OP 17.50 – Disclosure __________________________________________________ 81

3.5 GAP ANALYSIS FOR KEY EGYPTIAN AND WB ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES __________________________ 813.5.1 Air Quality ___________________________________________________________ 813.5.2 Water Quality ________________________________________________________ 823.5.3 Noise _______________________________________________________________ 84

4 BASELINE DESCRIPTION ______________________________________________________ 87

4.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ________________________________________________ 874.1.1 Site- Location ________________________________________________________ 874.1.2 Geological characteristics ______________________________________________ 894.1.3 Terrain and Topography________________________________________________ 914.1.4 Soil ________________________________________________________________ 924.1.5 Hydrology ___________________________________________________________ 934.1.6 Meteorological Characteristics __________________________________________ 934.1.7 Existing Infrastructure _________________________________________________ 984.1.8 Natural Disasters _____________________________________________________ 984.1.9 Traffic _____________________________________________________________ 1014.1.10 Ambient Air Quality __________________________________________________ 1034.1.11 Noise ______________________________________________________________ 1084.1.12 Water: Availability and Quality _________________________________________ 1094.1.13 Site Visit Findings ____________________________________________________ 1104.1.14 Ecology and Biodiversity_______________________________________________ 113

5 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS _______________________________________ 126

5.1 POSITIVE IMPACTS ___________________________________________________________ 1265.1.1 During the construction phase __________________________________________ 1265.1.2 During the operation phase ____________________________________________ 127

5.2 NEGATIVE IMPACTS___________________________________________________________ 1275.2.1 Potential Negative Impacts during Construction - Environmental Impacts _______ 127

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5.2.2 Potential Negative Impacts during Operation______________________________ 1325.2.3 Summary of the expected environmental impacts during the construction andoperation phases of the project__________________________________________________ 136

5.3 IMPACTS SIGNIFICANCE RANKING _________________________________________________ 1375.3.1 Ranking Methodology ________________________________________________ 1375.3.2 Determination of Significant Impacts during the Project Construction __________ 1385.3.3 Determination of Major Impacts during Project Operation ___________________ 138

6 ALTERNATIVES ____________________________________________________________ 140

6.1 THE “NO ACTION” ALTERNATIVE _________________________________________________ 1406.2 PIPELINE INSTALLATION TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVES ____________________________________ 140

6.2.1 Trenchless Technologies_______________________________________________ 1406.2.2 Open-Cut Method ____________________________________________________ 141

6.3 ROUTING ALTERNATIVES _______________________________________________________ 141

7 MITIGATION MEASURES ____________________________________________________ 143

7.1 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE ________________________ 1437.1.1 Proposed Mitigation Measures for Dust Emissions __________________________ 1437.1.2 Proposed Mitigation Measures for Gaseous Emissions ______________________ 1437.1.3 Proposed Mitigation Measures for Solid, Construction and Hazardous WasteGeneration _______________________________________________________________ 1437.1.4 Proposed Mitigation Measures for Land Use ______________________________ 1457.1.5 Damage to Existing Infrastructure _______________________________________ 1457.1.6 Noise ______________________________________________________________ 1467.1.7 Management of Traffic Disruptions______________________________________ 1467.1.8 Mitigation Measures for the Impacts of Water Bodies/Wastewater generation __ 1477.1.9 Occupational Health and Safety ________________________________________ 1477.1.10 Mitigation Measures for Hazards and Accidents ___________________________ 1477.1.11 Management of Street Restoration after asphalt breaking _____Error! Bookmark notdefined.7.1.12 Management of Community health and safety ____________________________ 1477.1.13 Management of grievances (Environmental and Social Grievance RedressMechanisms) _______________________________________________________________ 148

7.2 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR IMPACTS DURING OPERATION PHASE___________________________ 1517.2.1 Mitigation Measures for Hazards and Accidents ___________________________ 1517.2.2 Energy Use _________________________________________________________ 1537.2.3 Community health and safety __________________________________________ 153

8 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN (ESMMP) ____ 154

8.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE ESM&MP___________________________________________________ 1548.2 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR IMPLEMENTATION ____________________________________ 154

8.2.1 Environmental Management Structure of Implementing Agency ______________ 1558.2.2 Social Management Structure of Implementing Agency______________________ 159

8.3 MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING ACTIVITIES DURING THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE________________ 1618.3.1 Management of Air Quality ____________________________________________ 1618.3.2 Management of Solid, Construction and Hazardous Waste Generation _________ 1618.3.3 Management of Land Use _____________________________________________ 1618.3.4 Management of Possible Risk on Damaging the Existing Infrastructure _________ 1628.3.5 Management of Noise Production _______________________________________ 1628.3.6 Management of Traffic Congestion ______________________________________ 1628.3.7 Management for Occupational Health and Safety __________________________ 1628.3.8 Management of Water Bodies/Wastewater Generation _____________________ 1628.3.9 Monitoring Activities Table ____________________________________________ 162

8.4 MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING ACTIVITIES DURING THE OPERATION PHASE __________________ 179

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8.4.1 Management of Hazards and Accidents __________________________________ 1798.4.2 Monitoring Activities Table ____________________________________________ 180

9 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT AND PUBLIC CONSULTATION _______________________ 183

9.1 DEFINING RELEVANT STAKEHOLDERS _______________________________________________ 1839.2 CONSULTATION METHODOLOGY AND ACTIVITIES _______________________________________ 1859.3 SCOPING SESSION EVENT _______________________________________________________ 1869.4 SCOPING SESSION DISCLOSURE ACTIVITIES____________________________________________ 1939.5 PUBLIC CONSULTATION EVENT ___________________________________________________ 1959.6 PUBLIC CONSULTATION DISCLOSURE ACTIVITIES ________________________________________ 200

REFERENCES ___________________________________________________________________ 202

10 ANNEXES _________________________________________________________________ 204

ANNEX 1: PIPELINE ROUTE MAP _______________________________________________________ 204ANNEX 2: PRESSURE REDUCTION STATION DESCRIPTION _______________________________________ 205ANNEX 3: GOVERNMENTAL APPROVALS __________________________________________________ 206ANNEX 4: TIMELINE PLAN OF THE PROJECT ________________________________________________ 207ANNEX 5: BASELINE MEASUREMENTS ____________________________________________________ 209ANNEX 6: TRAFFIC STUDY ____________________________________________________________ 210ANNEX 7: EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN __________________________________________________ 211ANNEX 8: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN ______________________________________________ 212ANNEX 9: GRIEVANCE FORM __________________________________________________________ 213ANNEX 10: SCOPING SESSION PARTICIPANTS LIST ____________________________________________ 214ANNEX 11: PUBLIC CONSULTATION PARTICIPANTS LIST ________________________________________ 218ANNEX 12: APPLYING THE RATING MATRIX METHOD TO ASSESS THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IN THE CONSTRUCTIONAND OPERATION PHASES_____________________________________________________________ 221

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List of TablesTable 1 – Environmental Impact Rating Summary ..................................................................6

Table 2 - Mitigation Measures and their Responsibility during Construction andOperation Phase .............................................................................................................................9

Table 3 - Environmental Monitoring during Construction and Operation Phases ...........17

Table 1-1 - Stakeholder's Analysis of the project ....................................................................41

Table 2-1 - List of equipment that shall be used during Construction ................................51

Table 2-2 - General natural gas composition of the national network ................................64

Table 2-3 - Location class as defined by GASCO...................................................................65

Table 3-1 - Maximum limits of outdoor air pollutants (Annex 5 of the ExecutiveRegulations amended in 2012) ...................................................................................................71

Table 3-2 - Allowable emission levels from asphalt mixing units (Table 12 of Annex 6 ofthe Executive Regulations amended in 2012) ..........................................................................72

Table 3-3 - Maximum allowable emissions from vehicles that operate using gasoline fuel(Table 23 of Annex 6 of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012) ..............................72

Table 3-4 - Maximum allowable emissions from vehicles that operate using diesel fuel(Table 24 of Annex 6 of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012) ..............................72

Table 3-5 - Maximum permissible noise level limits for the project area (from Annex 7 ofthe Executive Regulations, Table 3) ..........................................................................................73

Table 3-6 - Standards and specifications of wastewater discharged to public sewagesystem (Article 14 of the ER of Law 93/1962) .......................................................................75

Table 3-7 - Permissible noise levels inside sites of productive activities (Table 1, Annex 7of the Executive Regulations) ....................................................................................................76

Table 3-8 - Maximum permissible exposure to heavy hammers (Table 2, Annex 7 ofExecutive Regulations) ................................................................................................................77

Table 3-9 - World Bank safeguard operational policies and their applicability to theproject ............................................................................................................................................79

Table 3-10 - Ambient Air Quality limits in the Egyptian legislations and WB standards .81

Table 3-11 - Egyptian legislations and WB standards concerning Water Quality ..............82

Table 3-12 - Limits for discharge of liquid effluent into sewer system................................83

Table 3-13 - Egyptian legislations and WB standards concerning ambient Noise.............84

Table 3-14 - Limits for ambient noise as per Egyptian and WB requirements ..................84

Table 3-15 - Limits noise exposure in Work environments as per Egyptian and WBrequirements .................................................................................................................................85

Table 4-1 - Monthly Mean Values of Temperature ................................................................94

Table 4-2 - Monthly Mean Values of Relative Humidity in Suez .........................................95

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Table 4-3 - Monthly Mean Values of Precipitation.................................................................95

Table 4-4 - Monthly Mean Values of Wind Speed..................................................................96

Table 4-5 - Characteristics of Suez/Hurghada Road........................................................... 101

Table 4-6 - Geometric Characteristics of Main Regional Highways ................................. 102

Table 4-7 - Annual Average Concentrations of NO2 and SO2 at Suez Governorate ... 106

Table 4-8 - Air Measurements’ Location ............................................................................... 107

Table 4-9 - One hour average results (µg/m3) ..................................................................... 107

Table 4-10 - Ambient Noise Levels Readings at day ........................................................... 108

Table 4-11 - Ambient Noise Levels Readings at night ........................................................ 108

Table 4-12 - Red List Species of Egypt.................................................................................. 114

Table 4-13 - Common Bird Species in Suez Governorate.................................................. 118

Table 4-14 - Common Mammal Species in Suez Governorate.......................................... 121

Table 5-1 - Summary of the expected environmental impacts during the construction andoperation phases of the project............................................................................................... 136

Table 5-2 - Scale used in Severity and Frequency Ranking of Impacts............................. 137

Table 7-1 - Pipelines Class and Patrolling Frequency.......................................................... 151

Table 8-1 - Mitigation measures and their responsibility during construction phase ..... 163

Table 8-2 - Environmental Monitoring during Construction............................................. 172

Table 8-3 - Mitigation measures and their responsibility during operation phase........... 181

Table 8-4 - Environmental Monitoring and Management Plan During Operation Phase..................................................................................................................................................... 182

Table 9-1 - Main stakeholders identified for the .................................................................. 184

Table 9-2 - Distribution of Participants by Profession ....................................................... 187

Table 9-3 - Key comments and concerns raised during the Scooping SessionConsultations ............................................................................................................................. 191

Table 9-4 - Distribution of Participants by profession........................................................ 196

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List of FiguresFigure 1-1 - Methodology for Description of the Social Baseline ........................................41

Figure 2-1 - El Suez pipeline location and route .....................................................................43

Figure 2-2 - The plot designated for the valve rooms ............................................................44

Figure 2-3 - The closest housing area to the route of the pipeline (about 500 m) .............44

Figure 2-4 - Another housing area about 1 km from the route ............................................45

Figure 2-5 - Route will be passing under the railway line.......................................................45

Figure 2-6 - The route will traverse under Salah Nessim Road (main road connectingoutside Suez) .................................................................................................................................46

Figure 2-7 - Stormwater drain ....................................................................................................46

Figure 2-8 - Route of the pipeline close to Suez Petroleum Processing Company............47

Figure 2-9 - The line will pass along the beach area in front of Suez Petroleum ProcessingCompany Housing Area..............................................................................................................47

Figure 2-10 - The line passes the recreational area of the housing compound ..................48

Figure 2-11 - Recreational area at the Suez Petroleum Processing Company housingcompound .....................................................................................................................................48

Figure 2-12 - The line reaches Suez Thermal Power Station – Final Destination..............49

Figure 2-13 - Ditching in various types of soil ........................................................................54

Figure 2-14 - Excavation required in case of having other infrastructure line/cable abovethe proposed NG pipeline ..........................................................................................................56

Figure 2-15 - Excavation required in case of having other infrastructure line/cable belowthe proposed NG pipeline ..........................................................................................................57

Figure 2-16 - Auger Boring.........................................................................................................61

Figure 2-17 - Pilot hole drilling stage in HDD technique......................................................63

Figure 2-18 - Pre-Reaming stage in HDD technique .............................................................63

Figure 2-19 - Pipeline pullback stage in HDD technique ......................................................64

Figure 4-1 - Suez Governorate location ...................................................................................88

Figure 4-2 - Surface Geologic Map of the Central Eastern Margin of Suez .......................89

Figure 4-3 - Topography of the surrounding area...................................................................92

Figure 4-4: Soil classification ......................................................................................................93

Figure 4-5 - Wind rose for Suez region ....................................................................................97

Figure 4-6 - Suez Gulf Cracks’ location....................................................................................99

Figure 4-7 - Epicenter location in Egypt ............................................................................... 100

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Figure 4-8 - Main drainage basins in the region ................................................................... 101

Figure 4-9 - Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) for Suez / Hurghada Road during(2000 – 2007) ............................................................................................................................. 102

Figure 4-10 - Average annual daily traffic on regional roads during 1997-2007.............. 103

Figure 4-11 - SO2 (ug/m3) average levels in Suez Districts, 24-hour measurements...... 104

Figure 4-12 - NO2 (ug/m3) average levels in Suez Districts, 24-hour measurements..... 104

Figure 4-13 - PM10 (ug/m3) average levels in Suez Districts, 24-hour measurements .... 105

Figure 4-14 - TSP (ug/m3) average levels in Suez Districts, 24-hour measurements ..... 105

Figure 4-15 - Air Measurement Location (Salah Nassim School)...................................... 107

Figure 4-16 - changes in Suez gulf water levels throughout the year ................................ 110

Figure 4-17- Location Map...................................................................................................... 111

Figure 4-18 - Location 1 Valve room location ..................................................................... 111

Figure 4-19 - Location 2 Storm drainage and Salah Nesim School ................................... 112

Figure 4-20 - Location 3: Pipeline path along shoreline, parallel to residential area ....... 112

Figure 4-21 - Location 4 End of Pipeline.............................................................................. 113

Figure 4-22 - Main routes for migratory birds ...................................................................... 114

Figure 4-23 - Left: Bubulcus ibis, Right: Clanga clanga....................................................... 119

Figure 4-24 -: Important Bird Areas of Egypt ...................................................................... 120

Figure 4-25 - House Crow ....................................................................................................... 121

Figure 4-26 - Left: Lepus capensis, Right: Vulpus vulpus................................................... 122

Figure 4-27 - Top Left: Juncus Rigidus, Top right: Archrocnemum Macrostachyum,Bottom: Nitraria Retusa ........................................................................................................... 124

Figure 4-28 Protected Areas of Egypt ................................................................................... 125

Figure 7-1 - Description of the Grievance and Redress MechanismError! Bookmark notdefined.Figure 8-1 - Organizational chart for Environmental Protection Department in GASCO..................................................................................................................................................... 155

Figure 8-2 - OHSE Department positions and person-power........................................... 157

Figure 8-3 - GASCO OHSE organizational chart ............................................................... 158

Figure 9-1 - EGAS Assistant Vice President introducing the public consultation session..................................................................................................................................................... 185

Figure 9-2 - Presenting the routes of the gas pipelines ....................................................... 186

Figure 9-1 - Advertisement published in El Gomhoria newspaper ................................. 187

Figure 9-2 – The speakers panel during the scoping session.............................................. 189

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Figure 9-3 - the panel................................................................................................................ 190

Figure 9-4 - Eng. Ibrahim Mahmoud presents the project................................................. 190

Figure 9-5 - Social impact assessment.................................................................................... 190

Figure 9-6 - Participants ........................................................................................................... 190

Figure 9-7 - Female participations .......................................................................................... 190

Figure 9-8 - Community leaders ............................................................................................. 190

Figure 9-9 - http://www.youm7.com/.................................................................................. 193

Figure 9-10 - http://www.elwatannews.com/ ..................................................................... 194

Figure 9-11 - Public Consultation Advertisement published in El Gomhoria newspaper..................................................................................................................................................... 195

Figure 9-12 - Speakers Panel ................................................................................................... 197

Figure 9-13 - Participants of the session................................................................................ 197

Figure 9-14 - Presentation of the environmental expert ..................................................... 197

Figure 9-15 - Discussions from the participants .................................................................. 197

Figure 9-16 - http://www.almalnews.com............................................................................ 200

Figure 9-17 - http://sadaelseed.comhttp://sadaelseed.com.............................................. 201

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List of AbbreviationsAADT Average Annual Daily Traffic

ANSI American National Standards Institute

API American Petroleum Institute

ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers

ASTM American Society for Testing Materials

BP Bank Procedure

CAA Competent Administrative Authority

dB Decibel

EEAA Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency

EGAS Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company

EGPC Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation

EHS Environmental Health and Safety

EM Environmental Management

EMS Environmental Management System

EMU Environmental Management Unit

EPA Environmental Protection Agency

ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment

ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan

GARBLT General Authority for Roads, Bridges and Land Transport

GASCO The Egyptian Natural Gas Company

GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism

HC Hydrocarbons

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HDD Horizontal Directional Drilling

HSE Health and Safety Environment

IEC International Electrotechnical Commission

IFC International Finance Corporation

ILO International Labor Organization

ISO International Organization for Standardization

IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature

LAeq Equivalent noise level; the average acoustic pressure at the level ofmeasurement

LCpeak Peak sound pressure level

LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas

MMSCMD Million Metric Standard Cubic Meters per Day

NGO Non-governmental Organization

OP Operational Policy

OSH Occupational Safety and Health

OHSAS Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems

PM Particulate Matter

PPE Personal Protective Equipment

QRA Quantitative Risk Assessment

RAP Resettlement Action Plan

R.O.W Right of Way

RPF Resettlement Policy Framework

SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System

TSP Total Suspended Particles

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UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

WB World Bank

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1 Introduction1.1 BackgroundThe current Egyptian strategy aims to increase the amount of electricity generation inpower plants to meet the increasing energy demand in the residential and industrialsector. Most of the power plants operate using fossil fuels, and it is the country’s role todetermine the type and source of fuel to be used.

Compared to other fossil fuel types, Natural Gas is considered a cleaner fossil fuel.Additionally, after the new successful gas explorations in the Mediterranean, Egypt isexpecting the abundance of natural gas to be used for the different sectors includingpower generation. Therefore, Natural Gas was selected as the main fuel source for mostof the power plants throughout the country.

The main entity responsible for the management of the natural gas in Egypt is theMinistry of Petroleum. The Ministry’s responsibility starts with the excavation projectsfor new fields and continues with the discovery, processing, transportation and deliveryof gas to the different users (residential, industrial and power production sectors) withthe aim of satisfying the local requirements of natural gas. The Egyptian Natural GasCompany (GASCO) was established in March 1997 with its main mission is natural gastransmission & Distribution according to the plan of the Ministry of Petroleum.

One of the projects implemented to support the generation of electricity in Egypt is theEG-Giza North Power Project, which is an existing project financed by the World Bank.The aim of the project is to contribute towards improving the security and efficiency ofelectricity supply to the different users by adding new generation capacity based on themost efficient thermal power generation capacity. To achieve this objective, the projecthas three main components:

Component 1: The Power Plant Component, which is the construction of 2250MW Combined Cycle Gas Turbine power plant;

Component 2: The Construction of transmission lines to connect the powerplant to the national grid

Component 3: The construction of gas pipeline to strengthen the gas supplynetwork to ensure gas supply to the power plant.

After the completion of the procurement of all the packages financed by the Bank, therewere financial savings available as part of the project to be utilized by the Government ofEgypt.

The World Bank received formal request from the Government of Egypt to utilize thesavings from the Giza North Power Plant project to procure pipelines required for

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upgrading the Natural Gas pipeline network in order to enable the connection to newand existing power plants. The proposed pipelines will also be implemented by GASCOand are composed of 9 pipelines, namely:

1. New Capital - Dahshour gas pipeline (70 km)2. Dahshour – El Wasta gas pipeline (65 km)3. El Wasta – Beni Suef gas pipeline (65 km) + gas decompression station (in Beni

Suef Power Station)4. Sixth of October Power Station (400 meters) + gas decompression station (in 6th

of October power station)5. El Gamel – Damietta gas pipeline (50 km)6. El Suez Power Station (3 km) + gas decomposition station (in Suez Thermal

Power Station)7. Soumid import gas pipeline (4 km)8. El Mahmoudiya Power Station (27 km + 17 km + 7 km) + gas decompression

station (in Mahmoudiya Power Station)9. Damanhour Power Station (2.5 km) + gas decompression station (in Damanhour

Power Station)

GASCO has prepared an updated ESIA for the gas pipeline which addressed the generalimpacts which are expected from the construction and operation of all the gas pipelines.The updated ESIA required that a site specific ESIA including a site specific ESMPshould be prepared to provide detailed assessment, mitigation measures and monitoringactivities along the subject route. The updated ESIA was disclosed in Egypt andinternationally on the World Bank infoshop on February 2016.

This ESIA is studying the environmental and social impacts of the Suez Power StationNatural Gas line.

1.2 Project OverviewThe focus of this study is the Suez Thermal Power Station pipeline and the PressureReduction station inside the power plant, which is one of the 9 pipelines proposed to beimplemented by GASCO.

The planned path will mainly pass through desert areas with no current use, as well asbeside inhibited areas, and will cross a road and storm drainage canal, therefore, thepipeline may potentially cause disruptions to sites of general social importance along thepath.

The construction and laying down of the pipeline is usually done through diggingtrenches, except in areas of intersections with major waterways and roads, where theHorizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) technology will be used. The project will also

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include valve rooms and a pressure reduction station inside the Suez thermal powerstation.

EcoConServ has been awarded the consultancy service for the preparation of anEnvironmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) including a Resettlement ActionPlan (RAP) for the project of Suez thermal power plant pipeline. The ESIA examines thepotential environmental and social impacts expected from the proposed project activitieson the surrounding areas, and the proposed mitigation and monitoring measures toensure the elimination or reduction of any possible adverse effects.

1.3 Study Approach and Methodology

1.3.1 Approach to the Study

The ESIA is prepared in accordance with the requirements of the EgyptianEnvironmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) for the Environmental Impact Assessmentstudies for the oil and gas sector projects, and the relevant World Bank (WB)Environmental and Social Safeguard operational policies and the Environmental Healthand Safety guidelines.

1.3.2 Study MethodologyThe study preparation is done according the following methodology:

Obtaining the information and documents available regarding the project andfamiliarization with the project objectives.

Conduct site visits to the project site, to collect the baseline data regarding thecurrent environmental and social situation.

Holding a Scoping Session (first public consultation) to engage the communityand different stakeholders in the process of the identification of theenvironmental and social aspects that should be taken into consideration duringthe study preparation.

Reviewing the relevant national and international legislation and regulationsrelevant to the scope of the project.

Assess the potential environmental and social impacts associated with proposedproject activities.

Develop a screening criteria for the characterization of the potential impacts andidentifying the most important environmental and social impacts

Analyzing the project alternatives with the potential of minimizing theenvironmental health and safety risks.

Proposing mitigation measures for the expected environmental and socialimpacts of the project.

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Preparing an environmental and social management plan for the mitigation of thepotential negative impacts and monitoring the compliance with the relevantenvironmental laws.

Holding the Second and final public consultation session to present the findingsof the study to the community and stakeholders, and assess their perception ofthe project and any concerns or issues raised during the session.

Production of comprehensive ESIA

1.3.3 Data Collection Methodology

1.3.3.1 Data concerning the path and surrounding areasThe data required for the report preparation were gathered through meetings withGASCO detailing the route path and crossings, in addition to the engineering details ofthe pipeline lines, construction and operation activities, and governmental approvals.Other project-specific data were gathered from the site visit conducted to inspect theland use in the areas surrounding the pipeline route. The site visit was conducted in a wayto cover as much area as possible along the pipeline path designed by GASCO, throughmoving on the roads adjacent to the path whenever possible.

A preliminary desk review and study of the maps with the designed pipeline path wascarried out to identify the potential sensitive receptors around the project site, and duringthe visit, the sensitive receptors were confirmed and the baseline measurements (Airquality and noise) conducted. Also, during the site visits, the study team had several stopsto photograph areas of importance around the proposed pipeline locations and identifythe different flora and fauna species in the areas which will potentially be affected by theproject implantation.

Data concerning the meteorological conditions, soil topography and geology as well assurface water availability and quality were collected through desk review of recent studiesconducted in the area of the path. Also, a traffic study was prepared to estimate the effectof the project implementation on the main roads that will be crossed during the projectactivities.

1.3.3.2 Social Project-related Data

EcoConServ has adopted a multistage analysis strategy, several data collection methodsand tools were applied using the Participatory Rapid Appraisal approach. This approachensures that local community groups participated to the study. Data was collected incoordination with relevant stakeholders including local administration units and the localNGO’s.

The consultant has also reviewed relevant secondary data sources such as: studies,reports and previous literature. The research team has conducted several field visits toassess the baseline conditions.

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A number of qualitative data collection tools were applied to ensure different communitygroups participated to the study. The applied methodology in the social impactassessment can be summarized as follows:

Figure 1-1 - Methodology for Description of the Social Baseline

1.3.4 Stakeholders’ Consultations

Stakeholder’s analysis is one of the tools that helped the consultant identify relevantgroups of stakeholders and their interest in the project as which may facilitate differentproject activities. Stakeholder’s analysis is an important tool at the initial stages of theproject which might contribute to define and mitigate several negative impacts at an earlystage. Stakeholder’s can help enhance the social benefits related to the project at the localcommunity level.

Table 1-1 - Stakeholder's Analysis of the projectStakeholders group Roles

GASCO Is the owner of the project, the main government authorityconcerned with supervising the project activities andimplementation of the project.

EEAA Is the authority responsible for approving the ESIA study aspart of the implementation requirements.

EEAA –Suez Regional Environment department is responsible for monitoring the

12 interviewsSuez GovernorateSecertary GeneralEnvironmentdepartmentRoads DepartmentSumed CompanySuez PetroleumProcessing CompanyResidence

Government entities

15 Interviews withlocal communitymembers (residents ofSuez PetroleumProcessing Company)

Local Community

Interviews withGASCO staff

GASCO

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Office implementation of ESMP.

Governoratedepartments

Are responsible for providing and financing infrastructureservices at local areas. They are also able to coordinateamong different development projects and initiatives.Ensure the street restoration after excavation

Suez EnvironmentCommittee

The main stakeholders, they have the experience and theknowledge and they have a strong impact on the localcommunity as well as existing commercial entities in Suez.

Beneficiaries (PowerStations)

Are the main beneficiaries from the project, may be subjectto some positive/negative impacts. They play a significantrole in project success and sustainability.

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2 Project Description2.1 Project BackgroundThe proposed project is as an integral part of the country's energy strategy which calls forgreater use of natural gas. This initiative will contribute to achieving the government planfor extending natural gas usage to help meet the increasing demand in the power sector.This project will have a direct role in delivering the natural gas to the Suez ThermalPower Station.

2.2 Project Components

2.2.1 Pipeline RouteThe planned pipeline is located at the western zone of El Suez governorate. The pipelineroute will start at the valves room at Raas Bakr 16” pipeline and it extends 500 meters tothe east to cross with a railway. After that, it extends 1.2 Km to the south parallel to astorm water drain to cross Salah Nessim road, and then it extends 700 meters to the eastagain along the gulf and the residential colony of El Suez Petroleum Company. Thepipeline continues this path till it reaches the pressure reduction station inside Suezthermal power station with a total length of 3 Km. The figure below shows the pipelinelocation and route and is also presented in Annex 1. In total, there are two maincrossings, one with the railway and the other with Salah Nessim road. Along the wholeroute, the pipeline will be located underground. The technical details of the pipeline,valve room and pressure reduction station will be presented in the following sub-sections.

Figure 2-1 - El Suez pipeline location and route

Start pointof the Route

Suez ThermalPower Station

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2.2.2 Sensitive ReceptorsThe following figures present the main landmarks observed during the site visitsconducted by the study team. In addition, the main sensitive receptors in the pipelineroute were highlighted during the site visits, and also presented in the figures below

Figure 2-2 -The plot designated for the valve rooms

Figure 2-3 - The closest housing area to the route of the pipeline (about 500 m)

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Figure 2-4 -Another housing area about 1 km from the route

Figure 2-5 - Route will be passing under the railway line

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Figure 2-6 -The route will traverse under Salah Nessim Road (main road connectingoutside Suez)

Figure 2-7 -Stormwater drain

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Figure 2-8 - Route of the pipeline close to Suez Petroleum Processing Company

Figure 2-9 - The line will pass along the beach area in front of Suez Petroleum ProcessingCompany Housing Area

StormWater drainflowing towards the

sea

Wall of Suez PetroleumProcessing Company

housing area

Housing area

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Figure 2-10 - The line passes the recreational area of the housing compound

Figure 2-11 - Recreational area at the Suez Petroleum Processing Company housingcompound

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Figure 2-12 -The line reaches Suez Thermal Power Station – Final Destination

2.2.3 Pipeline Specifications Length: 3 km Diameter: 16” Pipe Thickness:

o Class 3: 0.375″o Class 4: 0.50″

Material: APL 5L X 52 Maximum operating pressure: 70 bar Minimum operating pressure: 30 bar Pipeline capacity: 2.1 MMSCMD

2.2.4 Pipeline Design ConsiderationsThe pipeline shall be designed, constructed and tested in general accordance with ASMEB31.8 along with the other relevant codes and standards adopted by GASCO in itsdesigns in addition to any other additional local regulations. Thus, it will be free fromsignificant defects. The following standards will be followed:

The pipeline should be protected against rust and corrosion. The pipeline should be protected against external trespass. The pipeline should not be adversely influenced by ground movement, as a result

of natural or human activities.

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Modification, maintenance and repair of the pipeline should be carried out insuch a way that doesn’t negatively affect its safety measures.

In addition, the following codes and standards will be followed for the design of thedifferent pipeline components

API 5L for line pipes API 6D for valves ANSI B 16.9 and MSS SP 75 for fittings ANSI B 16.5 and MSS SP 44 for flanges ASME B 31.8 and GASCO local regulations for construction and pipeline design.

Moreover, the pipeline design takes into consideration the location class of the pipelinesaccording to the population density along the pipeline route as shown later in thischapter. The location class is also used to determine the patrolling activity to beconducted on the site.

2.2.5 Valve RoomValve rooms will be constructed so as to control the flow of the natural gas through thepipeline. Such control can be applied by changing the percentage opening of the valves,or by changing the path of the natural gas by operating the bypass valves. The maintechnical data of the valve rooms are:

Number of Valve Rooms: 2o Room 1: Area= 25 m * 45 mo Room 2: inside the power plant

Operation conditions: temperature varies between 30°C-40°C

2.2.6 Pressure Reduction StationThe pressure reduction station at the Suez thermal power station aims to reduce thepressure of natural gas to the operational pressure of the power station. The sub-components and detailed description of the pressure reduction station are presented inAnnex 2.

2.3 Activities of Construction PhaseConstruction will be carried out by qualified and approved contractors under thesupervisions and monitoring of GASCO. The work will broadly be split into thefollowing phases:

• Right of Way activities.• Pipe transportation and storage.• Trenching.

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• Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) or boring for the road crossings• Welding and inspection.• Coating and inspection• Wrapping of joints.• Ditching.• Installation of valves.• Tie-ins• Laying fiber-optic cables• Backfilling.• Pigging.• Hydrostatic test.• Dewatering.• Purging& commissioning.• Manufacturing and fittings for valves rooms (including civil, mechanical, and

electric components).

The following table shows the types of equipment to be used in the construction phase.The exact number of equipment used will be specified by the contractor during theconstruction phase.

Table 2-1 - List of equipment that shall be used during ConstructionEquipmentNo.

Double Cabin Car1

Double Cabin Car 4*42

Pick Up3

Bus (26 Persons)4

Puller5

Generator 200-250 K.V6

Crane 50 Ton.7

Side Boom D88

Pipe welder9

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EquipmentNo.

Pipe Carrier10

Welding Machine11

Low Bed12

Water Tank Car13

Solar Tank Car14

Agriculture Excavator15

Truck16

Excavator17

Loader18

Bulldozer D819

Trailer20

Compressor21

Sand Plaster22

Cement Mixer23

Boom Excavator24

Ambulance25

Equipment carrier26

2.3.1 Right of Way ActivitiesGASCO will manage its access for the Right of Way (R.O.W) through governmentalpermits from the relevant ministries/organizations. Annex 3presents a copy of some ofthe local permits obtained so far. The contractor will then implement the R.O.Wactivities to clear any obstacles that may interrupt the excavation activities. Thecontractor will be keen to avoid unnecessary damage to crops or neighbor buildingsduring R.O.W, and he will be responsible for compensating any damages. The contractorshall also use warning signs in the work area to protect persons, automotivevehicles…etc.

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No impacts are anticipated after the pipeline is constructed and is underoperation. Although some restrictions are normally applied on the land uses of the RoW(2*2 m in urban areas and 6*2 meters in rural areas from the center of the pipeline).

2.3.2 DitchingBefore any excavation activities, the contractor shall coordinate with the differentauthorities to determine the existing infrastructure in the project’s area (e.g. water lines,sewage lines, electrical cables and telecommunication lines)so as to avoid any unduedamage. In case of lacking sufficient information on the available infrastructure, thecontractor will carefully excavate a trial pit.

In case of the asphalt roads, an excavator will be used to remove the asphalt layers. Thecontractor shall excavate the trench in which the pipeline is to be laid with the followingdimensions with a possibility of having 10% excess where required by works in someareas

Depth to the pipe top elevation below the general ground levelo 1 m for all land types other than rocky landso 0.7 m for rocky lands.

Width of trencho Pipe outside diameter “with coating” + 0.4 m

Angle of trencho Rocky area- vertically cuto Compacted soil - 40° to verticalo Running soil - 70° to vertical

The following figure illustrates how to dig trenches for various types of soils. The ditchbottom shall be uniformly and carefully graded and be free from coarse rocks solidobjects which could negatively affect the pipeline coating. Due to its criticality, qualitycontrol checks will be applied from GASCO and the contractor for this issue.

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Figure 2-13 - Ditching in various types of soil

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At locations with irregular ground elevations, additional excavation may be applied toavoid undue bending of the pipe. In addition, and in case of having crossing with otherunderground infrastructure lines/cables, the trench shall be deepened so that the pipelinebe installed below or above the existing lines/cables in accordance with the followingfigures.

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Figure 2-14 - Excavation required in case of having other infrastructure line/cable above the proposed NG pipeline

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Figure 2-15 –Excavation required in case of having other infrastructure line/cable below the proposed NG pipeline

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2.3.3 Pipe Laying and Trench BackfillingAfter ditching, the pipes can be laid in the trench. The pipes “originally coated with polyethylene”are generally stored and stacked in a devoted area in a way that ensures their protection from anyeffects that may damage the pipes or their coatings. In addition, the contractor will set qualitycontrol procedures during the transportation and handling of pipes for the same reason. The pipesare welded together, and a quality control test using x-rays will be applied to ensure the weldingeffectiveness. In addition, the uncoated parts of the pipes (at the end parts to be welded) are coatedon site, and the coating layer is tested using a “holiday test” before starting the pipeline laying. Suchtests will be implemented by the contractor and re-checked by GASCO.

As discussed above, the bottom of the trench is cleaned of any rocks or solid objects which maydamage the pipeline. In addition, the trench shall be laid on a fine sieved sand layer of a minimumdepth of 20 cm. Wide nonabrasive belts will be used while lowering the pipeline to the trench, andthe contractor will carefully remove the belts from around the coated pipes. In case of any damagecaused to the pipes’ coating during the lowering operation, the contractor will repair such damagebefore laying the pipe in the ditch. The pipeline lowering shall be undertaken in the presence ofGASCO representatives.

The trench shall be backfilled within 48 hours after lowering the pipeline. As was the case with thelayer below the pipeline, the initial backfill will be to a minimum height 20 cm. of fine sieved sand toprotect the pipeline. The backfill will be then compacted by wet sand layers of 15 cm thickness, sothat the total height is not less than 20 cm above the adjacent ground level.

On the other hand, and in case of the trenches being dug in roads, backfilling shall be carried outimmediately after the pipeline has been laid in the same technique shown above. The maindifference is that the finished backfilling level will be the same as the road level. After that, thecontractor will work on restoring the road surface to its original status. In all cases, cathodicprotection system will be applied to the pipeline and valves. Appropriate signage and communitysafety measures will be in place in addition to covering or safeguarding any open trenches that arenot promptly filled.

2.3.4 Hydrostatic TestingTo ensure that the pipeline can withstand pressures high than the operating natural gas pipeline, thenatural gas flow will not be started before applying the hydrostatic pressure test. The test isconducted by introducing pressurized water into the pipeline (150% of operating pressure) for 24hours and checking whether there are any pressure losses. This will be detected by the pressurerecording instrument connected to the pipeline during the test.

The water used in the test shall be clean fresh water and free from any substance which may beharmful to pipe material (including high levels of salinity). The water to be used in the hydrostatic

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test of this project will be sourced from water trucks. Hydrostatic testing must be followed bydewatering and gauging.

Before introducing the water, a 'bi-directional pig' is placed in the beginning of the pipeline. Thenthe pipeline is filled with fresh clean water, where the 'bi-directional pig' will be is moving in theentering water direction, and comes out from the other side guaranteeing that there are no airpockets inside the pipeline. After raising the water’s pressure, and ensuring the test’s success,another 'bi-directional pig' is introduced to discharge the water as shown in the following section.

2.3.5 Dewatering

The 'bi-directional pig' used will be based on foam or rubber. Pigs will continue operation until thereis no evidence of having water in the pipeline as determined by the tests. Such tests shall includeeither the calculation of the gain in weight of the pig or measuring of the dew point of thecompressed air entering and exiting the pipe line.

2.3.6 Magnetic Cleaning and Geometric PiggingTo ensure that the pipeline is free of any solid materials which may cause erosion to the pipeline,pipeline cleaning should be conducted using ‘pigging’ technique. A series of magnetic cleaning pigswill be run until the pipeline is judged by the company to be free of magnetic debris. After that, thecontractor will run a geometric pig. After a successful run by the geometric pig, the pipeline will beleft with positive pressure of at least 2 bar using either dry air or dry nitrogen as determined by thecompany so as to discharge any metallic components still present. The resulting solid waste from thepigging operation will be disposed by applying GASCO’s specific solid waste managementprocedure.

2.3.7 Purging and CommissioningBefore starting the flow of Natural gas, the pipeline will be purged by flushing with dry nitrogen atambient temperature to ensure that no operational problems arise from air or water left in thepipeline. The pressure of Nitrogen is gradually increased till it reaches the operating pressure, andthen the operation starts by replacing the Nitrogen with Natural gas.

2.3.8 Pipeline CrossingsTo install a natural gas pipeline beneath the ground level, this can either be done by digging a trenchor using trenchless technologies. Trenchless technologies can be further classified as guided methodsand non-guided methods. In this analysis, the most famous technology in each category (which aregenerally employed by GASCO) will be considered; namely, horizontal directional drilling (HDD)representing the guided trenchless technology, auger boring representing the non-guided trenchlesstechnology, and the open-cut representing the trench technology.

The open cut method is usually used in small internal roads, where normal excavation takes place. Itcan be also applied in case of having long agricultural or desert roads where auger boring and HDD

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are not possible. This is a simple technique which usually takes between 1 and 2 days, and requireroad narrowing or diverting. For bigger branched roads, auger boring excavation technique is usuallyapplied. This technique require more excavation depths (about 5-6 meters). This is a bit morecomplex technique compared to the open-cut technology; however, it also takes between 1 and 2days, and may require road narrowing or diverting. On the other hand, where the pipelines crossmain roads, or huge water bodies, a new technology named Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD)is usually applied. HDD is a trenchless methodology that use high excavation depths (about 30-40meters) and can be used for high pipeline length. HDD provides a number of benefits compared tothe other traditional technologies. These benefits include having very little disruption to traffic asroad narrowing or diverting are not required, in addition to the smaller work area requirements.However, HDD suffer from two main disadvantages which are the long time required (about 2weeks), and the high cost compared to the conventional technologies. HDD pipeline installationshave been widely used in the previous period in GASCO projects, and it is considered the fastestgrowing trenchless construction method today.

The following sub-sections present a technical background about the auger boring and HDDtechnologies.

2.3.8.1 Auger BoringThe horizontal auger boring trenchless technique involves equipment like auger boring machine,auger, and cutting head. This technique also requires the excavation of a drilling pit and a receivingpit. The process starts by lowering the auger boring machine into the drilling pit, and then the augersinstalled inside the casing pipe are lowered into the pit and connected to the auger boring machine.The boring operation then starts by rotating the augers and the cutting head, and pushing the casingpipe gradually forward. This process continues till the casing pipe emerges from the receiving pitside. The boring process results in cuttings (spoil) which is carried through the augers and extractedfrom the entry side of the boring machine.

The process is mainly unguided, and accordingly operator skill is critical. The degree of controllingthe horizontal alignment is usually low. Enough working space is required both in the drilling andreceiving pits for the equipment and the crew movement. The technique is suitable for wide range ofsolids; however, non-cohesive soils and boulders cause some difficulties.

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Figure 2-16 -Auger Boring

2.3.8.2 Horizontal Directional Drilling

As shown in Figure 2-17, Figure 2-18, and Figure 2-19, the HDD technique can be classified tothree stages as follows:Stage 1: Pilot hole drilling

Stage 2: Pre-Reaming

Stage 3: Pipeline Pullback

Before starting the drilling activities, a topographic survey is conducted to the proposed excavationsite. This survey aims to determine the soil conditions at the different depths, and accordinglydetermine a drill path including the entry and exit points. After that, the first stage starts by drilling apilot hole through the studied drill path centerline. The drilling machine usually sets on the surface,and the drill string enters the ground at an angle between 5 and 20 degrees. The bore path is usuallyadjusted to be of gradual curvature to match with the allowable bend radius of the pipeline andminimize friction. The bore path is monitored by devices mounted to the drill string. Signals aredirected to the operators on the surface so as to direct the drill path accordingly. Usually, a drillingslurry is pumped in the bore path so as to lubricate, clean and cool the cutting heads, transport thecuttings to the surface, and stabilize the hole against collapse. The slurries are usually bentonite

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based, and the slurry associated with cuttings is pumped to a settling pit where the slurry is separatedfrom the cuttings and recycled.

After the plot hole drilling step, a back-reamer attached to the end of the drill string is pulled backthrough the path to enlarge the hole. This step can be repeated more than once till the hole diameterbecomes about 50% larger than the required pipeline diameter to minimize friction or bending ofthe pipeline. As the reamer goes back and forth, this is called “pre-reaming. After that, the pipeline isconnected to the back-reamer and pulled back through the drill path.

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Figure 2-17 - Pilot hole drilling stage in HDD technique

Figure 2-18 - Pre-Reaming stage in HDD technique

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Figure 2-19 -Pipeline pullback stage in HDD technique

2.3.9 Construction work in the valve roomThe construction of the valve room includes some structural work (reinforced concrete installation)in addition to the electromechanical components and the commissioning activities.

2.4 Activities of Operational PhaseSuch kinds of projects does not include much operational activities while the natural gas flowsthrough the pipeline. The following table presents the general natural gas composition of thenational network. The main activities are the monitoring of the pipeline and the routine checking forthe occurrence of gas leaks. The following sub-sections presents more details about these activities.

Table 2-2 - General natural gas composition of the national networkComponent/Properties Maximum Minimum Unit

Nitrogen 0.6183 0.6653 Mole%

Methane 79.8207 88.0622 Mole%

Carbon Dioxide 5.8996 5.4793 Mole%

Ethane 8.5755 4.9468 Mole%

Propane 3.4219 0.6918 Mole%

Iso Butane 0.5244 0.0602 Mole%

N-Butane 0.7855 0.0758 Mole%

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Component/Properties Maximum Minimum Unit

Neo Pentane 0 0 Mole%

Iso Pentane 0.144 0.0086 Mole%

N-Pentane 0.1138 0.0061 Mole%

Hexanes and Heavier 0.0963 0.0039 Mole%

Gross Heating Value At60 F and 1 atm

1101.6298 999.5827 Btu/ft3

2.4.1 Pipeline PatrollingPipeline patrolling is carried out in order to identify activities (e.g. construction activities nearby) oractions (e.g. trespass) that could damage the pipeline, and accordingly cause safety problems thatmay reach to explosion. Patrolling also identifies areas of concern such as land slippage etc. in thegeneral area of the pipeline that could cause subsequent problems. Written reports showing theresults of the pipeline patrolling is reported to the sector office. Along the whole pipeline route, 2pipeline classes make up the path of the pipeline which are classes 3 and 4.The frequency of thepatrol will vary for differing areas according to the location class as shown in the following table.The number of buildings are usually accounted in a zone of 200meters wide on either side of thepipeline route, and in section of 1 km lengthwise. As the location class increases, the patrollingfrequency increases as well. .

Table 2-3 - Location class as defined by GASCOLocation Class Number of buildings intended for

Human Occupancy

Location Class 1 10 or fewer

Location Class 2 More than 10 but fewer than 46

Location Class 3 More than 46

Location Class 4 More than 46 and including multi-storey buildings and where there may bemany other utilities

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2.4.2 Leakage SurveyLeakage Survey is conducted to protect the population against the effects of escaping natural gas andto early detect any damage to the pipeline or the components of the valve room. The Cathodicprotection system is also inspected weekly to ensure its effectiveness. Written reports showing theresults of the leakage survey is reported to the sector office, and in case of detecting any leakage, themaintenance department quickly perform the required procedures to fix the leakage source. Thestaff undertaking patrolling and leakage surveys must be fully trained before carrying out such duties.

2.4.3 SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System)GASCO is working with SCADA system, which is a highly sophisticated integrated system used tocontrol the national natural gas pipeline network. The SCADA system performs remote controllingof the valve rooms to adjust the operating pressure, and if necessary change the flow of natural gasby bypassing the main route. The SCADA system can also detect natural gas leakage if a pressuredrop was observed in certain pipeline. The SCADA system is connected with the fiber optics systeminstalled in the pipelines.

2.5 Resources Consumption

2.5.1 During Construction Phasei) Water

Water is mainly used during the construction phase in the hydrostatic testing in addition to thedomestic uses by the workers and engineers. The water for construction and hydrostatictesting will be sourced from trucks. Drinking water will be bottled. The expected amount ofwater to be used during the construction phase of this project is:

Domestic uses by the workers and engineers: 5 m3/day Construction activities: 600 m3/day Hydrostatic testing : 325 m3

ii) Fuel

Diesel fuel will be mainly used for diesel generators that supplies electricity to the difficultconstruction activities including welding. In addition, diesel will be the fuel used by the trucksand excavators. The expected amount of diesel fuel to be used in the construction phase ofthis project is about 12,000 liters (approximately 34 liter/day). The fuel will be delivered to theconstruction site via trucks when needed.

2.5.2 During Operation Phasei) Electricity

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The electricity consumption in the operation phase is expected to be sourced from the valveroom. The electricity consumption during the operation phase is expected to be minimalwhich will be mainly consumed at the control room.

2.6 Waste Generation

2.6.1 During Construction PhaseSolid waste during construction phase will comprise domestic waste, construction waste and somehazardous wastes from the project activities. The waste is expected to include the following wastestreams:Hazardous wastes: Used oil waste Asphalt Miscellaneous containers, paint cans, solvent containers, aerosol cans, adhesive, and lubricant

containers

Non-hazardous wastes: Soil (excavated or surplus) Packaging materials Damaged products (pipes, etc.); Packing timber; Paving materials; Electrical cable off-cuts; Concrete;

2.6.2 During Operation PhaseThe pipeline operation is not expected to dispose any type of solid waste during the operation phase.

2.7 The Expected Timeline of the Project Execution Engineering Work: 18 months Procurement work: 15 months Construction work: 12 months

Duration expected for the whole project is 2 years. For activity durations and overlapping referto Annex 4.

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3 Legislative and Regulatory Framework3.1 Preface

The World Bank has defined 10 environmental and social safeguard policies that must be consideredto its financed projects. Applicability of such policies to this project is overviewed and discussed insubsequent sections.

Egyptian legislation provides environmental compliance procedures and emission limits which are atleast comparable with WB/international requirements, if not more stringent. GASCO is bound byinternal policies which obligate them to comply with national legal requirements. In the case thatnational requirements are non-existent for specific issues or pollutants, WB requirements will beadopted.

3.2 National Administrative and Legal FrameworkThe following is a brief description of the different national authorities and institutions of relevancewith respect to environmental assessments including Environmental and Social Impact Assessments(ESIAs).

The main legal instrument dealing with environmental issues in Egypt is Law 4/1994, amended byLaw 9/2009 and law 5/2015 and its Executive Regulations amended by decree 1095/2011, then710/2012 and 964/2015, commonly known as the Law on Protection of the Environment. The lawdeals mostly with the protection of the environment against pollution. Prime Ministerial Decree 631of 1982 established the EEAA as the competent body for environmental matters in Egypt. Law 4also stipulates the role of the EEAA as the main regulatory agency for environmental matters.

According to Article 1 of Law 4, the legal entity responsible for a given project is required to carryout an assessment of the project's potential impacts on the natural and socio-cultural environmentbefore implementing that project. The findings of the assessment are submitted to the EEAA forreview and approval before other relevant governmental authorities can issue their permits forimplementing the project.

An ESIA is required to be viewed as an integrated part of the project planning process, according toEEAA requirements. The ESIA will help to ensure that environmental concerns are taken intoaccount along with technical and economic considerations.

The Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) is an authorized state body regulatingenvironmental management issues. Egyptian laws identify three main roles of the EEAA:

It has a regulatory and coordinating role in most activities, as well as an executive rolerestricted to the management of natural protectorates and pilot projects.

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The agency is responsible for formulating the environmental management (EM) policy,setting the required action plans to protect the environment. Following-up their execution incoordination with Competent Administrative Authorities (CAAs).

In specific to this project, EEAA is responsible for review and approve of the environmentalimpact assessment studies.

EMU (Environmental Management Unit at Governorate and District level) is responsible for theenvironmental performance of all projects/facilities within the governorates premises. Thegovernorate has established environmental management units at both the governorate andcity/district level. The EMU is responsible for the protection of the environment within thegovernorate boundaries and are mandated to undertake both environmental planning and operation-oriented activities. The environmental management unit is mandated to:

Follow-up on the environmental performance of the projects within the governorate duringboth construction and operation phases to ensure that the project abides by laws andregulations as well as mitigation measures included in its ESIA approval.

Investigate any environmental complaint filed against projects within the governorate The EMU are affiliated administratively to the governorate, yet are technically affiliated to

EEAA. The governorate has a solid waste management unit at the governorate and district level. The

units are responsible for the supervision of solid waste management contracts.The CAAs are the entities responsible for issuing licenses for projects construction and operation.The ESIA is considered one of the requirements of licensing. The CAAs are thus responsible forreceiving the ESIA forms of studies, check the information included in the documents concerningthe location, suitability of the location to the project activity and ensure that the activity does notcontradict with the surrounding activities and that the location does not contradict with theministerial decrees related to the activity. The CAA forwards the documents to EEAA for review.They are the main interface with the project proponents in the ESIA system. The CAA is mandatedto:

Provide technical assistance to Project Proponents Ensure the approval of the Project Site Receive ESIA Documents and forward it to EEAA Follow-up the implementation of the ESIA requirements during post construction field

investigation (before the operation license)

After submission of an ESIA for review, the EEAA may request revisions in the ESIA report within30 days, including additional mitigation measures, before issuing the approval of the report. GASCOwill have the right to issue an appeal within 30 days from its receipt of the EEAA’s decision. Itshould be noted that once the ESIA has been approved, the ESMP as will be presented in thereport, will be considered an integral part of the project; and the GASCO will be legally responsible

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for the implementation of that plan, depending on their involvement in construction or operation. Itis therefore worth mentioning that the GASCO must ensure that all mitigation measures andenvironmental requirements described in the ESMP have been clearly referred to in the tenderdocuments for the construction works, the construction contracts, and have been respected.GASCO will follow-up on the construction contractor to ensure that the ESMP is adequatelyimplemented in the construction phase.

According to the guidelines of the ESIA preparation issued by the EEAA, projects are classified intothree categories according to the severity of possible environmental impacts and location of theestablishment and its proximity to residential settlements: Category (A): projects with minimumenvironmental impacts, Category (B): projects with potential adverse environmental impacts yet lessthan category C, and Category (C): Projects which have highly adverse impacts. These are requiredto prepare a full EIA study.

Based on these categories, the proposed Natural Gas lines project is classified as “C” under theEgyptian requirements. Class C projects require full ESIAs including public consultation sessions (2sessions were held: a scoping session and a public consultation session).

3.3 Applicable Environmental and Social Legislations in EgyptThe Egyptian environmental law covers many aspects, such as air quality, water quality, noise, solidwaste management and occupational health and safety. Each of these aspects will be discussed indetails and the allowable limits for the different aspects included according to applicability to theproject.

Mitigation measures are mentioned in Chapter 7 of the study to ensure compliance with theselegislations.

3.3.1 Environmental Law 4/1994 (amended by 9/2009 and 15/2015)

3.3.1.1 Regulations for the Protection of Air Environment from PollutionAccording to the provisions of Articles 34 through 40, 42, 43, and 47 bis in Law 4/1994 amendedby Law 9/2009, and Article 42, annex 5,6 in the Executive Regulations, the project developer mustensure the following:

1. The site of the project must be selected properly to suit the project activity in order toensure that the total pollution emitted by the proposed project during the construction andoperation phases will not exceed the maximum permissible limits for the pollutants in theambient air as listed below:

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Table 3-1 -Maximum limits of outdoor air pollutants (Annex 5 of the Executive Regulationsamended in 2012)

Pollutant LocationArea

Maximum Limit[µg/m3]1hour 8hours 24hours 1Year

Sulphur Dioxide UrbanIndustrial

300350

125150

5060

Carbon Monoxide UrbanIndustrial

30mg/m3

10mg/m3

--

--

Nitrogen Dioxide UrbanIndustrial

300300

--

150150

6080

Ozone UrbanIndustrial

180180

120120

--

--

Total Suspended Particles (TSP) UrbanIndustrial

--

--

230230

125125

Particulate Matter less than 10 µm(PM10)

UrbanIndustrial

--

--

150150

7070

Particulate Matter less than 25 µm(PM2.5)

UrbanIndustrial

--

--

8080

5050

Suspended Particles Measured as BlackSmokes

UrbanIndustrial

--

--

150150

6060

Lead UrbanIndustrial

--

--

--

0.51.0

Ammonia (NH3)UrbanIndustrial

--

--

120120

--

Other limits include the allowable limits for pollutants emissions in air from the different sourceswhich are detailed in annex 6 of the Executive regulations amended by decree 1095/2011, 710/2012and 964/2015. The limits relevant to the current project scope are the pollution limit from asphaltmixing units which will be utilized to return the roads to their original state after the projectcompletion, and the limits of emissions from vehicles which are shown in the following tables.

It should be noted that as per the Annex 6 of the executive regulations; the actual pollutantconcentration from the stack is calculated at standard conditions using the following equation;

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ESIA study for EG-GIZA North Power Project – Suez Power Station Natural Gas LineConcentration at Standard Conditions= Measured Concentration ∗ (21 − Reference Oxygen %)(21 – measured Oxygen%)∗ Measured Tempreture + 273273 ∗ 1measured atmospheric pressureTable 3-2 - Allowable emission levels from asphalt mixing units (Table 12 of Annex 6 of the

Executive Regulations amended in 2012)Maximum Allowable Emissions Level (mg/m3)Total Suspended Solids(TSP) Carbon Monoxide (CO) Total Volatile Organic

Compounds (VOCs)50 500 50

- Reference conditions (at 13% O2, temperature of 273 Kelvin, and 1 atm pressure).- The asphalt mixing unit should be placed at a minimum distance of 500 m from the nearest

residential area, taking into consideration the prevailing wind direction.

Table 3-3 - Maximum allowable emissions from vehicles that operate using gasoline fuel (Table 23of Annex 6 of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012)

Before the year 2003 From 2003 to 2009 Year 2010 and laterPollutants Hydrocarbons

HC (ppm)CO% HC (ppm) CO% HC (ppm) CO%

MaximumallowableLimit

600 4 300 1.5 200 1.2

Measurements should be done at the idle speed from 600 to 900 rpm.

Table 3-4 - Maximum allowable emissions from vehicles that operate using diesel fuel (Table 24 ofAnnex 6 of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012)

Manufacturing Year (model) Before the year 2003 From 2003 and laterSmoke density factor K (m-1) 2.8 2.65Measurements are done in accordance with the ISO-11614 international standard.

3.3.1.2 NoiseArticle 42 of the environmental law states that during the construction and operation phases of theproject, the resulting noise levels must not exceed the sound intensity levels given by Table 3 ofAnnex 7 of the Executive Regulations when carrying out production, service or other activities,particularly when operating machinery and equipment or using sirens and loudspeakers. The tablelists the maximum permissible noise level limits according to area type as per the followingdesignation:

Sensitive areas to noise exposure

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Residential suburbs with low traffic flow

Commercial and administrative areas in city center

Residential areas with some workshops, administrative activities, or recreational andentertainment activities overlooking public roads less than 12 meters,

Areas overlooking public roads more than or equal 12 meters, or industrial areas with lightindustries

Industrial Zone with heavy industries

Table 3-5 - Maximum permissible noise level limits for the project area (from Annex 7 of theExecutive Regulations, Table 3)

Area Type

Maximum Permissible Equivalent NoiseLevel [dB(Aeq)]Day Night7 AM – 10 PM 10 PM – 7 AM

Sensitive areas to noise exposure 50 40

Residential suburbs with low traffic flow 55 45

Commercial and administrative areas in city center 60 50

Residential areas with some workshops,administrative activities, or recreational andentertainment activities overlooking public roads lessthan 12 meters

65 55

Areas overlooking public roads more than or equal12 meters, or industrial areas with light industries

70 60

Industrial Zone with heavy industries 70 70

3.3.2 Waste Management RegulationsThe collection, transportation and safe disposal of solid wastes from houses, public places,commercial and industrial establishments is regulated through the public cleanliness law 38/1967amended by law 31/1976 and its executive regulations issued by Minister of Housing DecreeNumber 134 of 1968, as well as the environmental law 14/1994 and its executive regulations.

3.3.2.1 Public Cleanliness Law Number 38/1967Law 38 for the year 1967 amended by law 31/1976 and its Executive Regulations issued by decree134/1968 prohibit the dumping of solid wastes in any location other than those designated by themunicipal authorities. This includes solid waste treatment and disposal, in addition to the temporary

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storage in undesignated containers. Article 1 of the Ministry of Housing and Utilities decree134/1968 defines solid waste as any waste generated by persons, residential units, non-residentialconstructions such as commercial establishments, camps, animal cages, slaughterhouses, markets,public spaces, parks, and transportation methods.

The Public Cleanliness Law and its Executive Regulations requires the municipal authorityresponsible for public cleanliness or the contracted entity assigned by it for the collection,transportation, and disposal of solid wastes, to carry out these processes in accordance with thespecifications stipulated in the Executive Regulations and any other regulations by the municipalauthority.

3.3.2.2 Environmental law 4/1994In general, the law prohibits the disposal of any solid wastes except in areas designated for thispurpose through article 37, and articles 38, 39 and 41 of the executive regulations which require thatduring excavation, construction or demolition activities, the entity undertaking the work must takethe necessary precautions to safely store and transport the resulting wastes in accordance with theset procedure.

Regarding the hazardous wastes, and in accordance with the provisions of articles 29 to 33 of law4/1994 which is equivalent to law 9/2009 and articles 28, 31 and 33 of the executive regulations, theentity producing hazardous wastes in gaseous, liquid or solid form is committed to collect andtransport the generated waste to designated disposal sites which are predetermined by the localauthorities, the competent administrative authorities and the Egyptian Environmental AffairsAgency.

The hazardous waste should be collected in specific locations with clear warning signs and oral orwritten instructions for safety conditions that prevent the occurrence of any damage generally or topeople who get exposed to it. Additionally, the workers should be trained on proper handlingprocedure.

The transportation vehicles used to transport hazardous waste should belong to licensed entities thatmanage hazardous waste and follows the guidelines included in the executive regulations.

3.3.2.3 Hazardous waste from Petroleum sectorPetroleum and Mineral Resources ministerial decree number 1352/2007 defines the hazardous wastematerials generated from the petroleum industry, and prohibits handling of these hazardous wasteexcept by entities authorized by EGPC.

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3.3.3 Wastewater Management Regulations

3.3.3.1 Industrial Wastewater Disposal Law 93/1962The industrial wastewater disposal into the drainage systems is regulated by law 93/1962 and itsexecutive regulations amended by decree 44/2000. The law prohibits the disposal of domestic,industrial and commercial wastewater, treated or untreated, in public drainage system withoutobtaining a prior approval.

Article 14 of the executive regulations set the parameters required regarding the quality of thewastewater discharged to the public sewage network.

Table 3-6 -Standards and specifications of wastewater discharged to public sewage system (Article14 of the ER of Law 93/1962)

Parameter Limit in the disposed wastewater(pH) 6-9.5Temperature 43BOD5 600 ppmCOD 1100 ppmTotal suspended solids 800/100lDissolved solids 10 ppmOil and grease 100 ppmTotal nitrogen 100 ppmTotal phosphorous 25 ppmcyanide(CN-) 0.02phenol 0.05 ppmDeposited materials (after 10 minutes) 8 cm3/lDeposited materials (after 30 minutes) 15 cm/lTotal heavy metals 5 mg/lChromium 6 0.5 mg/lcadmium (Cd) 0.2 mg/llead(Pb) 1 mg/lMercury(Hg) 0.2 mg/lSilver(Ag) 0.5 mgCopper(Cu) 1.5 mgNickel(Ni) 1 mg/lbioter 2 mg/lArsenic(As) 2 mg/lBoron(B) 1 mg/lMercury 0.2Nickel 0.1

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Silver 0.5

3.3.4 EEAA ESIA guidelines related to the Public ConsultationConsultation with the community and concerned parties, where all the stakeholders are invited,should clearly provide attendees with the necessary information about the project. Paragraph 6.4.3of EEAA EIA guidelines provides detailed information about the scope of public consultation,methodology and documentation thereof Paragraph 6.4.3.1 Scope of Public Consultation Paragraph 6.4.3.2 Methodology of Public Consultation Paragraph 6.4.3.3 Documentation of the Consultation Results Paragraph 7 Requirement and Scope of the Public Disclosure

3.3.5 Work Environment and Occupational Health and SafetySeveral laws and decrees tackle occupational health and safety provisions at the work place, inaddition to Articles 43 – 45 of Law 4/1994, which address air quality, noise, heat stress, and theprovision of protective measures to workers. These laws and decrees apply to the work crew thatwill be involved in construction activities.

Law 12/2003 on Labor and Workforce Safety and Book V on Occupational Safety and Health(OSH) and assurance of the adequacy of the working environment. The law also deals with theprovision of protective equipment to workers and fire-fighting/emergency response plans.Moreover, the following laws and decrees should be considered:

Minister of Labor Decree 48/1967. Minister of Labor Decree 55/1983. Minister of Industry Decree 91/1985 Minister of Labor Decree 116/1991.

The environmental aspects that have to be taken in consideration for the workplace are noise,ventilation, temperature, and health and safety, which are as follows

3.3.5.1 NoiseAnnex 7 of the Executive Regulations amended in 2012 stipulates the permissible limits for soundintensity and safe exposure times that must be observed by the operators for the work areas andplaces within the proposed project.

Table 3-7 - Permissible noise levels inside sites of productive activities (Table 1, Annex 7 of theExecutive Regulations)

No. Type of place and activityMaximum permissibleequivalent noise level[db(A)]

ExposureDuration

1. a) Work places (workshops and industries) 90 8

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with up to 8 hour shifts (licensed before2014)b) Work places (workshops and industries)with up to 8 hour shifts (licensed since2014)

85 8

For the first item (a, b) the exposure duration shall be decreased by half if the noise level increasesby 3 dB (A) combined with using ear plugs. This is to avoid any impacts on the sense of hearing.

The instantaneous noise level shall not exceed 135 dB (A) during working period.

The noise level is measured inside working areas and closed areas in LAeq according to theinternational guidelines (Parts 1&2) ISO 9612/ ISO 1996 or the Egyptian specifications No. 2836part 1 & 2 and No. 5525 concerning this matter.

Equivalent noise level LAeq is the average acoustic pressure at the level of measurement (A) during aspecific time period, and expressed in dB.

Table 3-8 -Maximum permissible exposure to heavy hammers (Table 2, Annex 7 of ExecutiveRegulations)

Peak Noise Intensity Level[dB(A)] LcPeak

135 130 125 120 115

Number of Allowable Strikesduring Working Hours 300 1000 3000 10000 30000

The intermittent noise exposure depends on the noise level intensity presented in the previous table(number of strikes per shift).

The hammer strikes are considered intermittent if the duration between strikes 1 second or more. Ifthe duration is less than 1 second, the strikes are considered continuous and the noise level shallcomply with Table 1 of Annex 7 of the executive regulations.

3.3.6 Petroleum pipelines Law 4/1988The petroleum pipelines law 4/1988 states that the owner of a property should allow the passing ofpipelines transporting liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons beneath the ground surface in accordancewith the procedure mentioned in the executive regulations (Decree 292/1988).

Article 2 of the law specifies that no buildings or trees, other than agricultural land trees, should beconstructed or planted at a distance less than 2 m on each side of the pipeline inside urban and 6 mon each side of the pipeline outside the urban areas. If it is necessary to place the pipelines at acloser distance than what is specified in the law, it is allowed through a decision from the chairmanof Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation (EGPC); taking into consideration the necessary safetyprecautions.

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The law also specifies that if the activities done in accordance to the law will result in damage to theproperty, the owner has the right to a fair compensation to be decided by a committee formed by adecision from the Minister of Petroleum, and the executive regulations include the guidelines forcompensation estimation.

3.3.7 Traffic Related LawsThe applicable laws regarding the traffic and work done in relation to roads is governed by Trafficlaw 66/1973 amended by law 121/2008. The law is concerned with traffic planning during theconstruction of projects. Law 140/1956 is also concerned with the utilization and blockage of publicroads, and Law 84/1968 is also concerned with public roads, including Highways, main roads andregional roads.

The governing laws require that no works that could affect the traffic flow be undertaken withoutprior permission, and specifies that the competent administrative authority could utilize public waysfor a fee. The executive regulations of law 140/1956 outlines the specifications for the managementof construction and demolition debris, and in general prohibits vehicle drivers to cause any roadpollution by dumping wastes, or construction wastes, or any other material.

3.3.8 Relevant international treaties to which Egypt is a signatoryEgypt has signed and ratified a number of international conventions that commit the country toconservation of environmental resources.

International Plant Protection Convention (Rome 1951) African convention on the conservation of nature and natural resources (Algeria 1968) UNESCO Convention for the protection of the world cultural and natural heritage (Paris, 16

November 1972) Convention on International Trade In Endangered Species Of Wild Fauna And Flora

(CITES) (Washington 1973) International tropical timber (Geneva 1983) Basel Convention on the control of trans-boundary movements of hazardous wastes and

their disposal (1989) United Nations convention on climate change (New York 1992). The convention covers

measures to control greenhouse gas emissions from different sources includingtransportation.

United Nations Convention on climate change and Kyoto Protocol (Kyoto 1997) Convention on biological diversity (Rio de Janeiro 1992), which covers the conservation of

habitats, animal and plant species, and intraspecific diversity. Convention for the protection of the ozone layer (Vienna 1985) Convention for the prevention and control of occupational hazards caused by carcinogenic

substances and agents (Geneva 1974)

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Convention for the protection of workers against occupational hazards in the workingenvironment due to air pollution, noise and vibration (Geneva 1977)

International Labor Organization: core labor standards are to be followed during the projectimplementation. Egypt has been a member state of the ILO since 1936, and has ratified 64conventions which regulate the labor standards and work conditions. In 1988, Egypt ratifiedthe Occupational Safety and Health Convention of 1979 (No 152).

Cultural Heritage: respecting cultural heritage and not financing projects which threaten theintegrity of sites that have a high level of protection for reasons of cultural heritage, e.g.UNESCO World Heritage sites

Consultation, Participation and Public Disclosure: The Aarhus Regulation promotestransparency of environmental information and the inclusion of stakeholders in projects.Consultation serves to identify and manage public concern at an early stage. The regulationsinclude provisions for the public disclosure of key project information such as the Non-Technical Summary and the ESIA.

3.4 World Bank Safeguard PoliciesInternational funding agencies, such as the WB require that the projects they finance to be incompliance with both the country’s national standards as well as their own environmental and socialpolicies. Therefore, in addition to the national regulations, the project aims at complying with theWB safeguard policies and guidelines. The policies help to ensure the environmental and socialsoundness and sustainability of investment projects. They also support integration of environmentaland social aspects of projects into the decision-making process. In addition, the policies promoteenvironmentally sustainable development by supporting the protection, conservation, maintenance,and rehabilitation of natural habitats.

The World Bank (WB) has identified 10 environmental and social safeguard policies that should beconsidered in its financed projects. The proposed project is classified as Category A according to theWorld Bank. This mandates a full Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA).

Table 3-9 - World Bank safeguard operational policies and their applicability to the projectSafeguard Policy Triggered JustificationsEnvironmental Assessment(OP/BP 4.01)

Yes The project is classified as Category A which requiresfull environmental assessment.

Natural Habitats(OP/BP 4.04)

No Location and alignment of project components ismainly along (or close to) previously paved paths.Protected Areas, if encountered, will be avoided.

Forests (OP/BP 4.36) No Proposed project areas contain No forests.Pest Management (OP 4.09) No The proposed project will not involve purchasing or

using Pesticides or herbicides.Physical Cultural Resources(OP/BP 4.11)

No No proposed activities will pass through archeologicalsites and no cultural resources will be impacted.

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Indigenous Peoples(OP/BP 4.10)

No No indigenous people are identified in Egypt.

Involuntary Resettlement(OP/BP 4.12)

No No physical or economic involuntary displacement isexpected. Temporary land acquisition has been agreedupon with Suez Petroleum Processing Company.Permanent land for the valve rooms is public property.

Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37) No Not relevant to the proposed projectProjects on InternationalWaterways (OP/BP 7.50)

No Not relevant to the proposed project. The pipeline willpass beneath the waterways. It will not cross any waterway.

Projects in Disputed Areas(OP/BP 7.60)

No Not relevant to the proposed project

3.4.1 OP 4.01 – Environmental AssessmentAccording to the World Bank Operational Policy OP 4.01, the Natural Gas Connection Project is classifiedamong Category A projects. Projects under this Category are likely to have significant adverse environmentalimpacts that are sensitive1, diverse, or unprecedented.Likely environmental impacts of the project shall be analyzed and mitigation measures proposed for expectednegative impacts, along with an Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan.

3.4.2 OP 4.09 – Pest ManagementThe proposed project will not involve purchasing or using any pesticides or herbicides

during the project activities including the right of way maintenance.

3.4.3 OP 4.11 – Physical Cultural ResourcesProject areas do not include sites, buildings and monuments that fall under the definition of Physical CulturalResources2.

3.4.4 OP 4.12 – Involuntary ResettlementAccording to the WB’s safeguard policy on Involuntary Resettlement, physical and economicdislocation resulting from WB funded developmental projects or sub-projects should be avoided orminimized as much as possible. Unavoidable displacement should involve the preparation andimplementation of a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) or a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF), toaddress the direct economic and social impacts resulting from the project or sub-project’s activitiescausing involuntary resettlement.

1 A potential impact is considered “sensitive” if it may be irreversible (e.g., lead to loss of a major natural habitat) or raiseissues covered by OP 4.10, Indigenous People; OP 4.04, Natural Habitats; OP 4.11, Physical Cultural Resources; or OP 4.12,Involuntary Resettlement.2 Physical Cultural Resources are defined as movable or immovable objects, sites, structures, groups of structures, andnatural features, and landscapes that have archeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious, aesthetic, orother cultural significance.

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It is envisaged that the project on hand will not result in any physical or economic dislocation of people.

3.4.5 World Bank Environmental, Health, and Safety GuidelinesThe general World Bank Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines in addition to the WorldBank Onshore Oil and Gas Development EHS guidelines will be followed to ensure that the projectcomplies with the Environmental Health and Safety standards and requirements of the WB duringthe different phases of the project.

3.5 Gap analysis for key Egyptian and WB environmental issuesThis section outlines the key requirements of both the Egyptian Legislations and the World Bankpolicies and the gaps between the requirements of the two entities.

3.5.1 Air QualityTable 3-10 - Ambient Air Quality limits in the Egyptian legislations and WB standards

Requirements of EgyptianLegislation Requirements of World Bank

Outdoor Air Pollutants (in urban andindustrial areas) as per Article 34 of law4/1994 amended by law 9/2009 andAnnex 5 of the Executive Regulationsamended by Decree 710/2012.

Ambient Air Quality as per OP 4.01 IFC GeneralEHS Guidelines (Table 1.1.1 34)

ExposurePeriod 1 hr 8 hr 24 hr 1 year 1 hr 8 hr 24 hr 1 year

CarbonmonoxideCO (µg/m3)

30(urbanandindus.)

10(urbanandindus.)

N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Sulphurdioxide SO2

(µg/m3)

300(urban)350(indus.)

N/A


50(urban)60(indus.)

N/A N/A

125 (IT-1)50 (IT-2)20(guideline)

N/A

NitrogenOxidesNOx(µg/m3)


N/A


60(urban)80(indus.)

200(guideline) N/A N/A

40(guideline)

3World Health Organization (WHO). Air Quality Guidelines Global Update, 2005.4 IT stands for Interim Target, which are the increment values that should be targeted by an organizationduring the implementation of a project leading to the recommended guideline values.

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ParticulatesPM10

(µg/m3)N/A N/A


70(urban)70(indus.)

N/A N/A

150 (IT-1)100 (IT-2)75 (IT-3)50(guideline)


ParticulatesPM2.5

(µg/m3)N/A N/A

80(urban)80(indus.)

50(urban)50(indus.)

N/A N/A

75 (IT-1)50 (IT-2)37.5 (IT-3)25(guideline)


TotalsuspendedparticlesTSP(µg/m3)

N/A N/A



N/A N/A N/A N/A

Ozone O3

(µg/m3)



N/A N/A N/A160 (IT-1)100(guideline)

N/A N/A

In case of any discrepancy between the requirements of Egyptian legislations and the requirementsof the World Bank, the requirements of the World Bank will be applied; since it’s the funding entity.However, the Egyptian limits will be applied for the following cases, since there are nocorresponding limits in the World Bank standards to these parameters:

Carbon monoxide limits Sulfur dioxide limits for 1 hour, and 1 year Nitrogen oxide limits for 24 hours Total suspended particulates limits Ozone limits for 1 hour

3.5.2 Water QualityTable 3-11 - Egyptian legislations and WB standards concerning Water Quality

Requirements of Egyptian Legislations Requirements of World BankReference Requirements Reference Requirements

Executive Regulationsissued by decree92/2013 of Law

States the standards anspecifications of freshwaterways quality to

OP 4.01IFC General EHSGuidelines:

Projects with thepotential to generateprocess wastewater,

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48/1982 (Article 49) which industrial watercan be discharged

Environmental sanitary (domestic)sewage, or stormwatershould incorporate thenecessary precautionsto avoid, minimize,and control adverseimpacts to humanhealth, safety, or theenvironment.

Ministerial Decree No.44/2000 of law93/1962

Includes the quality ofindustrial wastewaterdischarged to thesewage network.The decree also statesthe entity shouldacquire the wastewaterdischarge licenses fromthe concernedauthorities during theconstruction andoperation phase

OP 4.01IFC General EHSGuidelines:Environmental

Includes in Table 1.3.1the indicative valuesfor treated sanitarysewage discharges

Table 3-12 - Limits for discharge of liquid effluent into sewer systemParameter/Pollutant Effluent threshold (ER

44/2000 of law 93/1962Effluent threshold (WBrequirements)

pH 6-9.5 6-9BOD (mg/l) 600 30COD (mg/l) 1100 125Total nitrogen (mg/l) 100 10Total Phosphorous (mg/l) 25 2Oil and grease (mg/l) 100 10Total suspended solids (mg/l) 800 50Total Coliform Bacteria (MostProbable Number/100 ml)

N/A 400

In case of any discrepancy between the requirements of Egyptian legislations and the requirementsof the World Bank, the requirements of the World Bank will be applied.

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3.5.3 Noise

Table 3-13 - Egyptian legislations and WB standards concerning ambient NoiseRequirements of Egyptian Legislations Requirements of World BankReference Requirements Reference Requirements

Law 4/1994 amendedby law 9/2009 and itsERs amended bydecree 1095/2011 and710/2012

Maximum allowablelimit for ambient noiseintensity

OP 4.01IFC GeneralGuidelines:EnvironmentalTable 1.7.1

Limit of noise beyondthe property boundaryof the facilities.

Law 4/1994 amendedby law 9/2009 and itsERs amended bydecree 1095/2011 and710/2012

Maximum noise limitsin work environment

IFC GeneralGuidelines:Occupational Healthand SafetyTable 2.3.1

Limit of noiseexposure inside thework environment

Table 3-14 - Limits for ambient noise as per Egyptian and WB requirementsEgyptian Law Permissible noise level WB Permissible noise levels

Area type

Maximum permissibleequivalent noise level[dB(Aeq)]

Receptor One hour LAeq

(dBA)

Day Night Daytime Night7 AM – 10PM

10 PM – 7AM

7:00 –22:00

22:00 –7:00

Sensitive areas to noiseexposure

50 40 Residential 55 45

Residential suburbs with lowtraffic flow

55 45 Industrial 70 70

Commercial and administrativeareas in city center

60 50

Residential areas with someworkshops, administrativeactivities, or recreational andentertainment activitiesoverlooking public roads lessthan 12 meters

65 55

Areas overlooking public roadsmore than or equal 12 meters,

70 60

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or industrial areas with lightindustriesIndustrial Zone with heavyindustries

70 70

Table 3-15 - Limits noise exposure in Work environments as per Egyptian and WB requirementsEgyptian Law Permissible noise level WB Permissible noise levels

Type of place andactivity

Maximumpermissibleequivalent noiselevel [dB(A)]

Exposureduration

Location/activity

Equivalent Level,LAeq, 8 hrs

MaximumLAmax,fast

a) Work places(workshops andindustries) with up to 8hour shifts (licensedbefore 2014)

90 8

HeavyIndustry(no demandfor oralcommunication)

85 dB(A) 110 dB(A)

b) Work places(workshops andindustries) with up to 8hour shifts (licensedsince 2014)

85 8

Lightindustry(decreasingdemand fororalcommunication)

50-65dB(A)

110 db(A)

Closed wedding andcelebration halls(provided that this limitdoes not exceed thehall boundaries)

95 4

Openoffices,controlrooms,servicecounters orsimilar

45-50dB(A)

N/A

Work rooms forcomputers, typewritersor similar equipment

65 -

Individualoffices (nodisturbingnoise)

40-45dB(A)

N/A

Work rooms foractivities requiringroutine mentalconcentration – Bank

60 -

Classrooms,lecture halls

35-40dB(A)

-

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lobbies, control roomsfor industrial activities,restaurants andcafeteriasHospitals, clinics,public libraries,museums, post offices,courts, mosques andworships places.

45 -

Hospitals 30-35dB(A)

40 dB(A)

Universities, schools,institutions, nursery,…etc. (insideclassrooms)

40 -

Universities, schools,institutions, nursery,...etc. (building yardsand gardens)

55 -

Residential buildings,hotels, …etc. (livingrooms)

50 -

Residential buildings,hotels, …etc.(bedrooms)

35 -

In case of any discrepancy between the requirements of Egyptian legislations and the requirementsof the World Bank, the requirements of the World Bank will be applied.

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4 Baseline Environmental and Social Conditions4.1 Description of the Environment

4.1.1 Site- LocationThe pipeline is located at the western zone of El Suez governorate. The pipeline route will start atthe valves room at Raas Bakr 16” pipeline and it extends 500 meters to the east to cross with arailway. After that, it extends 1.2 Km to the south parallel to a storm water drain to cross SalahNessim road, and then it extends 700 meters to the east again along the gulf and the residentialcolony of El Suez Petroleum Company. The pipeline continues this path till it reaches the pressurereduction station inside Suez thermal power station with a total length of 3 Km. In total, there aretwo main crossings, one with the railway and the other with Salah Nessim road.

Suez governorate is located at the northern end of the Suez Gulf. According to Figure 4-1, SuezGovernorate is bordered in the north by Ismailia, in the west by Cairo and Beni Suef, in the south bythe Red Sea Governorate, and in the east by the Governorates of North and South Sinai. Suez Cityis considered one of the main industrial cities, it has four industrial zones (light Industrial Zones,free Zones, ports, planned Industrial Zones). The Main existing industries surrounding the area ofthe pipeline include:

Petroleum industries: Petroleum Refineries (Suez refinery and El Nasr Company forPetroleum) - Petroleum distribution (Mobile Company and others) - Petroleum pipelines(Petroleum Pipes Company)- Petrochemicals (El Nasr Company for Petroleum).

Fertilizers (El Nasr Company for Fertilizers); Production of prefabricated houses and bricks; Glass production; Fishing and fish processing; and

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Figure 4-1 - Suez Governorate locationSource: EEAA, 2004

Suez governorate is also characterized by its mineral resources diversity; specifically oil and naturalgas resources, in addition to other construction material resources such as dolomite, gravels, clayfrom Gebel Attaqa and Akhaider to be used in cement and brick industries, limestone and marblefrom Mount Galala, in addition to gravel and limestone from Wadi Hugool. Suez Gulf and the RedSea are wellknown for its fishing activities; also salts are extracted from the coast shoreline.

The cultural heritage in Suez mainly depends on the ancient monuments found there of greatcultural and archeological value; such as Qalzam Hill Castle, Al-Gharieb Mosque, St. Anthonios andSt. Paul Monastery.

Suez governorate is also endowed with several tourism attractions due to the existence of manyhotels, resorts and recreational areas in Ain-Sokhna, in addition to the beautiful sceneries, naturalsites and mountains.

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4.1.2 Geological characteristicsAll geological units present on the surface in Suez Governorate are of sedimentary origin; ranging inages between Jurassic to Miocene and the Quaternary, and the following is a description of thegeological contents of the region as shown in figure:-

Figure 4-2 - Surface Geologic Map of the Central Eastern Margin of Suez

- Basement

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The oldest rocks of the Gulf of Suez region are Precambrian volcanics, metasediments deformedand metamorphosed during the Panafrican era. These units were intruded by post-tectonic granitesand granodiorites, ranging in age from 700 to 500 Ma. They’re found in the center of tilted faultblocks in the central and southern Gulf of Suez and also form the mountainous rift flanks of Sinaion the eastern side and Res Sea hills on the southwestern side of Suez Gulf.

- Paleozoic Strata

The early phase consists of red and white sandstone units up to 130 m and 380 m thick. To thenorth of the Belayim area, on the eastern margin of the Gulf of Suez, Cambrian sequences aredeveloped in a marine form whereas to the south they’re continental.

As for the late phase, the sandstones are overlain by carboniferous Umm Bogma dolomitic strata upto 40 m thick. This formation is overlain by up to 200 m of brown shallow marine sandstones ofAbu Thora formation. Therese carboniferous sandstones are intruded and capped by Permianbasalts.

- Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous strata

The early phase is characterized by thin, poorly fossiliferous strata of Triassic Qiseib of the Jurassicto lower Cretaceous Malha formation of Al-Tih group. The Qiseib Formation is about 300 m thick,and consists of unfossiliferous red beds. The Malha formation varies in thickness from 30 to 150 min the central Gulf and consists of white to pale yellow and pink, clean quartzose, cross beddedfluvial sandstones.

The upper Cretaceous sections consist of shallow marine strata that exhibit decreasing thicknessfrom North to South. The Cenomanian Raha formation is a succession of shales, sandstones andlimestones, 80 to 100 m thick. The overlying 100 m thick Turonian Wata Formation contains athicker limestone which serves as a useful marker across the central and northern Gulf. The Brownlimestone and Sudr Chalk Formations consist of 6 to 70 m of phosphatic, cherty and organic-richlimestone at the base, overlain by snow-white, hard poorly bedded chalk and chalky limestone of100-140 m thick. The total thickness of this strata is about 500 m.

- Paleocene and Eocene strata

The grey Esna Shale Formation forms a prominent marker unit that overlies the Sudr chalk. It variesin thickness from less than 1 m in places along the northeastern flank to about 35 m on the centraleastern rift margin. The Paleocene-Eocene boundary is found within the upper 3 m of the EsnaShale. Overlying the Esna shale are characteristic light buff weathering early Eocene limestones ofthe Thebes and Waseiyit formations. The composite thickness of the Eocene on the eastern side ofthe Gulf is more than 500 m.

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- Quaternary sediments

Quaternary deposits cover flat areas of low topography as well as coastal plains surrounding presentday gulf. Quaternary alluvium and wind-blown sands cover the wadi. On the coastal plains, thedeposits include loose to moderately coarse clastics that come from the older pre-rift rocks thatform the surrounding topographic heights. In addition, a series of raised beaches develop differentaltitudes, up to 90 m high on the marginal coastal rangers, including coral reefs and oyster banks.

Specific soil investigation study for the pipeline route will be conducted before the commencementof the construction activities after the contractual agreement with the construction contractor.

4.1.3 Terrain and TopographySuez governorate is located in an area characterized by its rough soil. The city of Suez and most ofthe economic institutions are situated between Jabal Ataka and Jabal Galala on the western side, andSinai Mountains on the eastern side as illustrated in Figure 4-3. Jabal Ataka and Jabal Galala areseparated by wide and shallow wadis which indicate that Egypt was located in an area of heavyrainfall in the past.These mountains play and important role in the formation of different types of precipitations suchas horizontal precipitations and fogs. The Red Sea coast is characterized by a sandy coastal plain thatvaries between 8 to 38 kilometers in width. Coral reefs are present near the shallow water of the RedSea coast, particularly at the entrance to the Gulf of Suez, Ras Mohammed, and the entrance toAkaba Bay. The dry continental climate is considered to be one of the main reasons for the existenceof such coral reefs.In general, the ground level elevation descends in the direction of the Suez Canal; as it reaches amaximum height of more than 700 meters above sea level at the western side of the governorate,and a minimum height of about 200 meters above sea level at the Gulf of Suez.

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Figure 4-3 - Topography of the surrounding area

4.1.4 SoilMost of the soil in Suez governorate is classified, according to Figure 4-4, as Red desert which ischaracterized by the salinity of its soil. Such soil type is not suitable for the cultivation of traditionalcrops like the ones cultivated in the Nile Delta region, particularly in the absence of fresh waterresources. In addition, rain-fed agriculture cannot be considered maintainable due to theunsustainability of the rain season, unlike the situation in the northern coast.

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Figure 4-4: Soil classification[Source: Ministry of Housing, Utilities and Urban Communities, 2014]

4.1.5 HydrologyThe main reservoir in Suez governorate consists of Quaternary deposits, which are made up of sandand gravel with some portions of limestone and shale stone. These deposits are thought to beoriginally from marine origins, deposited during the Pleistocene Epoch, and the process ofdeposition of the aquifer components was controlled by cracks that were activated during thedeposition, namely Bedaa and Sokhna in the north and west, in addition to the two cracks whichbound Galala El Bahariyain the south in the direction of Suez Gulf coast. The groundwater in thereservoir is of free type, which crops out at the surface. Its level is slightly higher than the sea level,so it gently slides towards the Suez Gulf. It is not likely that the groundwater system is rechargedfrom the sea. The production level of the reservoir is considered low.

4.1.6 Meteorological CharacteristicsA brief description of the different meteorological elements is presented in the following sub-sections. The following parameters refer to Suez city which are assumed to be applicable to the areaof the activity.

4.1.6.1 ClimateEgypt, as part of the North African region, is considered an arid zone although this particularactivity location may be eventually subjected to smoother arid climate than the rest of the region, asit is located in the arid desert in Lower Egypt between the delta region and the Suez Canal. The area

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of the activity is dominated by desert climatic conditions with relatively high temperature andhumidity rates especially in summer. As for winter and fall, the weather conditions are moderate andsuitable for tourism.

4.1.6.2 Air TemperatureThe mean monthly values for temperature are more or less in the same range all over the area whichreflects regional identity. The maximum values of temperature are generally recorded from April toAugust being 43oC (43-40oC) and the minimum from December to February being about 3oC (3-5oC). The monthly mean temperatures during the whole year are presented in Table 4-1.

Table 4-1 - Monthly Mean Values of Temperature[Source: EEAA, 2004]

Month Mean Temperature Value (°C)

January 14

February 15

March 18

April 21

May 25

June 28

July 29

August 29

September 27

October 25

November 20

December 16

4.1.6.3 Relative HumidityThe relative humidity plays an important role in the amount of evaporation and evapotranspiration.The mean monthly values of relative humidity are relatively similar along the year and relatively highduring the summer period. The annual mean of daily relative humidity is on the range of 44 (40-

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50%). The monthly mean values of relative humidity during the whole year are presented inTable 4-2.

Table 4-2 - Monthly Mean Values of Relative Humidity in SuezMonth Mean Relative Humidity (%)

January 73

February 65

March 48

April 30

May 19

June 20

July 24

August 26

September 33

October 39

November 64

December 81

4.1.6.4 RainfallThe amount of average rain per year is low, averaging at about 10 mm per year. The average numberof rainy days is 2 days per year. The monthly mean amount of precipitation (in mm) for the targetedarea is shown in Table 4-3.

Table 4-3 - Monthly Mean Values of Precipitation.Month Mean Annual Precipitation (mm)

January 14.5

February 3.7

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March 8.1

April 7.4

May 0.4

June 0

July 1.1

August 0

September 5.3

October 4.5

November 0.9

December 3.2

4.1.6.5 WindThe direction of prevailing wind varies for the different seasons along the year. For example, duringwinter the wind is original from the Southwest while over the spring the area is subjected to theNortheast winds to change again over the summer, having winds mainly coming from theNorthwest, and finally, over the fall season winds are found to come from the Northeast. Themonthly mean wind speed according to the exact location of the activity on the rose is presented inTable 4-4. Figure 4-5 shows the wind distribution over Suez region.

Table 4-4 - Monthly Mean Values of Wind SpeedMonth Wind Speed (m/s)

January 8.5

February 6.5

March 7.75

April 8

May 9

June 11

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July 10

August 9.5

September 10

October 6

November 5.5

December 6

Figure 4-5 - Wind rose for Suez region

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4.1.7 Existing Infrastructure

4.1.7.1 Roads:Suez region has a good integrated network of roads that connects its cities and neighboringgovernorates.

The Northern Coast International road: it extends from Salloum in the west to Rafah in the east,with a total length of 1050 km through three main development regions (Sinai, Delta, Matrouh)

Regional Eastern Linking Roads: International border road from Egyptian Rafah to Ras Al-Naqb(245 km), Suez Gulf and Red Sea Road (220 km), Qantara Road that runs to Sharm Sheikh,Nuweiba, Taba (694 km)

Regional Western Linking Roads: Cairo-Ismailia Highway (121 km), Cairo-Ain Sokhna road (110km), Cairo-Suez Highway (134 km).

It is important to note that Salah Nesim road falls on the extension of Al Ismailia Hurghada road.

4.1.7.2 Railway Network:Suez Region is connected to Egyptian Railway National Network through Cairo-Suez Line (125.8km), Ismailia-Suez Line (92.1 km). These lines are linked to the rest of national railway network.

4.1.7.3 Electricity:The region is supplied by 220 kV Plant which is then connected to the unified network. Suez regionhas 65 power station with a capacity of 220 kV. The pipeline is supposed to supply Suez Thermalpower station with natural gas.

4.1.8 Natural Disasters

4.1.8.1 Seismic activity:Although Egypt isn’t located within any of the internationally recognized seismic belts, as it falls 700km from the nearest belt, yet Egypt is not seismically safe. Egypt is exposed to earthquakes passingthrough Aqaba Gulf and Red Sea zone, however, their magnitude is non-destructive due to the weakseismic action or the lack of structure in its range. Historically, light to medium earthquakes occur inDelta, Suez and Mediterranean coast regions Figure 4-6 The following figure shows the main cracksand faults in Suez Gulf.

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Figure 4-6 - Suez Gulf Cracks’ location[Source: EEAA, 2004]

Sudden cracking point, usually known as focus, can appear anywhere on the earth’s surface, even toa depth 600-700 km. Shallow focus earthquakes (less than 40 km below earth’s surface) areconsidered the most destructive, they represent about 75% of the global seismic power emissions.The epicenter (shown in Figure 4-7) that lies right above the focus is considered the source point forearthquake measurements.

Egypt’s geological nature, Tectonic Specification, and Earthquake records showed existence ofseismic belt starting from North Red Sea passing through Suez gulf then Cairo-Alexandria direction,which caused the republic in general, and Suez in particular, to witness numerous earthquakes.

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Figure 4-7 - Epicenter location in Egypt[Source: EEAA, 2004]

4.1.8.2 Flash FloodsFlash floods take place as a result of short term heavy rains and storm events that fall on Red Seaand south Sinai. These storms and rains could cause the loss of many livelihoods and infrastructure.

Figure 4-8 below shows the main drainage basins in Suez region. A lot of studies were conducted toidentify possible mitigation measures to avoid the risk of flash floods, where Engineers designedtechniques to collect the flood water, which can hence be used to satisfy some of the needs or refillthe groundwater reservoirs. 1 bcm of water can be collected annually from flash floods in Egypt.

The pipeline route will pass close to an existing stormwater drainage channel.

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Figure 4-8 - Main drainage basins in the region[Source: National Authority for Physical Planning, Egypt Development Map 2017, 1997]

4.1.9 Traffic5

4.1.9.1 Main Access RoadsThe main regional roads providing access to the pipeline route are Cairo/Suez Desert Highway,Cairo/lsmailia Desert Highway, Suez/Hurghada Desert Highway and New Cairo (Kattamiyya)/El-Ain Al-Sokhna Freeway. The geometric characteristics of these roads are described inTable 4-6.Table 4-5 shows the operational characteristics of Suez - Hurghada road. This road servesthe movement of the passengers and goods from Suez to Hurghada and vice versa. It also servesseveral resorts, residential communities and industrial developments along this road. The traffic loadin this road fluctuates slightly, shows the average annual daily traffic records (AADT) which wereobtained from the Information Center of the General Authority for Roads, Bridges and LandTransport (GARBLT). Data were collected for 8 years (2000 – 2007) for a section of this road fromSuez to Zaafrana.

Table 4-5 - Characteristics of Suez/Hurghada RoadItem Characteristics

Road width 12m / directionNumber of lanes 2 lanes /direction

5 Information Center of the General Authority for Roads, Bridges and Land Transport, Institute of Highways andTransportation (1994): Traffic Impact Assessment. IHT.

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Median width 82mShoulder width 1.3-2 mPavement condition MediumDesign speed 110 Km/hourSpeed limit 90 Km/hourMaximum axial load 13 TonsLand uses Industrial, resorts, recreational, hotels and

public (Ain Sokhna Port)

Figure 4-9 - Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) for Suez / Hurghada Road during (2000 – 2007)

The speed limits for all highways range between 90-100 km/hr except for Kattamiyya/ El-Ain Al-Sokhna Freeway, where it’s 120 km/hr. The number of vehicles per lane capacity lies between 1800-2200 per hour. As for traffic data on these roads, the General Authority for Roads, Bridges andLand Transport (GARBLT) provided a time series on average annual daily traffic records presentedgraphically in Figure 4-10.

Table 4-6 - Geometric Characteristics of Main Regional HighwaysRoad Name Geometric Description

Cairo/Ismailia DesertHighway

Toll, dual 2-lane carriageway highway with a paved shoulder linkingCairo to Port Said and Damietta Seaports. The road is generally in a verygood condition. The average lane capacity is given as 1800vehicle/hour.

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Cairo/Suez DesertHighway

Dual 2-lane carriageway highway with a paved shoulder linking Cairo toSuez Seaport. The road is generally in a very good condition. Theaverage lane capacity is given as 1800 vehicle/hour.

New Cairo(Kattamiyyah)/ Al-Sokhna Freeway

This is a Freeway with 3 lanes in each direction with a paved shoulderlinking Cairo to El-Ain Al-Sokhna. The road is generally in a very goodcondition. The average lane capacity is given as 2200 vehicle/hour.

Figure 4-10 - Average annual daily traffic on regional roads during 1997-2007

4.1.10 Ambient Air QualityThe overall objectives of studying ambient air quality are to:

- Establish air quality baseline which will assist in the estimation of the project impact on thelocal physical, biological and social environment ;

- Verify compliance with the local and world bank regulatory limits for the ambient air quality;- Check the conditions of operation and the adequacy of controls on discharges from the

nearby suspected sources, provide a warning of unusual or unforeseen conditions and, whereappropriate, trigger a special environmental monitoring program

4.1.10.1 Recorded DataConcentrations of ambient air pollutants vary according to time and location and they are affectedby many factors such as size, number, and location of emission sources in addition to the prevailingweather conditions. This section presents overview of ambient air quality for the Suez governorate

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in order to provide a general idea about the concentrations of primary air pollutants at the studyarea, followed by an ambient air quality survey conducted close to the project location.The figures below show the ambient levels of pollutants in Suez to give an overview about the airquality in the region.

Figure 4-11 - SO2 (ug/m3) average levels in Suez Districts, 24-hour measurements[Source: EEAA, Suez Department, Air Quality Monitoring Results, 2002]

Figure 4-12 -NO2 (ug/m3) average levels in Suez Districts, 24-hour measurements[Source: EEAA, Suez Department, Air Quality Monitoring Results, 2002]

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Figure4-13 -PM10 (ug/m3) average levels in Suez Districts, 24-hour measurements[Source: EEAA, Suez Department, Air Quality Monitoring Results, 2002]

Figure4-14 - TSP (ug/m3) average levels in Suez Districts, 24-hour measurements[Source: EEAA, Suez Department, Air Quality Monitoring Results, 2002]

Table 4-7 illustrates the NO2 and SO2 measurements in Suez through 2000 to 2008, as some of themajor pollutants, the sulphur and nitrogen dioxides annual average concentrations were below thenational limit for all years between the measured years.

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Table 4-7 - Annual Average Concentrations of NO2 and SO2 at Suez GovernorateParameters 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

NO2 33 37 60 36 35.5 40.5 27.2 8.8 5.8

SO2 17 22 22 29 44.3 15.7 12.3 41.8 27.2

4.1.10.2 Site Specific Air Quality AssessmentAir quality measurements have been carried out, as part of the baseline description for theEnvironmental and Social Impact Assessment of the Suez pipeline project, in two points SalahNasim Road and School in Suez governorate, which are considered the sensitive receptors.

The baseline air quality measurements were conducted on a basis of 8 hours with one-hour intervalsfor carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), Total SuspendedParticulates (T.S.P) and particulate matter (PM10) for two specific different locations where the airquality complies with the national guidelines for all the analyzed parameters. Standard ambient airquality monitoring instruments were used under the supervision of experienced specialists.

Air quality measurement specifications are shown in Annex 5.

4.1.10.3 Sampling StrategyThe selection of the active air measurement location is based on the nature of the surroundingactivities, the location of the nearest sensitive receptors with respect to the project plots, prevailingwind direction, site topography and the future layout of the proposed project components.Moreover, the selection is based on the guidelines stated in the American Society for TestingMaterials (ASTM) reference method.

The measurement location was chosen on the basis that it’s beside a school and near a residentialarea beside a main road and close to the pipeline route. The GPS coordinates of the selectedAmbient Air monitoring locations.

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Figure 4-15 - Air Measurement Location (Salah Nassim School)

Table 4-8 - Air Measurements’ LocationLocation Latitude LongitudeSalah Nasim school / Residential area 29°57'7.28"N 32°29'38.83"E

4.1.10.4 Analysis ResultsThe air quality at the sampling location is exhibiting acceptable levels of classic air pollutants incomparison with the Egyptian limits and the World Bank limits. The analysis results of monitoringprocess are presented in the following table; Table 4-9.

Table 4-9 -One hour average results (µg/m3)Time NO NO2 NOx SO2 CO PM10 T.S.P

10:AM 21.1 24.8 45.9 11.2 2.4

133 142

11:00 13.9 16.7 30.4 12.3 312:00 15.2 25.1 40.3 12.1 3.113:00 15.5 28.1 43.6 13.8 3.214:00 19.3 34.8 54.1 13.7 2.315:00 37.7 41.8 79.5 14.5 316:00 11.5 16.2 37.7 16.5 3.117:00 12.2 17.5 29.7 14.6 2.5National Limits 150 150 150 150 10 (mg/m3) 150 230

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World Bank Limits N/A N/A N/A 125 (It-1) N/A 150 (It-1) N/A

* IT stands for Interim Target, which are the increment values that should be targeted by an organization during the implementation of aproject leading to the recommended guideline values.

All the recorded data showed compliance with the national and international guidelines for ambientair quality. Moreover, the area is mainly desert with a very scarce source for any pollution other thanthe nearby highway.

4.1.11 Noise

4.1.11.1 Site specific assessmentNoise measurements methodology and measurement method are discussed in Annex 5. The mainresults are shown in the following tables.

Table 4-10 - Ambient Noise Levels Readings at day

Time

Sound Level Equivalent & Percentile Recordings indBA for 8 Hours

Permissible LimitsLAeq(dBA)

LAeq LA10 LA50 LA90 LA95 LCpeak National International10:00 66.7 50.52 46.05 39.93 37.27 116.97

65 55

11:00 67.3 49.06 34.62 28.4 27.83 121.5212:00 73.7 56.87 47.47 39.7 37.8 104.9613:00 77.6 57.38 49 41.11 39.06 105.7714:00 87.9 52.54 41.9 36.13 34.77 93.715:00 79.1 54.52 42.65 5.86 34.17 105.5716:00 57.8 60.94 53.44 45.95 43.89 104.9317:00 77.4 58.67 49.75 38.61 36.17 99.24By substituting in the noise level equation in Annex 5, the equivalent sound level = 81.2 dBA

Table 4-11 - Ambient Noise Levels Readings at night

Time



LAeq LA10 LA50 LA90 LA95 LCpeak National International19:00 53.82 50.52 46.05 39.93 37.27 116.97

55 4520:00 57.96 49.06 34.62 28.4 27.83 121.5221:00 52.12 56.87 47.47 39.7 37.8 104.9622:00 51.5 57.38 49 41.11 39.06 105.7723:00 57.9 52.54 41.9 36.13 34.77 93.7

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Time



LAeq LA10 LA50 LA90 LA95 LCpeak National International00:00 49.12 54.52 42.65 35.86 34.17 105.5701:00 48.89 60.94 53.44 45.95 43.89 104.9302:00 48.5 58.67 49.75 38.61 36.17 99.24By substituting in the noise level equation in Annex 5, the equivalent sound level = 55 dBA

The previous analysis results show that the noise level beside Salah Nassim School already exceedsboth the Egyptian and World Bank regulations in the daytime, and exceeds the World Bankregulations in the night time.

4.1.12 Water: Availability and Quality

4.1.12.1 Fresh-water resources

4.1.12.2 There are no fresh water resources adjacent to the pipeline surrounding area; hencefresh water needed for the project will be sourced using fresh water trucks.

4.1.12.3 Sea-water ResourcesThe pipeline route extends along the Gulf of Suez coast with an approximate length 500meters.

It is important to note that water currents in the Gulf are affected by different factors, which includebut not limited to: wind properties, different water salinities as well as sea tide and rise. The regionalbranch of the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency in Suez Governorate has concluded in one ofthe studies that the salinity differences does not affect the sea-water currents because still it is asingle water body. The study also confirms that the sea currents associated with the northeast winddirects the water to the southwestern direction. The tides occur twice a day in the Suez Gulf; wherethe direction of the wind -associated with the tide is northern and the direction of tidal currentssouthern. There are minor seasonal differences that accompany the sea-rise currents. Still, thepipeline will not be affected by the sea tide and rise in the Gulf of Suez. Figure 4-16 shows thechanges in the Suez Gulf levels throughout the year.

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Figure 4-16 - changes in Suez gulf water levels throughout the year

4.1.13 Site Visit FindingsA site visit was conducted at the proposed Suez pipeline site; the area is found to be desert area. Theproposed path will pass adjacent to Salah Nesim School, and on the borders of the ResidentialCompound of Suez Petroleum Company. Also, the line will intersect with Salah Nesim road, andstorm drainage. Salah Nassim School was chosen to be the most sensitive receptor in this zone toconduct the baseline air and sound measurements. An ecological survey was also conducted alongthe route of the pipeline to describe the existing flora and fauna in the baseline. The figures belowshow the important locations on site as pointed in Figure 4-17.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Jan Feb Mar April May June Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Sea level

Sea level

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Figure 4-17-Location Map

Figure 4-18 - Location 1 Valve room location

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Figure 4-19 - Location 2 Storm drainage and Salah Nesim School

Figure 4-20 - Location 3: Pipeline path along shoreline, parallel to residential area

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Figure 4-21 - Location 4 End of Pipeline

4.1.14 Ecology and Biodiversity

4.1.14.1 OverviewEgypt is known for its rich natural heritage and according to the National Strategy and Action Planto maintain biodiversity which was prepared in 1988, Egypt has several rare breeds and a diversenatural environment such as coral reefs, sand dunes and mangroves.

The Gulf of Suez and the Red Sea are considered as one of the four most environmentallysignificant areas in Egypt and are home to several distinctive species of fauna and flora. The plantkingdom in the area is home to 44 strains of virus, 238 species of bacteria, 1260 species of fungi,1148 types of Algae, 369 species of non-flowering plants, and 2072 species of flowering plants. Theanimal kingdom in the Gulf of Suez is home to 10,000 species of insects, 1422 vertebrate species,755 species of fish, 105 breeds of reptiles and amphibians, 470 bird species, and 126 species ofmammals.

Figure 4-22 illustrates the biodiversity richness in the Gulf of Suez and shows the main routes of themigratory birds in the area. Furthermore turtle nesting areas, fish spawning areas, coral reefs andseaweed are also illustrated in Figure 4-22.

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Figure 4-22 - Main routes for migratory birds[Source: GEF for the Red Sea and Gulf of Adan, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia]

4.1.14.2 IUCN Red ListThe International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species isevaluates the conservation status of plant and animal species and is widely recognized as acomprehensive global approach. The IUCN Red List highlights plant and animal species that arefacing a higher risk of global extinction by listing them as Critically Endangered, Endangered andVulnerable. Table 4-12 shows the Red List of Egypt’s terrestrial species without taking intoconsideration extinct species, extinct in the wild or of least concern. No endemic or endangeredspecies are located in or around the project sites.

Table 4-12 - Red List Species of EgyptSpecies Status Population

Trend

Fauna

Acanthodactylus pardalis (Leopard Fringe-fingeredLizard)

Vulnerable Decreasing

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Species Status PopulationTrend

Acinonyx jubatus (Cheetah) Vulnerable Decreasing

Addax nasomaculatus (Addax) CriticallyEndangered

Decreasing

Allactaga tetradactyla (Four-toed Jerboa) Vulnerable Unknown

Ammotragus lervia (Aoudad) Vulnerable Decreasing

Aquila clanga (Greater Spotted Eagle) Vulnerable Decreasing

Aquila heliaca (Eastern Imperial Eagle) Vulnerable Decreasing

Capra nubiana (Nubian Ibex) Vulnerable Decreasing

Caretta caretta (Loggerhead) Endangered (needsupdating)

Chelonia mydas (Green Turtle) Endangered Decreasing

Chersophilus duponti (Dupont's Lark) Near Threatened Decreasing

Chlamydotis undulata (Houbara Bustard) Vulnerable Decreasing

Circus macrourus (Pallid Harrier) Near Threatened Decreasing

Coracias garrulus (European Roller) Near Threatened Decreasing

Crocidura floweri (Flower's Shrew) Data Deficient Unknown

Crocidura religiosa (Egyptian Pygmy Shrew) Data Deficient Unknown

Emberiza cineracea (Cinereous Bunting) Near Threatened Decreasing

Eretmochelys imbricata (Hawksbill Turtle) CriticallyEndangered

(not given)

Falco cherrug (Saker Falcon) Endangered Decreasing

Falco concolor (Sooty Falcon) Near Threatened Decreasing

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Falco naumanni (Lesser Kestrel) Vulnerable Decreasing

Falco vespertinus (Red-footed Falcon) Near Threatened (not given)

Felis margarita (Sand Cat) Near Threatened Unknown

Ficedula semitorquata (Semi-collared Flycatcher) Near Threatened Decreasing

Gazella dorcas (Dorcas Gazelle) Vulnerable Decreasing

Gazella gazella (Mountain Gazelle) Vulnerable Decreasing

Gazella leptoceros (Slender-horned Gazelle) Endangered Decreasing

Geochelone sulcata (African Spurred Tortoise) Vulnerable (needsupdating)

Geronticus eremita (Northern Bald Ibis) CriticallyEndangered

Decreasing

Hippopotamus amphibius (CommonHippopotamus)

Vulnerable Decreasing

Hyaena hyaena (Striped Hyaena) Near Threatened Decreasing

Meriones sacramenti (Buxton's Jird) Vulnerable Decreasing

Milvus milvus (Red Kite) Near Threatened (not given)

Monachus monachus (Mediterranean Monk Seal) CriticallyEndangered

Decreasing

Neophron percnopterus (Egyptian Vulture) Endangered Decreasing

Numenius arquata (Eurasian Curlew) Near Threatened Decreasing

Oryx leucoryx (Arabian Oryx) Endangered Decreasing

Panthera leo (Lion) Vulnerable Decreasing

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Panthera pardus (Leopard) Near Threatened Decreasing

Paragomphus sinaiticus Vulnerable Unknown

Pelecanus crispus (Dalmatian Pelican) Vulnerable Decreasing

Philochortus zolii CriticallyEndangered

Decreasing

Pipistrellus ariel (Desert Pipistrelle) Data Deficient Unknown

Plecotus christii Data Deficient Unknown

Rhinolophus mehelyi (Mehely's Horseshoe Bat) Vulnerable Decreasing

Serinus syriacus (Syrian Serin) Vulnerable Decreasing

Spalax ehrenbergi (Middle East Blind Mole Rat) Data Deficient Decreasing

Telescopus hoogstraali Endangered Decreasing

Testudo graeca (Spur-thighed Tortoise) Vulnerable (needsupdating)

Testudo kleinmanni (Kleinmann's Tortoise) CriticallyEndangered

Decreasing

Testudo werneri (Negev Tortoise) CriticallyEndangered

Decreasing

Torgos tracheliotos (Lappet-faced Vulture) Vulnerable Decreasing

Trapelus savignii (Savigny's Agama) Vulnerable Decreasing

Flora

Dracaena ombet Endangered (not given)

/Medemia argun CriticallyEndangered

(not given)

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4.1.14.3 Important Bird Areas and Bird SpeciesAccording to a report by Bird Life International the project site lies within an important Bird Areawhich is represented by a red circle in Figure 4-24. The area is considered a major flyway forPalearctic migrant birds and serves as a concentration point for large birds of prey. Furthermore theSuez area is considered a migration bottleneck for water birds. Project activities are not expected todisrupt the flying patterns of these birds or their natural behavior.

Table 4-13shows some of the most common bird species found in the Suez governorate whileFigure 4-23 presents a sample of these species.

Table 4-13 - Common Bird Species in Suez GovernorateSpecies

Common Name Scientific Name

Honey Buzzard

Black Kite

Egyptian Vulture

Spotted Eagle

Red-Footed Falcon

Lesser Kestrel

Cormorant

Bittern

Cattle Egret

Grey Heron

Greater Flamingo

Curlew

Rock Dove

Swallow

Pernis ptilorhynchus

Milvus migrans

Neophron percnopterus

Clanga clanga

Falco vespertinus

Falco naumanni

Phalacrocoracidae

Botaurinae

Bubulcus ibis

Ardea cinerea

Phoenicopterus roseus

Numenius

Columba livia

Hirundinidae

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Species


Warbler

Shrike

House crow

Parulidae

Laniidae

Corvus splendens

Figure 4-23 - Left: Bubulcus ibis, Right: Clanga clanga

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Figure 4-24 -: Important Bird Areas of Egypt6

During the ecological survey of the site, a large number of house crows (Corvus splendens) werepresent as can be seen in Figure 4-25.

6BirdLife International (2016) Country profile: Egypt. Available from: http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/country/egypt.Checked: 2016-03-31

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Figure 4-25 - House Crow

4.1.14.4 FaunaAccording to the Egyptian 4th National biodiversity Report (2009) three common species of reptileswere documented to be found in the Suez Governorate namely the Turkish and Pigmy Gecko,Saharan Sand Snake and Horned Viper. Table 4-14 gives the most common mammal speciesdocumented in the Suez governorate while Figure 4-26 presents a sample of these species.. Duringthe ecological survey no presence of fauna was detected in the project site, as they are less activeduring daylight hours.

Table 4-14 - Common Mammal Species in Suez GovernorateSpecies


Cape Hare

Spiny Mouse

Short Tailed Bandicoot Rat

Fat Sand Rat

Red Fox

Stripped Hyena

Hyrax

Lepus capensis

Acomys

Nesokia indica

Psammomys obesus

Vulpes vulpes

Hyaena hyaena

Hyracoidea

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Dorcas Gazelle Gazella dorcas

Figure 4-26 - Left: Lepus capensis, Right: Vulpus vulpus

4.1.14.5 FloraAlthough no rare floral species were encountered during the ecological survey of the project site thefollowing species were documented to be most commonly found in the Suez governorate accordingto environmental description report of the Suez governorate (EEAA, 2004):

Juncus Rigidus

This species is known to typically grow in sandy, saline areas, in desert and steppe regions and canbe most commonly found in the margins of pools and in marshes7. According to the IUCN red listof threatened species there is no significant past, ongoing or future threats to this species.

Tamaric Nilotica

This species is known to grow in the banks of the Nile and its tributaries, canal banks, and at theedges of ponds and springs8. The species is identified as being least concern under the IUCN red listof threatened species.

Nitraria Retusa

7 Lansdown, R.V. & Juffe Bignoli, D. 2013. Juncus rigidus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013:e.T185693A13559337. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T185693A13559337.en. Downloaded on 26March 2016.8 Akhani, H. 2014. Tamarix nilotica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014:e.T19179434A46081355. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T19179434A46081355.en. Downloadedon 26 March 2016

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This type of vegetation is known to grow in salt marshes and semi-arid saline areas of deserts andhelps in stabilizing loose soils9.

Limonium Pruinosum

This plant community is a non-succulent semi-shrub which occupies two distinct habitats littoral saltmarsh and desert limestone cliffs. L. Pruinosum dominates a community common in the Gulf ofSuez region.

Phoenix Dactylifera

Also known as date palm is a flowering plant species in the palm family and is most commonlycultivated for its edible sweet fruit.

Archrocnemum Macrostachyum

This community is most commonly found around the Red Sea coast which contains the highestlevels of soluble salt in its soils.

9 Kubitzki, Klaus (2010). Flowering Plants. Eudicots: Sapindales, Cucurbitales, Myrtaceae. Springer Science & BusinessMedia. pp. 273–275. ISBN 978-3-642-14397-7.

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Figure 4-27 - Top Left: Juncus Rigidus, Top right: Archrocnemum Macrostachyum, Bottom:Nitraria Retusa

4.1.14.6 ProtectoratesAccording to Figure 4-28 which shows the protected areas of Egypt, no Protectorates were found inclose proximity to the project site (represented using a black circle). Areas which are covered ingreen present the current protected areas while areas covered in red are future protected areas.

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Figure 4-28 Protected Areas of Egypt[Source: EEAA, 2013]

Pipeline Location

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5 Environmental and Social ImpactsThe environmental and social advantages of upgrading the Egyptian Natural Gas Network arediverse. Natural Gas provides improved safety, reduced financial burden on the national budget, andsecure supply to the power plants. On the national level, it promotes the utilization of Egyptiannatural resources and reduces the subsidy and import burden. Even on the global level, the projectinvolves cleaner fuel with reduced carbon footprint.

A thorough analysis of environmental and social impacts is important to detail an effectivemanagement and monitoring plan which will minimize negative impacts and maximize positives.

All the potential impacts will be analyzed and discussed in the sections below. Afterwards, a ratingmatrix method will be applied to identify the significance of the impacts based on the frequency andseverity of each impact. This evaluation method is used to determine the most significant impacts,and the suitable mitigation measures that will be applied to eliminate or reduce the adverse effect ofsuch impacts on the environment and surrounding community as much as possible.

The assessment of impacts distinguishes between the construction phase and the operations phase.

5.1 Positive Impacts

5.1.1 During the construction phase

5.1.1.1 Provide direct job opportunities to skilled and semi-skilled laborersThe project is expected to result in the creation of job opportunities, both directly andindirectly. Based on similar projects implemented recently by GASCO, the daily averagenumber of workers during the peak time will be about 60 temporary workers for 6 months(total of 7000 workers days). The local community could theoretically provide a proportion ofthis temporary labour force dependent on skills needed and the strategies of the individualcontractors in sourcing their workforce.

In order to maximize employment opportunities in the local communities it is anticipated thattraining will be required for currently unskilled workers10. On-the-job training will alsosupplement opportunities for the local workforce for both temporary construction roles alsofor long-term operations phase position, where these are available.

5.1.1.2 Create indirect opportunitiesIncreased economic activity in project through the following supply chain:

• Implementation of works and provision of supplies related to construction, operationand closure of the site and ancillary facilities;

10 It was requested during the scoping sessions to establish a training center as a CSR initiative from GASCO.

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• Provision of transportation, freight and storage services to the Project;• Drivers and mini-bus owners will benefit from the transportation of the workers;• Provision of food supplies, catering, and cleaning services;• Provision of building and auxiliary materials and accessories, engineering, installation

and maintenance;• Provision of white goods, electronic appliances, communications and measurement

equipment;• Security personnel;• Retail services;• Provision of fuel;• Workers and engineers may need accommodation facilities;• National pipes and scaffold factories will be flourished.

5.1.2 During the operation phase

5.1.2.1 Economic ImpactsThe expansion of the National Natural Gas Grid has several positive economic impacts:

Support the expansion of power generation projects. The current gas connection lines willmainly provide energy source for the new “Siemens Power Stations”. The expansion inpower generation will dramatically enhance the national electricity grid;

Expanding the natural gas network will positively provide an energy source to localindustries which will indirectly create job opportunities;

Variation of the energy mix in order to reduce the dependency on imported fuel;

5.2 Negative Impacts

5.2.1 Potential Negative Impacts during Construction - Environmental Impacts

5.2.1.1 Air Quality Dust Emissions are expected to occur during the construction phase due to the on-site

activities such as land preparation, excavation and refilling activities, also in addition to themovement of the construction vehicles can generate some fugitive dust. The generation ofdust can cause negative health effect on the respiratory system of the workers, and thesurrounding community in the close vicinity of the construction works.

Minor gaseous emissions can be expected to occur from the construction activities such aswelding of pipe connections, and coating these connections with the polyethylene sheets.Additionally, gaseous emissions are expected to occur during the construction phase as a

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result of the exhaust gases from vehicles and equipment (excavator, loader, bulldozer,trailer,…) in addition to gaseous emissions from diesel generators.

However, these emissions are expected to be in small amounts and temporary. Minimal odor emissions are expected to occur during the construction phase from

chemicals, oils and paints used during the construction phase.

Due to the continuity of the construction activities, the impact level from dust emission is expectedto be High.

5.2.1.2 Aquatic and Marine EnvironmentsThe aquatic and marine environments can be impacted in case of improper disposal of constructionwastes or debris in the waterways. Also the improper disposal of the wastewater resulting from thehydrostatic testing of the pipeline can cause changes in the characteristics if the waterways used forsuch disposal.

Usually the generated wastewater, as well as water resulting from the dewatering activities duringexcavation, will be disposed of in the sewage networks, and in the case that the water will bedisposed back to the water bodies, full coordination with the Ministry of water and irrigation andwith the Holding Company for Water and Wastewater will take place, and proper testing will becarried out to ensure that the disposed water quality is within the limits required by the law.

However, in case the contractor improperly disposed construction wastes or debris in a waterway,there will be adverse impact on the aquatic environment there. Also the improper disposal of thewastewater resulting from the hydrostatic testing of the pipeline can cause changes in thecharacteristics if the waterways used for such disposal.

During construction, without good practices or proper disposal, therefore the impact on aquatic andmarine environments is expected to be High.

5.2.1.3 Noise and VibrationThe main sources of noise and vibration during the construction phase are the operation of theconstruction equipment and machinery such as diggers, cranes, loaders and transportation trucks.Increased road traffic as a result of the excavation activities will also increase the noise intensitylevel.

The negative impact will be mainly impact the operators working on the site In case the operatorsdon’t use their PPE, they may be subject to hearing loss. In addition, nearby residents will beaffected by the increased noise levels during the construction phase

The construction activities are expected to be carried out throughout the day time, and the noise andvibration impacts are expected to be High.

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5.2.1.4 Flora and FaunaThe pipeline route is located in an area with very limited flora within the surrounding regions of theroute.

Therefore, minimal impact is expected on the flora and fauna of the project area and the impact isconsidered as Low.

5.2.1.5 Land use, landscape and visual ImpactThere are no current land uses for the route area as it is located in a desert area, which is notexpected to be affected due to the project activities. Also a small part of the pipeline is expected topass through the landscape area inside the Suez petroleum company club, which will be restoredafter the completion of the construction activities.

Thus, the impact level of this aspect is considered to be Low.

5.2.1.6 Soils, Geology and HydrogeologyThe excavation activities will result in disturbance of the soil and geological characteristics. This willbe more pronounced in the trench’s area (around 1 meter depth) where excavation, pipeline laying,and soil compaction as a result of heavy equipment take place. Soil disturbance at higher depths willalso take place in case of applying auger boring or HDD technologies in main crossings. In addition,potential soil contamination may take place as a result of spillage or leaks of oils.

However, since there is no current land use for the desert area, the negative impacts on the soil isInsignificant.

5.2.1.7 TrafficAn increased number of trucks and heavy equipment will be necessary to transport the constructionmaterials and equipment to the project site during the construction phase. No rerouting will berequired as only one main road will be crossed using the HDD method which does not affect thetraffic.

The construction trucks movement can be considered to be a continuous process, with a Lowimpact.

5.2.1.8 Archaeological, Historic and Cultural HeritageThere are no archaeological concerns encounters the pipeline route, however, if any archeologicalsites are discovered during the construction activities, the proper actions will be taken to report thesite and construction will be stopped.

Thus, the impact level of this aspect is considered to be Insignificant.

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5.2.1.9 Natural Disaster RiskEarthquake and floods may disturb the construction activities. This has the potential to negativelyimpact the time schedule of the construction activities and may cause injuries or fatalities to theworkers.

However as natural disasters are not considered common in the project area, therefore the impact isexpected to be short-termed, however of Medium impact.

5.2.1.10 Major Accidents and HazardsThe construction activities may include leaks of the oil equipment and machinery which may affectthe land in the project site.

As most of the maintenance activities will be carried off site in areas specialized in such activities, theeffect of this impact is expected to be Medium and for a short-term.

5.2.1.11 Solid Waste ManagementSolid waste will comprise domestic waste, construction waste and some hazardous wastes from theproject activities. The waste is expected to include the following waste streams:Hazardous wastes: Welding belts Used oil waste Asphalt Miscellaneous containers, paint cans, solvent containers, aerosol cans, adhesive, and lubricant

containers

Non-hazardous wastes: Soil (excavated or surplus) Packaging materials Damaged products (pipes, etc.); Packing timber; Geotextiles; Paving materials; Electrical cable off-cuts; Concrete;

Domestic Wastes:

From the labor use on-site.

Adverse impacts on the environment from the possible improper disposal of the solid wastes inaddition to the increased demand for landfill space

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. Furthermore, adverse impacts from increased traffic load when transporting waste to designatedlandfills and/or disposal sites are expected. Accordingly, the impact of improper solid wastehandling is expected to be High.

5.2.1.12 Public HealthMost of the pipeline path will pass through desert areas, however for the populated areas, the dustand noise resulting from the construction activities may affect the health of the residents inpopulated areas along the pipeline route.

Care will be taken to reduce the effect of these impacts as much as reasonably practicable inpopulated area; also the duration of the construction activities in each location is expected to beshort.

The selected plot for the workers camp for Suez pipeline project will be near the populated area andthe main roads. The location of the workers camp will be decided upon before the commencementof the construction activities.

Moreover, it is not expected that there will be a spread of infectious diseases among workers such asHIV/AIDS since they are not commonly spread among the community. Additionally, the provisionsof occupational health and safety laws at the workplace will be applied.


5.2.1.13 Occupational Health and SafetyThe workers will be subjected to health and safety hazards during the construction phase from theon-site construction activities.

The impact level of this aspect is considered to be Medium.

5.2.1.14 Existing InfrastructureThe construction phase may lead to breaking any of the underground infrastructure pipelines (water,sewerage or telecommunication) which will result in negative impacts on the water supply or thetelecommunication service for the surrounding areas and in case of breaking a sewerage line, adverseenvironmental impacts may take place since the sewage may flood to the main road, and infiltrate tothe ground water and also residents of the affected area will face water shortage.

The effect of this impact is expected to be Medium and for a short period of time.

5.2.1.15 Energy UseThere will be an increase in the energy consumption during the construction phase as a result of thetransportation of equipment & construction materials to the project site as well as the equipmentused for on-site preparation (front loaders, trucks, etc).

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However, this increase in energy use is not significant and does not affect other users of energy.

5.2.1.16 Land Requirements

Permanent land acquisition: Permanent acquisition of land for the establishment of the valve rooms.For the current line 2 valve rooms are needed. 1 valve room will be allocated as public property land(25*45 m) and the other room exists at Suez Thermal Power station.

Temporary land acquisition: The line extends for 2.5 kms, hence the land requirements for constructioncan be estimated by about 50 kms11. The line passes mainly at desert areas hence temporary landdisruption will not impact in economic or physical displacement.

The impact on land acquisition is mostly temporary, localized but with limited severity, this impact isconsidered limited.

5.2.1.17 Labor conditions and occupational health and safetyThroughout this phase there will be many occupational health and safety risks to workers on thesites. These are generic risks associated with construction sites and include slips and falls; movinglorries and machinery; exposure to chemicals and other hazardous materials; exposure to electricshock and burns; weather related impacts (dehydration; heat stroke). This is short term (6-12months) but because of the large number of unskilled workers who are reluctant to use health andsafety tools.

Impact related to Occupational health and safety during the construction phase is Major

5.2.2 Potential Negative Impacts during Operation

5.2.2.1 Air QualityNo gaseous emissions are expected to occur during the operation phase except for the potentialnatural gas leak or in case of accidents and during maintenance activities. In addition, the gaseousemissions generated by natural gas combustion for power generation are much lower than thoseassociated with heavy fuel oil (mazout) or coal, which is a positive impact. Additionally, no dust orodor emissions are expected to occur during the operation phase of the project.


Calculated as Length of the route* 20 meters

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5.2.2.2 Aquatic EnvironmentThe project operation will not have any effect on the aquatic environment.


5.2.2.3 Noise and vibrationMinimal noise will be generated from the operation of the pressure reduction station.


5.2.2.4 Ecology (Flora and Fauna)The project operation will not affect the flora and fauna since the pipeline is laid underground withminimal maintenance activities.


5.2.2.5 Land use, Landscape and Visual ImpactSince the pipeline is laid underground, the land in which the pipeline passes through will regain itsusage and no visual impacts will occur.


5.2.2.6 Soil, Geology and HydrogeologyThe operation of the pipeline will not affect the soil, geology or hydrology of the land.


5.2.2.7 TrafficThe operation of the pipeline does not include any trucks’ movement or materials’ transportation.


5.2.2.8 Natural Disaster RiskNatural disasters such as earthquakes may lead to pipeline breakage. Fire or explosion may take placein the affected areas which may lead to severe injuries or death to the nearby human beings. Thismay also lead to the temporary cut-off of natural gas supply to the nearby area.

Due to the potential harm of the surrounding residents and environment, the impact level of thisaspect is considered to be High.

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5.2.2.9 Major Accidents and EmergenciesAccidents and emergencies such as release of significant amounts of natural gas due to any failure inthe pipeline, maintenance activities or as a result of accidents may take place during the operation ofthe proposed project. This may also take place as a result of sabotage or trespass.

Such accidents may result in fires in the affected areas which may lead to severe injuries or death tothe nearby human beings. This may also lead to the temporary cut-off of natural gas supply to thenearby area. A quantitative risk assessment (QRA) was conducted by GASCO to determine the levelof threat to the public in case of an accident or emergency. The results of the QRA are annexed tothe ESIA.

Due to the potential harm of the surrounding residents and environment, the impact level of thisaspect is considered to be High.

5.2.2.10 Solid and Hazardous Waste ManagementThe pipeline operation will not dispose any type of solid waste and the project will not have anegative impact in that regards.


5.2.2.11 Public HealthApart from the big accidents that may take place due to the release of significant natural gasamounts, nothing may cause adverse impacts on the public health and the project activity will nothave a negative impact in that regards.


5.2.2.12 Occupational Health and SafetyThe pipeline operation will not affect the occupational health and safety as there will be a smallnumber of workers during the inspection and maintenance activities and the project activity will nothave a negative impact in that regards.


5.2.2.13 Existing InfrastructureThe project operation will not affect the existing infrastructure and no significant impact concerningthe existing infrastructure.


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5.2.2.14 Energy useThis environmental aspect is considered a potential positive impact since the proposed project willsupport Egypt’s strategy by supplying the region with natural gas for electricity generation inaddition to supplying natural gas to the residential areas. This will eventually lead to economicgrowth as the project implementation will attract economic investments to the region.

Furthermore, the proposed project will facilitate the use of a less carbon intensive fuel (natural gas)in Suez Thermal Power Plant, with a CO2 emission factor less than that of the grid, since theemission factor of the grid takes into account the use of more carbon intensive fuels in powergeneration (Heavy fuel oil, Light fuel oil and Coal). Thus, the project will result in net reduction inthe CO2 emissions that would otherwise be generated using more carbon intensive fuels. Details ofthe calculations are mentioned in Annex 14.

Thus, the impact level of this aspect is considered to be High.

5.2.2.15 Community health and safetyIn addition to a full array of safety and emergency precautions taken by GASCO and theimplementing entities, user safety is prioritized by stating emergency precautions on the land useover the pipeline and by setting up emergency response centers. Impacts on user health and safetymay occur through improper handling of accidents.

User safety impacts could be permanent and highly severe.

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5.2.3 Summary of the expected environmental impacts during the construction and operation phases of the projectTable 5-1 - Summary of the expected environmental impacts during the construction and operation phases of the project

Activity Air QualityAquatic and

MarineEnvironment

Noise Ecology Land Use Soil Traffic CulturalHeritage

NaturalDisasters

Hazardsand

Accidents

WasteDisposal

PublicHealth

OccupationalHealth and

Safety

ExistingFacilities

Construction PhaseSitePreparation

Temporary,High

Temporary,Low

Temporary,High

NotApplicable

Temporary,Low

Temporary, Low

Temporary, Low

NotApplicable

Temporary, Low

Temporary, Low

Temporary, Low

Temporary,Low

Temporary,Medium

NotApplicable

ExcavationTemporary,

HighTemporary,Low

Temporary,High

NotApplicable

Temporary,Medium

Temporary, Low

Temporary, Medium

NotApplicable

Temporary,

Medium

Temporary, Medium

Temporary, High

Temporary,Low

Temporary,Medium

Temporary, High

PipelinesLaying

Temporary,Medium

Temporary,Low

Temporary,High

NotApplicable

Temporary,Medium

Temporary, Low

Temporary, Medium

NotApplicable

Temporary,

Medium

Temporary, Medium

Temporary, High

Temporary,Low

Temporary,Medium

Temporary, High

ValveRoomsConstruction

Temporary,High

Temporary,Low

Temporary,High

NotApplicable

Temporary,Low

Temporary, Low

Temporary, Low

NotApplicable

Temporary, Low

Temporary, Low

Temporary, High

Temporary,Low

Temporary,Medium

Temporary, Low

PressureReductionStationsConstruction

Temporary,Low

Temporary,Medium

Temporary,Medium

NotApplicable

Temporary,Low

Temporary, Low

Temporary, Medium

NotApplicable

Temporary,

Medium

Temporary, Medium

Temporary, Medium

Temporary,Low

Temporary,Medium

NotApplicable

LeakageDetection

Temporary,High Temporary,

High

Temporary,High

NotApplicable

Temporary,Low

Temporary, Low

Temporary, Medium

NotApplicable

Temporary,

Medium

Temporary, Medium

Temporary, Medium

Temporary,Low

Temporary,Medium

NotApplicable

RestoringLand andAreas

NotApplicable

Temporary,High

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

NotApplicable

Temporary, Low

Temporary, Low

NotApplicable

NotApplicable Not Applicable

NotApplicable

Operation PhasePressureReductionStationsOperation

NotApplicable Not Applicable Continuous

, LowNot

ApplicableNot

ApplicableNot

ApplicableNot

ApplicableNot

ApplicableTemporar

y, HighTemporary

, HighContinuous, Medium

NotApplicable Not Applicable Not

Applicable

GasTransportation LinesOperation

NotApplicable Not Applicable Not

ApplicableNot

ApplicableNot

ApplicableNot

ApplicableNot

ApplicableNot

ApplicableTemporar

y, HighTemporary

, HighNot

ApplicableNot

Applicable Not Applicable NotApplicable

Repairs Temporary,Medium Not Applicable Temporary,

MediumNot

ApplicableTemporary,

MediumNot

ApplicableTemporary, Medium

NotApplicable

Temporary, High

Temporary, High

Temporary, High

Temporary,Medium

Temporary,Medium

Temporary, Low

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5.3 Impacts Significance Ranking

5.3.1 Ranking MethodologyRating matrix method was applied to identify the significance of the impacts presented above forboth the construction and operation phases. Each impact will be given a rank for severity (S) andfrequency of occurrence (F). Ranks are given on a scale from 1 to 5, as shown in Table 5-2.

Table 5-2 -Scale used in Severity and Frequency Ranking of Impacts1 2 3 4 5very low Low Medium High very high

An impact is considered significant if its severity is ranked 4 or higher, or if the product of theseverity and frequency ratings is equal to 12 or higher.

To determine the severity rank, four parameters are considered, as follows:

1. Scale: How far can the impact spread? To exemplify, considerations can include the size of anarea affected by land pollution impacts, number of people affected by health impacts, etc.

2. Possibility of reducing the impact: How difficult will it be to reverse or mitigate the impact?Considerations can include, for instance, availability of technology to change impact, level ofcomplexity of available technology, capacity to apply the available technology, existence ofconstraints to change impact, etc.

3. Cost of changing the impact: How much will it cost to change the impact?, cost in relation to themeans of change considered in the above parameter

4. Effect on public image: To what degree does the impact affect the public image of the enterprise(positively for positive impacts and negatively for negative impacts)?

As for the frequency rank, two parameters are considered:

1. Probability: What is the probability of occurrence of the impact?2. Duration: How long will the impact last?

Equation 1- Formula used to Determine Aspect Significance Ranking:= , , ,= ,= × = ( × ) ≥ 12 OR ≥ 4This analysis is conducted for both the construction and operation phases of the project.

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5.3.2 Determination of Significant Impacts during the Project ConstructionThe rating system discussed above is applied to the environmental impacts resulting from thevarious aspects of the project construction stage, and the detailed assessment table is presented intable 1 of annex 12:

As seen in table 1 of annex 12, applying the impact ranking method discussed in the beginning ofthis section yields several significant negative impacts for the following aspects of the projectconstruction stage:

1. Dust emissions during the construction phase due to the on-site activities (site preparation,excavation, etc)

2. The aquatic and marine environments can be impacted in case of improper disposal ofconstruction wastes or debris in the storm drainage or costal line, and in case of improperdisposal of water resulting from hydrostatic testing.

3. Increase in noise level resulting from the construction equipment, and other excavation andconstruction works.

4. The possibility of affecting the existing infrastructure such as water and wastewater networkspipes, telephone connections.. etc. during the construction activities

5. Management of the different types of waste including domestic, hazardous and constructionwaste, such as Soil, Concrete, Welding belts, used oils, starting from their storage onsite until thefinal disposal.

6. Occupational Health and Safety aspects7. Natural disasters that might lead to delays in the work schedule8. Traffic impacts due to the increase in the number of trucks transporting construction materials

and equipment to the site.9. Effect on land use due to the excavation activities during the construction phase, and also at

road crossings with the pipeline path.

Mitigation measures for these significant impacts are discussed in chapter 7.

5.3.3 Determination of Major Impacts during Project OperationThe rating system discussed earlier is applied to the environmental impacts resulting from thevarious aspects of the project operation stage. The detailed assessment table presented in table 2 ofannex 12:

For the project operation stage, there are two significant negative impacts which appear in:

1. In case of pipeline failure due to maintenance activities, accidents, sabotage or trespass, thismay lead to the release of a significant amount of natural gas will cause major risks and tothe surrounding communities and the environment.

2. Natural disasters might lead to pipeline failure and accordingly the release of natural gas,which will cause major risks to the surrounding communities and the environment.

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The project implementation will yield one significant positive impact which is:

1. Supplying the region with natural gas for the electricity generation which will enrich thenational electricity grid.

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6 AlternativesThis chapter discusses the different possible alternatives in four main topics: alternative constructionmethods and technologies (especially in crossing roads, railways and waterways), alternative routeoptions, alternative energy sources other than natural gas, in addition to the “No action” alternative.

6.1 The “No Action” Alternative

The main target of the proposed project is to provide natural gas supply to Suez Thermal PowerPlant, in order to help meet the growing national demand. In case of having “No Action”, thepower plant will depend on Mazout “heavy fuel oil” or diesel as main fuel. In case of havingshortage in Mazout or diesel, this simply means that the power plant will not run in its full capacity,the fact which means lower electricity generation with less overall efficiency. In the past years, Egypthas suffered from several blackouts which led to social problems which have even caused somepolitical unrest. This was attributed to the shortage in fossil fuels; especially natural gas and mazout.Due to some recent natural gas discoveries, and after implementing the country’s strategy ofswitching the cement plants towards using coal instead of natural gas, the latter returns again to bethe best alternative to power plants especially that mazout and diesel are mainly imported. Despitethat, and in case of using mazout or diesel, there will be more polluting air emissions in case oftransporting it through vehicles, and even during its burning. The option of employing renewableenergy to drive the Suez Thermal Power plant is not technically or economically viable since thepower plant is already constructed and not using it is considered waste of resources. In the currenttime, it is not technically or economically feasible to fully depend on renewable energy projects tosupply the continuously increasing national demand. However, installing renewable energy projectsis part of the country’s strategy which targets to have 20% of its power generation using renewablesby 2022, and this project is not interrupting the country’s plans in this issue.

6.2 Pipeline Installation Technology Alternatives

To install a natural gas pipeline beneath the ground level, this can either be done by digging a trenchor using trenchless technologies. Trenchless technologies can be further classified as guided methodsand non-guided methods. In this analysis, the most famous technology in each category will beconsidered; namely, horizontal directional drilling representing the guided trenchless technology,auger boring representing the non-guided trenchless technology, and the open-cut representing thetrench technology.

6.2.1 Trenchless TechnologiesSection 2.3.8 presents the description of HDD and auger boring technologies. HDD has someadvantages compared to auger boring and open-cut technique as follows:

• Compared to the open-cut technology, it doesn’t cause interruption to traffic flow.

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• Compared to the open-cut technology, it causes less disturbance to the surface and sub-surface soil layers.

• Compared to the auger boring technology, it can be used for larger distances and widerrange of pipeline diameters.

• Compared to the auger boring technology, it is a surface-launched process which doesn’trequire drive pits.

• Compared to the auger boring technology, it is a guided method, and accordingly canachieve high accuracy for the pipeline path.

• Can be employed for high depths, and accordingly can avoid any breakage accidents to theexisting infrastructure lines/cables.

On the other hand, HDD suffers from some disadvantages including:

• Like any other trenchless technology, and according to the geologic condition, soil collapsemay take place during the installation.

• In case of having existing infrastructure lines/cables, there will be less flexibility in choosingthe pipeline depth, the fact which may necessitate drilling through soil layers which may beof insufficient strength to withstand the slurry’s pressure.

• Not favorable with soils containing gravels and cobbles.

6.2.2 Open-Cut MethodThis is the traditional method for pipeline installation. It is very simple technology which justdepends on excavating the soil, laying the pipeline, and backfilling. However, it is technically notpossible to be used in crossings with major waterways. It can be used in crossings with major roadsand railways; however, this will cause huge interruption to traffic as this will necessitate either re-routing or reducing the number of lanes. This will lead to reduction in the average speed of thevehicles on the road, and may affect the areas devoted for parking. This may also increase theprobability of having car accidents, in addition to negative socio-economic impacts as a result ofinterrupting the flow of people and goods. Open-cut method may be the only possible solution incase of having long pipeline distances such as in agricultural lands or desert areas.

In conclusion, the HDD/auger boring are the recommended installation technologies for thepipeline crossings with the railways and Salah Nessim main road. In the desert area from the railroadto Salah Nessim road, open-cut method may be used since this will not negatively affect theenvironment, and it will be a cheap and safe option. On the other hand, and in the area from SalahNessim road to the PRS, it is recommended to use HDD method especially in the areas adjacent tothe residential buildings there.

6.3 Routing Alternatives

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From the environmental and social point of view, the best pipeline route is the one which minimizesthe change in the land use, the interruption of the ecological nature, the intersection with residentialareas and areas with special nature such as religious buildings and historical areas. This point of viewintersects with GASCO’s strategy which aims to choose a route away from the residential areas, andin locations already containing other infrastructure pipelines/cables to minimize disturbance in newareas. GASCO has an unwritten strategy that avoids passing through any construction buildingsincluding: houses, religious buildings and historical areas.

As shown in Figure 2-1, the chosen pipeline route starts at a valves room at Raas Bakr 16” pipelineand it extends 500 meters to the east to cross with a rail way. After that, it extends 1.2 Km to thesouth parallel to a storm water path to cross with Salah Nessim road, and then it extends 700 metersto the east again to path along the gulf and the residential colony for El Suez Petroleum Company.The pipeline continues this path till it reaches the pressure reduction station inside Suez thermalpower station with a total length of 3 Km. The pipeline has a specified start point and end point,and due to the small length of this particular pipeline, there are no much routing alternativesavailable. The path was chosen for the purpose of facilitating the implementation of pipelines’welding during the construction activities as the welding process needs additional clearness space of500 m. In addition, the chosen path does not intersect with any existing residential buildings.

The chosen pipeline route achieves the environmental and social targets, and at the same time alignswith GASCO’s strategy which aims at minimizing intersection with residential areas. GASCOconducted a site survey, and analyzed all the alternatives given the start point (existing valves room)and end point (decompression station inside Suez Thermal Power Plant) of the route; it was foundthat this is the only possible route for this pipeline.

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7 Mitigation MeasuresBased on the ranking system applied in the Chapter 5 for identifying the significant impacts resultingfrom the project construction and operation phases, the construction activities will cause ninenegative impacts. Also, during the operation phase, it is expected that two negative impacts willoccur as well as one positive impact.

GASCO will implement the following mitigation measures during the construction and operationphases of the project to eliminate or reduce the probability of occurrence of the negative impacts.

The controls proposed to mitigate or enhance the negative or positive impacts, successively areelaborated in the following sub-sections.

7.1 Mitigation Measures for Impacts during Construction Phase

7.1.1 Proposed Mitigation Measures for Dust EmissionsDuring the construction phase, dust emissions are expected from on-site activities (preparation,excavation, etc.), in addition to the various construction equipment and vehicles that will be used onsite. An assigned supervisor will ensure the implementation of good site construction practices asfollows:

Appropriate setting and covering of stockpiles of friable materials with adequate cover inaddition to regular water spraying so as to minimize dust blow.

Minimizing drop heights for material transfer activities such as unloading of friablematerials.

Transportation of construction waste by a licensed contractor. Sheeting of Lorries transporting friable construction materials.

7.1.2 Proposed Mitigation Measures for Gaseous Emissions Maintaining and operating construction equipment and vehicles properly during the

construction phase and ensure the compliance of the exhaust emissions from dieselengines with the limits of the environmental law.

Ensuring that vehicles and equipment will not be left running unnecessarily to reducegaseous and exhaust emissions from diesel engines.

Using paved routes to access the site wherever possible.

7.1.3 Proposed Mitigation Measures for Solid, Construction and Hazardous WasteGeneration

The existing solid waste management procedures of GASCO will be adopted. Theexisting management system includes sections on waste reduction, material reuse and

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recycling, waste segregation with the objective of minimizing the quantity of waste thatrequires offsite disposal.

The contractor will obtain official permits from the local authorities for the disposal ofwastes (construction wastes landfills, hazardous wastes landfills,…etc) prior to thecommencement of construction activities.

Wastes will be segregated and safely temporarily stored in the allocated areas for wastestorage on the premises of the construction site in a way that doesn’t cause further trafficdisruption.

Wastes will be covered to avoid the pollution of the ambient air by dust dispersion. Adequate trucks will be used for wastes transportation and the trucks will not be

overloaded with wastes volumes. Consignments for waste disposal will be recorded

7.1.3.1 Non-Hazardous Waste Generation

The non-hazardous wastes (paper, garbage, wood, plastics,…) will be segregated andtransported to the local disposal sites by the mean of the approved contractor

The non-hazardous wastes will be transported off-site for recycling or final disposal by alicensed contractor and GASCO will supervise the disposal procedure and theconditions of the trucks.

7.1.3.2 Hazardous Waste Generation The asphalt waste resulting at the end of the construction phase will be disposed with

the construction waste, since asphalt recycling is not a common practice in Egypt.. Activities that involve fueling, lubricating or adding chemicals will not take place on-site

unless it is necessary to avoid soil pollution and generation of additional hazardouswastes. If such actions will necessarily take place on-site, they will be conducted overimpervious surfaces and a spill kit will be made available on-site.

Containers of used chemicals and oil will be collected and disposed in an approvedhazardous wastes facility in coordination with the local authorities.

The hazardous liquid waste will be collected in specific drums and transferred toauthorized petroleum companies (Misr Petroleum & Petrotrade companies) to berecycled

According to Article 33 of Law 4/1994, the contractor is required to keep up recordsand manifests in a register for the methods of waste disposal and the agencies contractedto receive such wastes.

7.1.3.3 Construction Waste Generation The construction waste generated has to be disposed in safe locations assigned by the

contractor and the local authorities before starting the construction phase. Landfill on

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Suez/Ismailia Desert Road at the 5 km road sign can be used for the disposal ofconstruction waste. However, the contractor will coordinate with the local authoritiesbefore the commencement of construction activities the exact landfill to be used

A temporary storage location near the pipeline in the construction process has to beassigned. These storage areas should be far away from the traffic congested areas.

Waste collection should occur daily and it should be transported to the approved andsafe disposal locations via adequately equipped trucks. The supervisor has to make surethat this process occurs without any hazards or problems.

Excavated soil will be reused in the backfilling of the pipeline. The excess excavated soilvolumes will be either spread all over the site in the desert area or sent to theconstruction wastes landfill.

7.1.4 Proposed Mitigation Measures for Land UseThe construction activities will affect the landscape area in the club through which the pipeline routewill pass. Therefore, the land will be restored to its original condition at the end of the constructionphase to reduce the impacts on the land use.

In addition, hazardous liquids have to be handled carefully in order to avoid the spilling or leaks soas to avoid the chances of soil contamination.

7.1.5 Damage to Existing InfrastructureThere is a high risk of damaging the infrastructure lines that have been established a long time agowithout having a proper and accurate mapping or documentation that shows the depths and theroutes of these lines (ex. Water, sewage and telecommunication lines...etc). The following mitigationmeasures will be applied to the proposed project:

The contractor will gather the most accurate area maps for infrastructure routes beforecommencing excavation.

The contractor will performs exploratory excavations manually in the area of the project inorder to avoid any damage to the existing infrastructure.

If a line break occurs, the site manager has to quickly notify the nearest police departmentand the correspondent authority (according to the type of broken pipe). The authority shallrepair the damaged line as soon as possible and the contractor will pay the repairing costs.

In case an infrastructure line is damaged, a documentation report for infrastructure pipedamage shall be prepared for the any accident, containing the following aspects:

a. Time and location of accidentb. Name of contractor/subcontractor causing the accident.c. Type of damaged infrastructure lined. Description of accident circumstances and causes in addition to the extension of

damage.

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e. Actions taken and responses of different parties, such as correspondent authorityf. Duration of fixing the damage

7.1.6 NoiseConstruction activities will cause increase in the ambient noise levels that resulting from the vehiclesand machines used for excavation and construction purposes. However, this impact is temporaryand will diminish by the end of the construction phase. The following mitigation measures willapplied to reduce the noise impact during the construction phase:.

Noise exposure periods should be minimized for workers so as not to exceed the safe limitsmentioned in the environmental laws in addition to the occupational health and safetystandards. .

Workers operating in areas or activities of high noise level intensities should be supplied withearmuffs

Contractors should train all the workers before the commencement of construction activitiesabout this hazard and how to avoid it.

If the construction is done in a populated area, construction activities must be minimizedduring night so as not to disturb the surroundings

Avoid construction activities during peak hours of heavy traffic whenever possible; especiallywhen the project site is in proximity of a sensitive receptor.

Restrictions on lorry movements to prevent noise nuisance in the early morning/late evening All machine and vehicles should be shut-off when not used.

7.1.7 Management of Traffic Disruptions Informational signs should be posted at the construction zones before the commencement

of any construction activities to inform drivers and ensure the safety of the roads. According to the Egyptian Road Code of Practice (Ministry of Housing, 1998), markings, in

the form of lane lines and directional arrows, will be posted to direct drivers to the properlane changes and turnings during the construction phase.

The contractors and the site supervisor should choose a location for temporary storage ofconstruction materials, equipment, tools, wastes and machinery before construction so asnot to cause further traffic disruptions due to routes blockages. In case lateral excavationswill take place, alternative routes should be decided upon and facilitated for the use ofdrivers. The time period of using such alternative roads should be minimized.

Pedestrian crossings can be provided if necessary. Construction work should be avoided at the traffic peak times whenever possible.

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Upon using the open-cut method in agricultural lands, alternative roads should be developedto facilitate the entrance to the farms and an agreement should be held with the owner ofthese farms beforehand

Uncontrolled off road driving will be prohibited.

7.1.8 Mitigation Measures for the Impacts of Water Bodies/Wastewater generation In case groundwater occurs in the construction site, all the necessary permits from the local

sewage or irrigation authority for dewatering should be obtained and the drainage ofdewatering water should be pre-planned

If the groundwater is contaminated or contains hydrocarbons that could be observed orsmelled, it should be collected in separate barrels and transported to a specialized wastewatertreatment facility

All liquid waste generated such as chemicals and sewage should be collected in suitable tanksto prevent their drainage over land.

The water resulting from the hydrostatic test of the pipeline should be tested before beingdischarged in a water body or be transported directly to the nearest wastewater treatmentplant after coordinating with the wastewater company and MWRI in order to reduce theimpacts on the aquatic environment.

7.1.9 Occupational Health and Safety Ensure the adequate implementation of occupational health and safety provisions on-site

such as providing the personal protective equipment (PPE) to the workers. The site should be provided by all the protective and safety requirements stipulated by labor

laws and occupational health.

7.1.10 Mitigation Measures for Hazards and AccidentsGASCO holds the responsibility to implement all the plausible precautions to safeguard the pipelineconstruction activities and protect the surroundings. An emergency preparedness response plan,which is already prepared by GASCO, will be in place to give instructions about the identification ofthe potential occurrence of accidents and emergency situations that may occur during the pipelineconstruction and how to respond to them to reduce the risks and impacts that may be associatedwith these emergency situations.

7.1.11 Management of Community health and safetyIn addition to all the environmental and social management and monitoring measures in this sectionwhich aim for health and safety, awareness-raising actions and signs should be provided to workersand community members to promote safety and health while safety supervisors hired by theimplementing company to oversee work sites and will be largely responsible for children and theirsafety around the construction site.

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Trenching activities can cause impacts on safety of the local community or the workers, in case thecontractor does not comply with the safety requirements. It is important to include necessary safetymeasures that the contractor should apply in the contracts and these measures to be monitored aspart of the monitoring activities.

7.1.12 Management of grievances (Environmental and Social Grievance Redress Mechanisms)Grievance system is also important to ensure that complaints are properly handled without delaythat may negatively affect the project. Moreover, to ensure that information is shared transparentlyand that they are accountable to the hosting communities. A functioning GRM is considered to be agood feedback mechanism from the project affected persons and one tool of the citizenengagement.

GASCO operates a comprehensive GRM procedure: Leaflets, posters and brochures are preparedand distributed to the beneficiaries, NGOs, local governmental units, mosques and churches. Thus,sufficient and appropriate information about the GRM will be shared with the communities prior tothe construction phase.

Additionally, the World Bank’s Grievance Redress Service (GRS) provides an additional, accessibleway for individuals and communities to complain directly to the World Bank if they believe that aWorld Bank-financed project had or is likely to have adverse effects on them or their community.The GRS enhances the World Bank’s responsiveness and accountability by ensuring that grievancesare promptly reviewed and responded to, and problems and solutions are identified by workingtogether. The GRS ensures that complaints are being promptly reviewed and addressed by theresponsible units in the World Bank.

The objective of the Grievance Redress Service is to make the Bank more accessible for project-affected communities and to help ensure faster and better resolution of project-related complaintsthrough the following link (http://www.worldbank.org/grs) and e-mail([email protected]).

The following procedures will be applied in order to have a clear grievance’s activities:

7.1.12.1 Institutional Responsibility for GrievancesGASCO Compensation Committee and Social Development Officer (SDO) in cooperation with thelocal government units, governorates, agriculture associations, and the project manager will addressall grievances raised by community people, particularly the ones related to resettlement activities.

The main tasks of the Social Development Officer are:

1- Raise awareness about the grievances mechanisms among the PAPs2- Collect the grievances received from different channel3- Document received grievances4- Direct the grievance to the responsible department to address the grievance

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5- Follow up on the resolution6- Document, report and disseminate outcomes of the grievances7- Monitoring of grievances activities

7.1.12.2 Grievance TiresThe proposed mechanism is built on two tiers of grievances:

First tier of Grievances: Site Project Manager (on Site) Eng. Ahmed Abdel Baky(010063878731) / Social Development Officer – Eng. Ahmed Galal (01211878678)

The Project Manager for each site / SDO is responsible to ensure that the GRM system iswidely advertised and well explained on the local level. Moreover, s/he will follow up on thecomplaint until a resolution is reached. The turnaround time for the response/resolutionshould be 10 days and The SDO should inform the complainant of the outcome of thegrievance.

It is worth noting that most of the previous experience of GASCO is suggesting thatcomplaints are usually handled efficiently and resolved on the local level. In case the PAP isnot satisfied with the resolution, the complainant shall submit the grievance to the secondlevel of grievance.

Second tier of Grievances: On the level of GASCO headquarter (Mediation Committee)

If the aggrieved person is not satisfied with the decision of the first tier, he can raise thecomplaint to the Mediation Committee at GASCO headquarter. The Mediation committeeshould ensure a resolution is made within 15 days.

The above mentioned tiers are consistent with the World Bank’s policy OP 4.12. Providingmulti-levels of tiers will result in amicable implementation of the project. It is a function ofthe project, to provide aggrieved people with an avenue for amicable settlement withoutnecessarily pursuing a court case. The absence of first tier mechanism denies project affectedgroups the direct channel for grievance and delays resolution of disputes against the interestof both the PAP and the projects

7.1.12.3 Grievance channelsDue to the diversity of the context in different Governorates and the socioeconomic characteristicsof the beneficiaries, the communication channels to receive grievances were locally tailored toaddress all petitioners concerns and complaints. The following are the main channels through whichgrievances will be received:

1. Project Manager (on Site)acts as the main channel for receiving complaints. He isavailable on the location. Most of the complaints raised to him/her are raised verbal.He should document all received grievances in written form, giving each grievance aserial number.

2. Hotline: 149 is the hotline in GASCO

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3. Community leaders and NGOs/CDAs are an appropriate channel, particularly, inrural areas.

4. Regular meetings with community members including influential stakeholders5. GASCO Website for literate persons who have access to the internet6. GASCO Compensation Committee, Mediation Committee and Government

Relations Committee7. .

7.1.12.4 Response to grievancesResponse to grievance will be through the following channels. The same channel the complaint was

submitted. Response to grievances should be handled in timely manner (according the durationindicated for each tier), thereby conveying a genuine interest in and understanding of the worriesput forward by the community.

1. GASCO should keep a record of complaints and results.

7.1.12.5 Monitoring of grievancesAll grievance activities should be monitored in order to verify the process. The following indicatorsshould guide the monitoring process:

1. Number of received grievances per month (Channel, gender, age, basic economic statusof the complainants should be included)

2. Type of grievance received (according to the topic of the complaint)3. Number of grievances solved4. Level of satisfaction with grievance resolutions5. Documentation efficiency6. Dissemination activities done7. Efficiency of response to grievance provided ( efficiency in time and action taken)

A Grievance Monitoring Report should be developed on a quarterly basis in order to keeptrack of all grievances developed. The report should be developed by the SDO in theGASCO headquarterAll grievances received shall be documented in a grievance register. The following table representsthe main contents of such form:

Box 1: Grievance formSerial Number:Markaz:Date:Gender of the aggrieved personAge of the aggrieved personEducation of the person reporting a grievanceTopic of grievanceActions to be taken (short term- long term)

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The referral of grievanceMonitoring for grievance

Figure 7-1 Grievance Form

7.2 Mitigation Measures for Impacts during Operation Phase

7.2.1 Mitigation Measures for Hazards and Accidents GASCO holds the responsibility to implement all the plausible precautions to safeguard the

pipeline during its operation and protect the surroundings. A full description of the technicaldesign measures used to mitigate the risk of any operational failures is provided in the QRAreport prepared by GASCO.

Regarding the possibility of the release of significant amount of natural gas during thepipeline operation, regular inspection and preventive maintenance activities will beconducted by GASCO to check the pipeline connection and the welding efficiency. Theinspection will additionally include checking any construction activities in the vicinity of thepipeline to prevent any failure that may lead to breakage or threaten the safe operation of thepipeline.

The pipeline is monitored by centralized SCADA systems monitored by GASCO to observethe operating parameters of the pipelines. If any failure occurred such as corrosions or leaks,valves supplying the pipeline will be shut down and the maintenance team will implementthe appropriate maintenance actions. In addition to that, signs with a number for emergencywill be placed on the pipeline route to be used in case of any emergency. Also, signsindicating the presence of the high pressure pipeline underneath will be posted.

Advanced fire and gas detection systems as well as shutdown and isolation systems will beinstalled all over the pipeline.

Pipeline patrolling will be conducted to ensure there are no encroachments on the pipeline,and the frequency of patrolling will vary according to area class as follows:

Table 7-1 - Pipelines Class and Patrolling FrequencyPipeline Location Vehicular Walking

Location Class 1 6 months No survey

Location Class 2 1 month vehicularaccessible areas in canal andriver crossings

6 months Arable land,AGIs, valve rooms,crossings, sleeves

Location Class 3 2 weeks survey all areas

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Location Class 4 2 weeks survey all areas

All necessary permits will be obtained from landowners, farmers, railways, etc. prior tostarting work. The patrol will ensure that he holds a valid identity card or letter ofauthorization.

Leakage surveying will be conducted to protect the surrounding population and workersagainst the effects of gas leakage from the pipeline in case any damage to the pipeline isdetected. The survey will be conducted in areas where the pipeline runs close to buildingsand workers.

Emergency Response Plan

An emergency preparedness response plan, which is already prepared by GASCO, will be in place togive instructions about the identification of the potential occurrence of accidents and emergencysituations that may occur during the pipeline operation and how to respond to them to reduce therisks and impacts that may be associated with these emergency situations. Workers will be providedwith adequate emergency preparedness and response training and simulations.

The Emergency Preparedness and Response Procedures includes the following aspects:

Overview of emergency management Emergencies classes brief description Key personnel responsibilities Typical site emergency procedure Emergency communication plan

GASCO HSE General Manager coordinates with all GASCO sites to review and update theemergency plan at least once a year, and all GASCO sites are provided with sufficient and suitabletools and capabilities needed for emergency situations. These facilities may be some or all of thefollowing:

Fire-fighting equipment Fire-fighting systems & automatic safety control systems Personal protective equipment (PPE)

The emergency response plan includes also a hotline for the local community to report anyemergencies. The number is “149” and it is advertised along the signs added to locate the pipeline.

Moreover, in planning the emergency preparedness response, GASCO takes into account the needsof relevant interested parties, e.g. emergency services and neighbors; where arrangements with theneighboring communities are agreed and considered to integrate them in emergency preparednessplan to overcome any possible accidents. Trial emergency experiments also take place periodically

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according to contingency plan requirements; involving relevant interested parties as appropriate. Thefull details of the HSE plan during the operation are attached in Annex 6.

7.2.2 Energy UseThis environmental aspect is considered a potential positive impact since the proposed project willsupport Egypt’s strategy by supplying the region with natural gas for electricity generation inaddition to supplying natural gas to the residential areas. This will eventually lead to economicgrowth as the project implementation will attract economic investments to the region.

7.2.3 Community health and safetySeveral measures are suggested to overcome obstacles to full understanding and adoption of safetymeasures by the clients in the social management plan. Examples include using drawings instead ofwritten instructions to improve communication with illiterate customers, coordinating with womenof local NGOs to explain safety precautions to women in the households to be connected, andconstantly monitoring the performance of emergency response units.

GASCO must perform regular inspections and maintain awareness campaigns to ensure that NGpipelines are not subject to encroachments as well as explain the components of the NG passingthrough the lines and measures to be taken in case of any accidents such as calling the hotline.

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8 Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plan(ESMMP)

8.1 Objectives of the ESM&MPThe objective of the Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plan (ESMMP), is tooutline actions for minimizing or eliminating potential negative impacts and for monitoring theapplication and performance of mitigation measures. The ESMMP identifies roles andresponsibilities for different stakeholders for implementation and monitoring of mitigations. Thissection also presents an assessment of the institutional capacity for implementing the ESMMP.

Wherever applicable, the ESMMP is designed to accommodate alternative context-specificmitigations and monitoring measures.

8.2 Institutional Framework for ImplementationThe project shall be implemented by the Egyptian Natural Gas Company (GASCO), an affiliate ofthe Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company (EGAS), which owns a majority share.

The following project management chart (Figure 8-1 – Site Project Management Structure inGASCO

),of GASCO indicates that the responsibility of each relevant employee in the project’simplementation.

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Figure 8-1 – Site Project Management Structure in GASCO

The Environmental Policy of GASCO mentions that the company and its affiliates are committedto:

Comply with legislation relevant to their nature of activity Provide training and awareness for their staff in order to carry out their work safely Achieve continual improvement in the fields of safety, health and environment Investigate and analyze incidents to prevent its recurrence Follow-up companies and contractors compliance and implementation of health, safety and

environment rules, regulations and provisions Provide necessary information and data on health, safety and environment Ensure execution of the policy through setting objectives, targets and an action plan. The

policy shall be reviewed whenever needed

Staff members of GASCO carry out audits and, to make sure the EMS is being implementedaccording to set objectives and targets. As part of the EMS procedures, GASCO presents monthlyand quarterly reports about its environmental performance. GASCO reviews these reports, andmakes occasional site inspections to compare these reports with field conditions.

8.2.1 Environmental Management Structure of Implementing Agency

Project ManagerEng. Ahmed Abdel Baky

Tasks InspectionEng. Ahmed Awad

Financial andAdministrative AffairsMr. Walid Abdel Kader

Site ManagerEng. Mohamed Zakareya

Safety, Environment andHealth

Eng. Wael Mostafa

Survey WorkMr. Amr El Hawary

Civil WorkEng. Mohammed

Khodeir

Mechanical WorkMr. Mohammed Abo

Zeed

Engineering WorkInspection

Eng. Shady Ismail

Electrical Work andDevices

Eng. Mahmoud Gamal

Governmental RelationsMr. Ali Labib

Cathodic ProtectionEng. Mohammed Abdel

Hamid Zidan

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GASCO is also certified for ISO:14001 and OHSAS:18001, and has direct involvement in theenvironmental management and monitoring of the natural gas pipeline. One of the standard tasks ofthe HSE Department of GASCO, which is followed up by EGAS, is establishing EnvironmentalRegisters for facilities, and frequent auditing of this register. The Environmental Register is auditedby the Environmental Department head of GASCO. The HSE Department performs audits twiceannually on the average, in addition to infrequent and emergency inspections. The routinemonitoring activities performed include:

Visual inspection of solid waste and scrap, and disposal methods Visual inspection of existence of liquid waste such as leaked condensate hydrocarbons or

chemicals used in the heaters Checking that handling of hazardous waste is according to the approved procedures, which

are described below Use gas analyzers to measure SO2, CO, CH4 and O2 in ambient air, and detect possible leaks Noise measurements

GASCO HSE personnel have received training on environmental auditing, environmental impactassessments for industrial establishments, and environmental legislation.

The Environmental Department of GASCO has been less involved on design, planning, tenderingand construction procedures of natural gas connection projects. Their role has been more effectivein the operational phase according to the described procedures above. However, the SafetyDepartment in GASCO usually reviews designs, and assigns full time staff member to supervise theconstruction contractor, making sure that adequate safety measures are considered during design andimplemented during construction.

The current positions and person-power of the HSE Department of GASCO is shown inFigure 8-2These positions are divided over three sectors of the HSE Department, namelyEnvironmental Protection, Safety and Fire Fighting, and Technical Consultancy and Inspection.Furthermore, representatives from each sector are present at the Site HSE department, as well as theHSE headquarters. The organizational structure is shown in Figure 8-3.

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Figure 8-2- OHSE Department positions and person-power

The ESMP will suggest mitigation and monitoring responsibilities for the contractor and GASCO’sHSE Department. The assignment of these responsibilities among the various sectors of thedepartment is the decision of GASCO HSE Management.

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Figure 8-3 -GASCO OHSE organizational chart

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8.2.2 Social Management Structure of Implementing AgencyThe analysis conducted during the preparation of the ESIA and the RAP showed clearly that themain impacts that should be carefully mitigated and addressed is the impact related to temporary andpermanent land acquisition and the accompanying process of crops valuation and payingcompensation. Currently, this process is done by GASCO through the Compensation Department,which participated in the formation of a Compensation Committee for the project.

The ESIA team noted that although this department is fully aware of the acquisition andcompensation issues and is adapting an approach which is very close to the Bank's requirements,certain specific considerations related to OP 4.12 are still not very clear for GASCO staff. The ESIAteam suggests appointing a "Social Development Officer" who should be working on full time basisduring the project construction to ensure the social management plan is sufficiently addressed. TheSocial Development Officer might be a GASCO staff with relevant background (e.g. a backgroundin social development or social science). It is required that the "Social Officer" be aware of theWorld Bank safeguard policy on involuntary resettlement and the associated procedures. Trainingcourses on participatory approaches and the aspects of OP 4.12 might be needed in order to buildhis/her capacity to efficiently follow up the implementation of the social management plan. TheSocial Development Officer will be working closely with the Consultant who will be preparing theRAP.

GASCO has appointed Eng. Ahmed Galal, a staff member of the Environmental and SocialDepartment as Social Development Officer during the project implementation. His contacts areadded in the grievance mechanism

8.2.2.1 Social Development OfficerThe main roles and responsibilities of the Social Development Officer are as follows:

He/She is the primary person in charge of ensuring that the proposed social managementplan is sufficiently considered and applied.

Develop detailed list of the local stakeholders and the NGOs representatives and maintaincommunication channels with them and ensure that they are engaged and consulted

Developing all the required techniques and formats to monitor the implantation of the socialmanagement plan

Report to the WB on the progress related to the ESMP and the safeguard policies includingthe fair compensation to PAPs

Assure transparent and timely sharing of information Review PAPs grievance and conduct regular feedbacks and meetings as a proactive and early

measure to eliminate disputes Follow up the progress to respond to the concerns of PAPs

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Work closely with local NGOs and other stakeholders to raise the awareness of localcommunities on the safety of line and other related issues.

This social management plan involves a monitoring process that will be the main responsibility ofthe Social Development Officer. The monitoring of the compensation process and the adherence tothe safeguard policy OP 4.12 necessitates the development of some forms/templates in order to beable to process the management and monitoring system appropriately. This includes a RegistrationForm for affected plots, containing specific information to identify the owner and the approximatevalue of the crops. Also, a grievance form should be used to record any complaints and ensure thataction will be taken. Draft model for these forms are provided in Annex 9. It should be noted thatthese forms should be updated by the Social Development Officer based on the actual needs.

The results of the monitoring and management system should be reported quarterly to theHeadquarter of GASCO. The monitoring and management will be implemented by the branches ofGASCO in each governorate under the supervision of the Social Development Officer.

In addition to appointing the Social Development Officer other local-based mechanisms are alsosuggested, mainly the establishment Compensation Committee with main objective of working as asafeguard mechanism to ensure that the interests of the poor and most vulnerable are protected andto ensure that the valuation and compensation process is as transparent as possible.

8.2.2.2 Compensation CommitteeThe main roles and responsibilities of the Compensation Committee are as follows:

Supervise the inventory survey for the project affected persons (PAPs) Valuate the affected assets Estimate the amount of compensations to PAPs based on the collected information

(Egyptian legislations and the World Bank safeguard policy OP 4.12) Prepare and disseminate lists of PAPs Obtaining approvals from GASCO on the planned compensation Apply proactive mechanism for grievance redress including transparent sharing of

information, carrying out consultative activities with the local communities and ensuringinvolvement of local leaders in resolving disputes.

Ensure that grievances are addressed

Normally, this Committee (currently is formed under GASCO projects) is composed of a manager,an accountant and a lawyer. The committee will be composed of the following members:

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A representative from the GASCO (namely the Social Development Officer and the staff ofthe Compensation Department including the lawyer,

A representative from the contractor A representative from the Agriculture Association

In cases of acceleration of disputes, a Supreme Compensation Committee with the responsibly ofsettling disputes could involve the same composition above headed by councilor from the SupremeCourt. It should be stressed here that all possible mitigation actions and procedures should beconsidered in order to prevent the in necessity of involving the Supreme Committee.

8.3 Management and Monitoring Activities during the Construction Phase

8.3.1 Management of Air Quality

8.3.1.1 Management of Dust EmissionsMonitoring dust emissions will take place by monitoring activities that generate dust such as(excavation, preparation of site, vehicles and equipment movement..); ensuring that measures forminimizing dust emissions are applied properly while performing such activities.

8.3.1.2 Management of Gaseous EmissionsMonitoring of air emissions will be done by the periodic inspection of vehicle maintenanceschedules, and black smoke produced from any machinery should be observed on-site.

8.3.2 Management of Solid, Construction and Hazardous Waste Generation

8.3.2.1 Solid and Construction Waste GenerationTo monitor solid and construction waste management practices, observation of solid andconstruction waste stockpiles should take place to ensure the frequency of their removal from thesite. Site observations will also take place to ensure that solid and construction wastes stockpiles donot contain hazardous components and monitor the frequency of their removal from the site.

8.3.2.2 Hazardous Waste GenerationTo monitor hazardous waste management practices, observation of hazardous waste stockpilesshould take place to ensure the frequency of their removal from the site.

8.3.3 Management of Land Use

• Recording any spills or leakages incidents and periodically analyzing these data.

• Surveying of structural status of buildings and performing soil investigations shall be undertakenunder the supervision of a structural consultancy firm if necessary.

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• The pipeline route should be revisited and investigated at the end of the construction phase toensure that the land has been restored to its original conditions before the project. Theseobservations can be performed as part of the pipeline patrolling and leakage surveying, described inSection7.2.1.

8.3.4 Management of Possible Risk on Damaging the Existing InfrastructureSuch risk can be monitored by documenting and analyzing reasons that led to the existence of suchtype of accidents and updating procedures to prevent their reoccurrence in the future.

8.3.5 Management of Noise ProductionMonitoring of noise impacts can be done by periodic observation of the extent of implementationof the mitigation measures mentioned above in section 7.1.6.

8.3.6 Management of Traffic CongestionImplementation of all mitigation measures mentioned in section 7.1.7 in coordination with TrafficDepartments of the appropriate governorate shall be monitored.

8.3.7 Management for Occupational Health and SafetyManagement of Occupational health and safety can be monitored by on-site observations and alsoby assuring that all health and safety measures mentioned in Section 7.1.9 are applied adequately on-site during the construction phase. An occupational health and safety plan done by the contractor isavailable for the construction phase and could be found in annex 13.

8.3.8 Management of Water Bodies/Wastewater Generation Monitoring if any oily appearance or smell is observed on-site. This could indicate whether

to classify this water as hazardous waste or not, and determine whether it should be sent toan appropriate treatment plant. Coordination with MWRI is necessary regarding the watergenerated from the hydrostatic testing

Reviewing the hazardous wastes register to track the quantities and types of generatedchemicals and oils wastes on-site and assure that the collection and handling of suchsubstances is done by an authorized contractor.

8.3.9 Monitoring Activities TableThe tables below include the proposed mitigation measures for each impact, the implementationdirect responsibility and the supervision responsibility, in addition to the proposed monitoringactivities and methods, frequency and location of monitoring during the construction phase.

The preliminary cost for the general implementation and supervision for all the proposed mitigationmeasures was estimated to be approximately 13,000 EGP/month. Additional costs will be stated forsome mitigation measures in the following table.

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Table 8-1 - Mitigation measures and their responsibility during construction phasePotentialEnvironmentalImpact




Estimated Cost

Air emissions Implementation ofregular maintenanceschedule formachinery

Ensuring thatvehicles andequipment will notbe left runningunnecessarily toreduce gaseous andexhaust emissionsfrom diesel engines


GeneralImplementation/supervisioncost: 13000 EGP/month

Dust Emissions Water sprayingbefore excavation,filling, loading andunloading

Spraying ofstockpiles, storage incovered areas

Using paved routesto access the site



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PotentialEnvironmentalImpact




Estimated Cost

wherever possible. Sheeting of Lorries

transporting friableconstructionmaterials

Ensuringtransportation ofconstruction wasteby a licensedcontractor

Minimizing dropheights for materialtransfer activitiessuch as unloading offriable materials

Risk of damagingexisting infrastructure

Consult maps beforeexcavation work

Use of trial pits Analysis of accidents

logs If a line break occurs,

the nearest policedepartment and thecorresponding



Cost of infrastructuredamage will vary accordingto the type of damage. Thecost will be charged on thecontractor.

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Estimated Cost

authority shall beinformed to repairthe damaged line

Solid, Construction andhazardous wastegeneration

Identification anduse of approvednearby disposal sitesthrough localauthority

On-site segregationof wastes accordingto their types

Designation and useof appropriatestockpiling locationson site

Covering wastestockpiles to avoidambient airpollution

Daily hauling ofwaste to disposalsite in coveredtrucks

Activities involving


Hazardous Waste Disposal:3500 EGP/ton +transportation cost

GeneralImplementation/supervisioncost

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Estimated Cost

fueling, lubricatingor adding chemicalswill not take placeon-site (unless it isnecessary) to avoidsoil pollution andgeneration ofadditionalhazardous wastes

Containers of usedchemicals and oilwill be collected anddisposed in anapproved hazardouswastes facility

The hazardousliquid waste will becollected in specificdrums andtransferred byauthorizedcompanies

Noise Minimize the timeof exposure ofworkers to noise



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Estimated Cost

Ensuring the use ofear plugs in the field

Training all theworkers before thecommencement ofconstructionactivities about thishazard and how toavoid it

Constructionactivities will beminimized duringnight so as not todisturb thesurroundings

All machines andvehicles should beshut-off when notused

Traffic Congestion Using signs fordrivers before thecommencement ofany constructionactivities to informdrivers and ensure



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Estimated Cost

the safety of theroads

Planning alternativeroutes when roadsare obstructed

Choosing a locationfor temporarystorage ofconstructionmaterials,equipment, tools,wastes andmachinery beforeconstruction so asnot to cause furthertraffic disruptions

Avoidingconstruction workat the traffic peaktimes wheneverpossible

Prohibitinguncontrolled offroad driving

Water Acquire discharge Contractor GASCOHSE site General Implementation/

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Estimated Cost

bodies/Wastewatergeneration

permits fromsewage/irrigationauthority

Liquid wastegenerated such aschemicals andsewage should becollected in suitabletanks

The water resultingfrom thehydrostatic test ofthe pipeline shouldbe tested beforebeing discharged ina water body or betransported directlyto the nearest watertreatment plant.Prior coordinationwith the Ministry ofWater Resourcesand Irrigation(MWRI) and theHolding Company

supervisor supervision costSampling cost: 6500 EGP/sample

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Estimated Cost

for water andwastewater isnecessary.

Hazards and Accidents An emergencypreparednessresponse plan,which is alreadyprepared byGASCO, will be inplace to giveinstructions aboutthe identification ofthe potentialoccurrence ofaccidents andemergencysituations that mayoccur during thepipelineconstruction andhow to respond tothem to reduce therisks and impactsthat may beassociated with

GASCO HSEdepartment

GASCO Headquarters GASCO management cost(General Implementation/supervision cost)

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Estimated Cost

these emergencysituations

Land Use Restoring the landto its originalcondition at the endof the constructionphase.

Hazardous liquidshave to be handledcarefully in order toavoid the spilling orleaks to the ground

Contractor GASCO Headquarters General Implementation/supervision cost

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Estimated Cost

Occupational Healthand Safety

Ensure the adequateimplementation ofoccupational healthand safety provisionson-site such asproviding thepersonal protectiveequipment (PPE) tothe workers.

The site should beprovided by all theprotective and safetyrequirementsstipulated by laborlaws andoccupational health.


Training Cost: 6000EGP/training program


Table 8-2 - Environmental Monitoring during ConstructionImpact Monitoring



Location Methods EstimatedCost

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Air emissions Inspection ofvehicle andmachinerymaintenanceschedule


Quarterly Documentationoffice

Review of schedule 13000EGP/monthfor Generalimplementation andsupervisioncost

Exhaustemissionsconcentrationsfrom dieselgenerators

Contractor(via thirdparty)


Once beforeconstructioncommencement, thenquarterly foreach vehicle

Vehiclemaintenancesite

Sampling ofexhaust emissions

10000 EGP/sample

DustEmissions

Inspection of theconstructionactivities


Daily Constructionsite

Site observation Generalimplementation andsupervisioncost

Risk ofdamagingexistinginfrastructure

Frequency andlocation ofdamage incidents


Monthly Documentationoffice

Documentation inthe monthly HSEreports andaccidents logs


Cost ofinfrastructur

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e damagewill varyaccording tothe type ofdamage.The costwill becharged onthecontractor.

Solid,Constructionand hazardouswastegeneration

Use of on-siteallocatedstockpilelocations


Weekly Constructionsite

Site observation GeneralImplementation/supervisioncost

On-sitesegregation ofhazardous wastecomponentsfromconstructionwastes and othernon-hazardouswastes




Quantities andtypes of waste


Daily Construction Recording ofdailytransportation

hazardouswaste

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generated Officer site statistics andrecords from thewaste disposal sites

disposal: 3500EGP/ton+transportation cost

Noise Sound intensitylevels andexposuredurations



Quarterly, atleast onemeasurementpercontractor/subcontractor

Constructionsite

Noise recording,reporting inmonthly reports


SamplingCost: 5000EGP/sample

Complaints fromneighboringresidents


Quarterly Constructionsite

Assessment of thefiled complaints


Use of earmuffsby Constructionworkers




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TrafficCongestion

Trafficcongestions



Obstructed roadsobservation


Complaints fromneighboring/affected residents



Assessment of thefiled complaints


Appropriateimplementationof themitigationsmeasures agreedupon with thecontractor


Monthly Constructionsite


Waterbodies/Wastewatergeneration

Oily appearanceor smell ofwastewaterstreams

Samples to testwastewaterwhich will bedischarged (pH



Continuousduringconstructionand hydrostatictesting

Constructionsite

Site observationand chemicalanalysis

6500EGP/sample


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odour, TSS,COD, BOD, Oil& Grease…etc)

Wastewateranalysis

Samples to testwastewaterwhich will bedischarged (pHodour, TSS,COD, BOD, Oil& Grease…etc)



Beforedischarging thewastewater

Constructionsite

Chemical analysis 6500EGP/sample


Soil / LandUse

Recording anyspills or leakagesincidents andperiodicallyanalyzing thesedata.


Upondetection ofany spillage orleakageincidence

Constructionsite


Surveying ofstructural statusof buildings andperforming soilinvestigations



Yearly, ifnecessary

Structuralconsultancyfirm for theaffected site (ifany)

Structuralconsultancy firm


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The pipelineroute should berevisited andinvestigated atthe end of theconstructionphase to ensurethat the land hasbeen restored toits originalconditionsbefore theproject


After end ofconstruction

Constructionsite

Site investigation GeneralImplementation/supervisioncost


PPEs, first aidkits, emergencyplans, fire-fightingequipment,….etc.



Observation GeneralImplementation/supervisioncost

TrainingCost: 6000EGP/training program

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8.4 Management and Monitoring Activities during the Operation PhaseThis section describes the monitoring activities that will be undertaken during the operation phaseof the project.

8.4.1 Management of Hazards and AccidentsTo prevent, as much as reasonably practicable, the hazards that could be expected from theoperation of the natural gas pipeline on the surrounding communities and environment, GASCOwill implement all the necessary precautions to safeguard the pipelines operation. GASCO will beresponsible for monitoring the entire length of the pipeline outside the power stations, and as forthe components inside the power station; it will be the responsibility of the electricity authority tomonitor these components. In general the monitoring of the pipeline will be done through thefollowing actions.

8.4.1.1 Pipeline PatrollingPatrolling the pipeline is done by GASCO on regular intervals, according to the pipeline locationclass as explained in section 7.2.1, to ensure that no activities or actions undertaken in the area cancause damage to the pipeline. The patrolling is done using either a vehicle or walking over the lineover a duration ranging from 2 weeks to 6 months according to the defined line class.

The patrol will be responsible to observe and report any findings to the Sector Office on a dailybasis, if any pipeline is at risk, the notification should be carried out as soon as possible. In case ofrisk, the patrol will obtain an authorization letter from GASCO to directly stop the work or actionbeing carried out immediately. A report will be written by the patrol on a daily basis to record theday’s proceedings.

8.4.1.2 Leakage SurveySurvey for leakages from the pipeline will be done through several monitoring activities, one beingonsite leakage survey duty which has a certain frequency set by a qualified engineer with suitableexperience in the field of corrosion control for buried ferrous pipes, according to the ASME B 31.8.The survey duty frequency will be determined in advance and reviewed annually, and in case itcoincides with the patrolling duties, it can be done simultaneously, but reported in different sheets.

An additional measure will be monitoring the pipeline operation pressure, which will be monitoredthrough the centralized SCADA system operated by GASCO personnel. This monitoring systemwill indicate any significant pressure drop in the pipeline in case of leakages.

Inspection on the status of the cathodic protection should also be conducted on defined intervals,according to the practical experience of the engineering department, in each area to avoid any failurein the pipeline due to corrosion. An inspection and maintenance report will be prepared by theinspection team to report the observations and actions taken during the work performed.

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Additional precautions should be taken for the sections of the pipelines marked as vulnerable, orreported as high risk area. Also, the patrolling and leakage survey teams should receive trainingabout the proper method to carry out their tasks.

8.4.1.3 Emergency ResponseIn case of emergencies, the proper action will be taken according to GASCO’s Emergency ResponseProcedure. The procedure includes the key personnel responsibilities and communication methods,as well as the emergency classes. Reports will be prepared after the necessary actions are taken todocument the cause of the emergency and the remedial actions taken. An emergency response plandone by GASCO is available for the operation phase and could be found in annex 6.

8.4.2 Monitoring Activities TableThe tables below include the proposed mitigation measures for each impact, the implementationdirect responsibility and the supervision responsibility, in addition to the proposed monitoringactivities and methods, frequency and location of monitoring during the operation phase.

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Table 8-3 - Mitigation measures and their responsibility during operation phasePotentialEnvironmental Impact



Responsibility of directsupervision

Estimated Cost

Hazards and Accidents Scheduled patrollingactivities, inspectionand preventivemaintenance activities

Inspection willinclude any activitiesthat could potentiallylead to damage in thepipeline

In case of emergency,the source of the leakwill be isolated untilthe maintenance teamperforms the requiredmaintenance

Signs will be postedover the pipeline pathshowing the numbersto be called in case ofemergency

HSE department atGASCO (on-site section)

HSE department atGASCO (central unit andadministration)

GASCO managementcost

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Table 8-4 - Environmental Monitoring and Management Plan During Operation PhaseImpact Monitoring



Location Methods EstimatedCost

Hazards andAccidents

Patrollingreports for thepipeline

GASCO inspectionDepartment in thepipeline’s area


2 weeks,(According topipeline ClassTable )

Pipeline route Patrollingschedule

GASCOManagementcost

Regularinspection andmaintenance

GASCOmaintenanceDepartment in thepipeline’s area

GASCOmaintenanceDepartment inthe head office

Quarterly(According tothe inspectionandmaintenancetime plan)

Pipeline route Inspectionandmaintenancetime plan

GASCOManagementcost

Leakage surveyand pipelinepressureparameters(throughSCADA system)

GASCO inspectiondepartment/GASCO operationdepartment in thepipeline’s area

GASCOinspectiondepartment/GASCOoperationdepartment inthe head office

2 weeks, 1month or 6months(According tothe leakagesurveyschedule)/continuousmonitoring

Pipeline routeanddocumentationoffice

LeakageSurveySchedule/operationallog

GASCOManagementcost

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9 Stakeholder Engagement and Public Consultation

The public consultation chapter aims to highlight the key consultation and communityengagement activities and their outcomes, in addition to outlining the key aspects to beaddressed when holding the consultation activities.

Throughout the various consultation and engagement activities, the work teamsexperienced and recorded the different reactions of the community and thegovernmental stakeholders towards the proposed project. The main concern was that theconstruction of the pipelines does not meet the expectations of the local community tobe connected to the natural gas service. Temporary land acquisition is expected as well asimpacts on the market value of the land.

Consultation activities (scoping, interviews, focus group discussions, publichearings/consultations) with various stakeholders and community people in the hostcommunities were held for the proposed NG pipeline connections project in compliancewith:

- WB policies related to disclosure and public consultation, namely,o World Bank Procedure (BP 17.50)o World Bank Operational Policy (OP 4.01)

- Egyptian regulations related to the public consultationo Law 4/1994 modified by Law 9/2009/2009 modified with ministerial

decrees no. 1095/2011 and no. 710/2012

Objectives of various consultation activities are summarized as follows:1- Define potential project stakeholders and suggest their possible project roles2- Disseminate comprehensive information about the project to enable stakeholders to

identify their concerns, needs, and recommendations.3- Document stakeholder feedback and enhance the ESIA accordingly4- Identify the most effective outreach channels that support continuous dialogue with

the community5- Discuss potential resettlement plans and impacts of involuntary resettlement

9.1 Defining relevant stakeholders

The following table represents the stakeholders contacted and engaged during theconsultation events:

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Table 9-1 - Main stakeholders identified for theStakeholder Role/ concern

Local Governmental entitiesGovernorates The main role of the governorates is the provision of support

to the project through mobilizing people to gain informationabout the project. Media is known to shed light on activitiesof the governorate entities

Local Governmentalunits (Districtauthorities and villageauthorities)

- Permissions for the lands needed for valve rooms shouldbe prepared by the governorate and approved by theLGU.

- Rehabilitation of roads, which is one of the major issuesraised by the community, will be performed by the LGU.

Other governmental entitiesInformation Centers onthe governorate level

Provide construction company with underground utilitiesand infrastructure maps.

GovernmentalAuthorities

Various authorities in the governorate will support the projectthrough permissions for excavation works, maintenance,health related issues, etc.

EgyptianEnvironmental AffairsAgency (HQ andRBOs)

Responsible for reviewing and approving ESIAs, andmonitoring implementation of the EnvironmentalManagement Plan

MediaTelevision and radiorepresentatives

Inform the community about the project and its impacts andsupport dissemination of ESIA studies

Press peopleWebsites editors

NGOs working on environmental and social related aspectsNGOs on the centrallevel

Play an active role in any awareness-raising related to theprojectMay provide financial support to the poorer customersNGOs on district level

Specific union ofNGOs

OtherPrivate companies Mainly potential tenderers for construction worksTraders Provide workers with food and amenities.Contractors From the project adjacent areas, may be affected.

Environment CommitteeEnvironmentCommittee at SuezGovernorate

The committee is responsible for coordinating and reviewingenvironmental aspects for developmental projects in thegovernorate.

Natural Gas companiesGASCO Implementing agency overseeing activities of the

Environmental and Social Management PlanPETROJET The Company What Will Implement The Construction

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The abovementioned stakeholders were consulted using various tools i.e. Individualinterviews, group meetings and public consultation. Most of them have attended thepublic consultation hearings conducted during March – April 2016. However, some ofthem were interviewed in their premises in order to enable them to spell out theirconcerns and worries freely.

9.2 Consultation Methodology and Activities

GASCO has conducted a preliminary public consultation session, as part of the processof updating the existing ESIA of Giza North gas pipelines and in line with the nationallegislative requirements and The World Bank requirements. This session was held priorto the preparing of the draft ESIA and RAP of the current study. The session was held inCairo on 12th January 2016 (announcement was published on GASCO website:www.gasco.com.eg). The following topics were presented and raised during theconsultation session were:

Introduction about GASCO The proposed new project and proposed routes Project activities Scope of the updated ESIA Anticipated environmental and social impacts, mitigation measures and

monitoring plans Resettlement Policy Framework Terms of Reference of independent consultant to prepare site/route specific

ESIA Terms of Reference of independent consultant to prepare site/route specific

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP); Terms of Reference of independent consultant to prepare due-diligence for

associated facilities Terms of Reference to prepare Quantitative Risk Assessment

Figure 9-1 - EGAS Assistant Vice President introducing thepublic consultation session

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Figure 9-2 - Presenting the routes of the gas pipelines

Later consultation activities were held during the current study. Consultation activitieswere conducted on two rounds during the preparation of the site/route specific ESIA.The consultation process during preparation of the ESIA was a dynamic and evolvingprocess which adapted with the nature and expectations of the host community. Theconsultation process also strongly involved consultation with Suez Petroleum ProcessingCompany Residence who are the main affected party.

Throughout the various consultation and engagement activities, the work team cameacross various prejudices and misconception related to the project. Such perceptionoriginated from the unfavorable experience the community had with various previousdevelopment projects.

Additionally, managing community expectations and avoiding over-promising is also akey aspect of efficient stakeholder communication and helps to avoid

9.3 Scoping session event

Consultation activities were conducted in Suez governorate on the 22 of March, 2016. Three consultants from GASCO and EcoConServ (environmental and social) Four representatives of GASCO One representatives of EEAA accompanied the teams Three administrative managers and numerous drivers Public relations officer from Suez Governorate

The list of invitees included EEAA regional branch, environmental offices of thegovernorates, NGOs, and various government employees, in cooperation with theConsultant. Invitees were informed of the date and location of the scooping session atleast two weeks ahead. Participants were invited through:

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1- Invitations sent by GASCO via mails, Faxes and e-mails.2- Telephone communication by GASCO and the Consultant.3- An advertisement was published in Gomhoryia Newspaper.

Consultation was held in conference hall affiliated to El-LahamSuez School. Social mediaalso participated in informing community people about the event

9.3.1.1 Participants profile

The event was conducted on the 22 March 2016. 67 persons attended the consultationevent. They are segregated into 80.5% males and 19.4% females.

Table 9-2 - Distribution of Participants by ProfessionDistribution of participants according to Profession Numbers Percentage

Administrative officials governorate level 11 16.4

Gas Companies 14 20.8

Community members 42 62.6

Figure 9-3 - Advertisement published in El Gomhoria newspaper

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Total 67 100

9.3.1.2 Summary of the discussions

The session started by Eng Abdel Sattar Demerdash – GASCO Vice Chairman forNetworks welcoming the participants: Suez Governorate Secretary General andrepresentatives for other stakeholders. The current project is a national project that willprovide Natural Gas to Suez Thermal Power station as well as upgrade the Sumedimports line. Both projects are funded by World Bank and aim to provide anenvironmentally friendly source of energy. The current session is held in compliance withthe law of the environment 4/1994 and its executive regulation for year 1095/2011.

Major General Shokry Sarhan – Suez Governorate Secretary General, has welcomedalso the participants and asked the Suez Governorate Environment Committee toexpress their opinions towards the current project. The session is held according to therequirements of EEAA according to law number 4/1994.

Eng. Ibrahim Mahmoud – Head of health and Safety department – GASCO, hasthen described the route of the pipeline and the areas it is supposed to pass through. Aswell as describing the safety measures for the pipeline projects during operation. TheSuez pipeline aims at providing the natural gas for Suez thermal power station to replaceMazout.

The consultant (environmental and social experts) has described the study methodologyand data collection process.

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Figure 9-4–The speakers panel during the scoping session

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Figure 9-5 - the panel Figure 9-6 - Eng. Ibrahim Mahmoudpresents the project

Figure 9-7 - Social impact assessment Figure 9-8 - Participants

Figure 9-9 - Female participations Figure 9-10 - Community leaders

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Table 9-3 - Key comments and concerns raised during the Scooping SessionConsultations

Topic/Issue Questions and comments ResponsesImpacts on landuse

It is important to pay attention to theland use. A previous project had anegative impact and result in one of thetouristic beaches being totally unused.The study has to take these kinds ofimpacts into consideration.The area behind the Suez PetroleumProcessing Housing area is currentlynot used, but it is important to takeinto consideration potential urbanexpansion at this area during planningof the pipeline.

We take into considerationdevelopment plans until 2020,as we consult with thegovernorate to coordinateaccordingly.

Impacts on traffic There are several important trafficintersections such as Salah Nessim roadin the path of the line. Please take intoconsideration impacts on the traffic inthis road. This road is highly importantfrom a socio-economic perspective; itis the main route for heavy trucks intoSuez.

Analysis of socio-economic impacts

Please in the socio-economicdescription go beyond statistics and tryto describe how the project respondsto the actual needs of the community.Explain potential job opportunities thatthe project will provide and the actualcommunity participation efforts.

Safety and naturaldisasters

What is the width of the pipeline?What are the safety measures applied tothe pipelines during operation?

With regards the safetymeasures, we have increasedthe thickness of the iron coatof the pipelines to avoidcorrosion. We use specialscanning devices regularly toexplore any damages to thelines immediately included anycorroded sections internally orexternally.We take into considerationsafety codes (ASME). Weleave more than the requiredcodes between the line and theresidential areas.

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Topic/Issue Questions and comments ResponsesWhat strategy does the company applywith regards third party and naturaldisasters?Does GASCO have a hotline forreporting any accidents? Or in case weneed to communicate with thecompany for any reason?Does the current study include afeasibility study? Are the pipelinesmore economic than the gas cylinders?Please plan the excavation worksduring night to avoid traffic disruptionduring peak times.Is there a strategy for combatting fires?

Economically natural gassaves a lot of the amountsused to subsidize gascylinders. The governmentstrategy considers that naturalgas is more economic fromthis sense.GASCO applies strict safetymeasures.Natural Gas is also lessflammable and safer thanother petrochemicals. We useSCADA software to monitorsafety measures. So far verylimited number of accidentshave occurred.GASCO has also an insuranceplan against natural disastersand third party.

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9.4 Scoping Session disclosure activities

The importance of the project for the government and the community was reflected inmedia coverage. Various newspapers presented some news related to the project,particularly, because the governor shed light on the project

Figure 9-11 -http://www.youm7.com/

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Figure 9-12 - http://www.elwatannews.com/

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9.5 Public consultation event

Consultation activities were conducted in Suez Governorate on the 14 of April . Three consultants from EcoConServ (environmental and social) GASCO representatives Head of EEAA Suez Regional Office Public relations department at Suez Governorate

The list of invitees included EEAA regional branches, environmental offices of thegovernorates, NGOs, governmental media centers, and various government employees,in cooperation with the Consultant. Invitees were informed of the date and location ofthe Public Consultation at least two weeks ahead. Participants were invited through:

1- Invitations sent by GASCO via mails, Faxes and e-mails.2- Telephone communication by GASCO and the Consultant.3- An advertisement was published in Gomhoryia Newspaper.

Consultation was held in Al-Leham School Hall, at Suez Governorate.

Figure 9-13 - Public Consultation Advertisementpublished in El Gomhoria newspaper

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9.5.1.1 Participants profile

The event was conducted on the 14 of April 2016. 47 persons attended the consultationevent. They are segregated into 74.4% males and 25.5% females.

Table 9-4 - Distribution of Participants by professionDistribution of participants according to Profession Numbers Percentage

Administrative officials governorate level 7 14.8

Gas Companies 14 29.7

Community members 26 55.3

Total 47 100

9.5.1.2 Summary of discussions:

Eng. Ibrahim Mahmoud - Head of Health and Safety department – GASCO, hasintroduced the project and indicated the importance of the new pipelines to support theexpansion of the energy sector (Power Generation stations). This session is the secondsession that aims to present the results of the environmental and social impactassessment study for the 2 lines: Suez and Sumid pipelines. Suez pipeline aims to providenatural gas to Suez thermal station while Sumid pipeline aims to support the import linefor supply of the New Capital power station.

Major General Mahmoud Refaat – Head of Suez RBO, EEAA is currently studyingextensively the route from the environmental side. We understand the importance of theproject for the national economy and we are studying all environmental aspects in depth.We are here to listen to the comments by the civil society representatives and otherstakeholders

Mr. Mohamed Nashaat – Assistant to the Secretary General – Suez Governorate,has welcomed the participants on behalf of the governor of Suez. It is important to reacha positive resolution with regards the current project.

Eng. Ibrahim Mahmoud – Head of Health and Safety department – GASCO, hasthen described the route of the pipelines. As well as describing the safety measures forthe pipeline projects during operation. The Suez pipeline aims at providing the naturalgas for Suez thermal power station to replace Mazout. The other project aims to supportthe Sumed import line to meet the local requirements from Natural Gas.

The consultant presented the main findings of the environmental and social impactassessment study. The study aims to present mitigation measures to minimize negative

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impacts. This project is considered project C according to EEAA regulations. It requiresa full ESIA as well as two public consultation sessions. The consultant has conductedseveral field visits as well as measurements and collected samples during preparing of thestudy. The consultant has presented both the environmental and social impacts duringconstruction and during operation, as well as the ESMP.

Figure 9-14 - Speakers Panel Figure 9-15 - Participants of the session

Figure 9-16 - Presentation of theenvironmental expert

Figure 9-17 - Discussions from theparticipants

Questions and comments:

Topic/Issue Questions and comments ResponsesRestoration رد الشئ لأصلھIncluded in the ESMP

It is important to ensure therestoration of the site رد الشئ after completion of theلأصلھ project.

This is a requirement that isincluded in the contract with thecontractor.

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Topic/Issue Questions and comments ResponsesImpacts on traffic

Included in the ESMP

It is important to ensure that theexcavation will not impact thetraffic movement, especially SalahNessim road.

We are ensuring that GASCO hasadopted the HDD technique toavoid open excavation and ensurethat there is no disruption to thetraffic flow. Hence limited impactswill occur with regards the trafficmovement.

Impacts oftraversing thestormwater area

It is important to note that thepipeline will pass the stormwaterarea. GASCO needs to ensurethat there will be no technicalimpacts on the pipeline in thisarea. It may be necessary forGASCO to upgrade thestormwater area.

We will conduct all safety measuresto protect the pipeline at crossingthe stormwater area.

Impacts on housingareas

Section 2.2.2 analysis ofsensitive resources

The route passes very close to thehousing area of the SuezPetroleum Processing Companyand Salah Nessim Vocationalschool. Please indicate themitigation measures to limit thedisturbance to the populationduring construction.

We are going to use HDDtechnique to avoid disturbance onthe local community. This will limitthe impacts on the surroundingareas.

Please also discuss more aboutthe safety measures to avoid anynegative impacts that may occurlater to the residents of the area (Iam a resident of this area andwould need to be reassured of oursafety). Is it possible to review theroute?

We apply the ASME internationalstandards. The safe area isminimum 3 meters in housingareas. We apply even more thanthat. In addition to our other safetymeasures for early detection of anyfaults in the route.

We have also conducted a QRAstudy for this area. So the risk isvery very limited on the housingarea. Given also that the number ofresidents is limited about 2buildings only.

Selection of theroute

Discussion in Chapter 6,Analysis of alternatives

Was it possible to avoid the areanear the Suez PetroleumProcessing Company? To passthrough Safa housing area andavoid this area.

We have been coordinating withthe different authorities to selectthis route for years and thisrepresents the best alternative wecould agree upon with all relevantauthorities.

Impacts on landuse

What impacts on the coastal andbeach area? Will there be impactson the pipeline from the marineside? Have you coordinated withthe Suez Petroleum ProcessingCompany Housing area?

We have coordinated with the SuezPetroleum Processing Company forthe line to pass through theirpremises and on the beach area.

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Topic/Issue Questions and comments ResponsesIs the route subject to impacts ofthe ebb and tide or not?

No impacts in that sense areexpected.

It’s important to take intoconsideration the future plans forland use including urbanexpansions

The route will pass behind this area.And safety measures are takenaccording to the ASME codes. It ispossible to build the land laterleaving the safe are 3 meters.

Safety and disasters

Annex 5, emergencyresponse plan

What are the safety measures asthe line approaches a residentialarea?

We work on avoiding cases ofleakage through applying differentmethods for ensuring safety.

GASCO applies the safetymeasures of international codes. AQRA study has been conducted forthe pipeline.There is a smart system to scan thepipeline for any faults.

WB safeguard policy requireextreme safety, we are asking ifthe study is in line with WBrequirements? What kind ofprecautions will be taken toensure safety of the population inthe route?

Yes we follow the WB standards aswell as the Egyptian laws andregulations relevant in this issue.

What are the safety precautions incase any accidents occur? Crisismanagement is very important forthe safety of the local community.We would like to discuss thesemeasures at this stage.

We have a regular patrolling system.Please also use the natural gashotline 02149 to report anyproblems with our lines. It isimportant to also hold somecommunication activities to raiseawareness of the local communityon the safety measures.

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9.6 Public Consultation disclosure activities

Figure 9-18 - http://www.almalnews.com

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Figure 9-19 - http://sadaelseed.comhttp://sadaelseed.com

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References1. IFC Performance Standard on Environmental and Social Sustainability, effective

January 2012.2. World Bank Group, Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines, 20073. Guidelines of Principles and Procedures for Environmental Impact Assessment,

EEAA, 2nd Edition, January 20094. Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Gas Distribution Systems, IFC

and World Bank, 30 April, 20075. Guidelines for Oil and Gas sector, EEAA, January 20056. World Health Organization (WHO). Air Quality Guidelines Global Update,

2005.7. Suez Region Environmental Review Report, Ministry of Housing, Utilities and

Urban Communities, 20148. Suez Governorate Environmental Description, EEAA, 20049. Bosworth, W & Ken McClay, K, 2001. Structural and stratigraphic evolution of

the Gulf of Suez Rift in Egypt: a synthesis10. Egypt Map, Topography, https://www.worldofmaps.net/en/africa/map-

egypt.htm11. Www.weatherbase.com12. Meteoblue

(https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/forecast/modelclimate/suez_egypt_359796)

13. National Authority for Physical Planning, Egypt Development Map 2017, 199714. D1357-95 (Reapproved2000) Standard Practice for Planning the Sampling of the

Ambient Air15. “Long-term Leq errors expected and how long to measure (Uncertainty & Noise

Monitoring)”, Dietrich Kuehner, Forum Acusticum 2005 Budapest.16. Egyptian 4th National biodiversity Report, 2009.17. GEF for the Red Sea and Gulf of Adan, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.18. http://www.iucnredlist.org/about/overview19. BirdLife International (2016) Country profile: Egypt. Available from:

http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/country/egypt. Checked: 2016-03-3120. Lansdown, R.V. & Juffe Bignoli, D. 2013. Juncus rigidus. The IUCN Red List of

Threatened Species 2013:e.T185693A13559337. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T185693A13559337.en. Downloaded on 26 March 2016.

21. Akhani, H. 2014. Tamarix nilotica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species2014: e.T19179434A46081355. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T19179434A46081355.en. Downloaded on 26 March 2016

22. Kubitzki, Klaus (2010). Flowering Plants. Eudicots: Sapindales, Cucurbitales,Myrtaceae. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 273–275. ISBN 978-3-642-14397-7.

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23. The Vegetation of Egypt, Zahran M.A., Willis A.J, 2nd Edition, Springer.24. "USDA GRIN Taxonomy"

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10 AnnexesAnnex 1: Pipeline Route Map

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Annex 2: Pressure Reduction Station Description

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Annex 3: Governmental Approvals

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Annex 4: Timeline Plan of the Project

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Annex 5: Baseline Measurements

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Annex 6: Traffic Study

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Annex 7: Emergency Response Plan

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Annex 8: Solid Waste Management Plan

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Annex 9: Grievance Form

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Annex 10: Scoping Session Participants list

N Name Job Mobile

1. Hala Abou El-Hassan Abd El-Rehem Environmental Researcher - EEAA -2. Mona Abd El-Tawab Abd El-Gawad Environmental Researcher - Suez EEAA -3. Manar Wagdy Mohammed Environmental Researcher - Suez EEAA -4. Aaida Mahmoud Soliman Director General of Tourism Promotion -5. Joseph Gerges Ghabrial Chairman of the Suez thermo project

sector-

6. Adel Abd El-Tagali Hamoda Director General of the East DeltaElectricity Production

01227687055

7. Mohammed Goda Mohammed Director General of the Ministry ofTourism Office

01002615025

8. Tamer Mohammed Reda Large safety zone Suez engineers 012070400369. Mohammed Essam Ashour Engineer - environmental protection -

EGAS01008993058

10. Gen. Mahmoud Refaat Director of Environmental Affairs AgencySuez Branch

-

11. Abd Al-Fatah Mohammed El-Sayed Director General of the East DeltaElectricity Production Company

01119425918

12. Abd El-Hafiz Mohammed Ahmed Suez Thermal Power Station -13. Moustafa El-Sayed Ali Suez Thermal Power Station 0100021888414. Reda Ali Hassan Suez Thermal Power Station -15. Abd Al-Halim Ibrahim Khaled Suez Thermal Power Station -16. Ahmed Mohammed Hamzawy - 0122434132117. Hassan Ali Hassan Abu Bakr Planning and implementation of projects

and programs of economic reform expert01003452880

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18. Diaa Abd El-Gelil Executive General Manager ofGovernment Relations

01000404182

19. Ahmed El-Sayed GASCO -20. Reda Samir Director General of Occupational Safety

and Health Project Suez Thermal PowerStation

01227021241

21. Nagwa Mohammed Seif Director of Media Complex - Suez 0122530811922. Kareem Ebied EcoConServ 0109823117523. Ahmed Samir Boghdady Engineer projects - EGAS 0109888121424. Nada Tarek Engineer projects - EGAS 0121277334325. Khaled Mohammed Youssef Nahdet Masr Society 0101362270526. Amr Mohammed Ali Assistant Director of the Association of

Egypt makers01021931964

27. Azza El-Tarabeli Executive General Manager of theEnvironmental Protection - GASCO

01224566425

28. Ibrahim Mahmoud Ahmed Director General of Occupational Safetyand Health - GASCO

01006072291

29. Ahmed Galal Khairy Assistant Director-General projects 0122218632830. Mohammed Mahmoud Suez Security Directorate 0100433888431. Alaa Abd El-Meged Director of Suez area - GASCO 0100115991432. Kareem Magdy GASCO 0102306055233. Mohammed Abd El-Bar GASCO 0106955352534. Ashraf Dyab Director of Department - GASCO -35. Ashraf Lotfy Hanna Director General of the lines of Suez and

the Red Sea01094445827

36. Hesham El-Ghrbawy Director General of Civil Works Assistant 0111111753637. Hamdi Rabee El-Sayed Assistant Director 0127626149338. Kamal Ahmed Amaar Suez Renaissance Society 0100833311639. Bahaa Basher Mohammed Suez Renaissance Society 0100518950540. Ranem Abd El-Rehem Ahmed Environmental Researcher 01098567631

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41. Montaser Sabah El-Dien Director of Faculty of PetroleumEngineering

01062750338

42. Ahmed Mohammed Ahmed Director General of the devices Suezpower station

01003328352

43. Diaa Abd El-Gelil Executive General Manager ofGovernment Relations

-

44. Ahmed el-Sayed Abd Al-Wahab Head of Government Relations - GASCO -45. Tamer Mohammed Reda Large safety Suez power station engineers -46. Moustafa El-Sayed Ali Suez Thermal Power Station 0100021888447. Safaa Fadiel Amin Director of the Department 0122482988448. Mounir Moheb Shehata Deputy Director of the Department of

Environmental Affairs01005545087

49. Ahmed Abd Al-Latif El-Sayed Director General of safety and theenvironment - Suez

01282673611

50. Ezaat Abd el-Moniem Abdullah General Manager of the engineeringinspection

01223360717

51. Jamal Abu El-Majd Abd El-Gawad Executive General Manager of the safetylines and stations - GASCO

01006072870

52. Ali Mansy Akhbar Al-Youm 0109506081853. Ahmed Al-Damaty Traffic officer 0122710287054. Taher Abd El-Satar Shalabi Director General of the Suez networks 0122120120555. Mohammed Sayed Zakria Engineer 0114511112556. Ahmed Sayed Abd El-Baki Director General of the Executive 0100014640057. Moustafa Ahmed Abd El-Meged Director General of Projects - GASCO 0114683637958. Manal Hassan Hassan Moustafa Director General of Social Affairs 0122568454859. Yasser El-Saied Director of Information preservation 0122629948760. El-Sayed Abd El-Hamed El-Sayed Media - Governorate 0127564054461. Aml El-Sayed Mohammed Red Sea Ports Authority 0101011764862. Abd El-Hamd Kamal Member of the Higher Committee for the

Environment - Suez01222684705

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63. Nageb Gouda Ibrahim District chief 0101355686864. Adel El-Baker Journalist 0120041888465. Ehab Abu El-Hassan Ali Director of Project Management Canal

Electricity Distribution Company01125365519

66. Hossam El-Dien Ibrahim Director General of Fire 0122962770367. Nahed Ali Abd El-Fatah News Channel correspondent 01223136782

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Annex 11: Public Consultation Participants list

No. Name Job Telephone

1. Ossama Gaber Abd El-Wahab Public relations - the governor's office 012045441152. Ahmed Mohammed Ibrahim Occupational Safety and Health 010060724483. Tarek Ahmed Yasser Khaled Environmental specialist 012299318864. Azza Abas El-Tarabeli Director General of the Executive

Environmental Protection - GASCO01224566425

5. Ezzat Abd El-Moniem Abdullah General Manager of the engineeringinspection

01223776054

6. Mohammed Saied Mohammed First projects engineer 012831146667. Mohammed Hessien Saleh General Manager of Safety - Suez - GASCO 010060723608. Nermin Nabil Karam Assistant Director-General a protection

mechanism - EGAS01008554009

9. Nada Tarek Projects Planning Engineer - EGAS 0121277334310. Ashraf Dyab Director of the Department - GASCO 0122166077111. Nageb Gouda Ibrahim District chief 0101355686812. Essam El-Sayed Mohammed Head of Unit – City Gas 0122237496613. El-Sayed Ahmed Director General of Electricity 0122709787414. Maged Afify Mohammed Director General of the Environment -

SOMID01120118111

15. Mohammed Abd El-rehim Abdullah General Manager of Maintenance - GASCO 0122726478716. El-Sayed Abd el-Hameed Media Governorate 0127564054417. Nashaat El-Baroudy Assistant secretary-general of the province -18. Amr El-Hawary Director of space management - GASCO 0100656580819. Hassan Ali Hassan Planning and implementation of projects and

programs of reform and economic adviser01003452880

20. Abu El-Magd El-Masry - 0122314106821. Tarek Madboly - -22. Mona Abd El-Tawab Researcher environmental impact assessment -

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EEAA23. Tamer Mohammed Reda Alaam Large safety engineers - Suez thermal station 0100316544424. Mounir Moheb Shehata Deputy Director of Environmental Affairs

Management – Suez Governorate01005545087

25. Ahmed Sayed Director General of Executive Projects 0100014640026. Mohammed Sayed Zakria Excellent engineer implementation of projects 0114511112527. Medhat Refaat Abdullah Public Relations Specialist 0128106595128. Ibrahim Eid Ibrahim Public Relations 0128988292229. Ibrahim Mahmoud Ahmed Occupational Safety and Health - GASCO 0100607229130. Marwa Samir Tawfiq EcoConServ 0100790978931. Marwa Saied Ibrahim Alexandria Petroleum Company for

maintenance01003000729

32. Ahmed Jalal Khairy GASCO 0122218632833. Ramadan Abu El-Hassan Head of NGOs 0122337371434. Mohammed Sayed Arab Nasserist Party 0122833976735. Shereen Ezzat Hassan Head of planning and projects department -

EGAS01097833332

36. Nasser Mohammed Abu Bakr Assistant Director-General 0122775619137. Adel Abd El-Mutgaly Hamuda Director General of the Environment East

Delta Electricity Production01227687055

38. Nasser Zogheb Director General of the regions of Easternregion - GASCO

01006072614

39. Eied Abd El-Gelil Suez Media Center 0127076134240. El-Sayed Saad El-Sayed General Authority for Roads and Bridges 0100794866741. Ahmed Mohammed Ali Zaid GASCO 0100443768642. Fawzia Hassan Nasr Company for Petroleum 0122312883043. Reda Samir Director General of Occupational Safety and

Health - Suez Thermal Power Station01227021241

44. Hala Abu El-Hassan EEAA -45. Shaimaa Mohammed Khalaf - 0100220298346. Abd El-Hafiz Mohammed Suez Thermal Power Station 01004716824

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47. Ahmed Abd El-Latif El-Sayed General Manager of Safety 01282673611

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Annex 12: Applying the Rating Matrix Method to Assess the Environmental Impacts in theConstruction and Operation Phases

Annex 12 Table 1 - Impact assessment for construction stage environmental aspects

Aspect Description ImpactSeverityRanking(S)

FrequencyRanking(F)

× Significant

Air Quality

Dustemissions areexpected tooccur duringtheconstructionphase due toon-siteactivities andfrom trucksfugitive dust.

Adversehealth impacton therespiratorysystem of theworkers

4 4 16

Aquatic andMarineEnvironment

Improperdisposal ofthe wastewaterresulting fromthe testingactivities

Negativeimpact on thewater bodiesreceiving thiswastewater

4 2 8

Noise andvibration

Noise arisingfrom theoperation ofconstructionequipment andmachinery

adversehealthimpacts onthe auditorysystem of theworkers

4 4 16

Flora andFauna

The projectsite is a desertarea with noSignificantflora and fauna

No flora andfauna will beaffectedduring theprojectconstruction.

2 3 6

Land use,Landscape

There is nouse for the

Negativeimpact

-3 -2 -6

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FrequencyRanking(F)

× Significant

and VisualImpact

route area..

However, theexcavationactivitiesduring theconstructionphase mayaffect theresidentialareas locatedalong thepipeline route

resultingfromdamagingareas close toroads andclublandscapeduring theconstructionphase

Soils,Geology andHydrogeology

Theexcavationactivities willresult indisturbance ofthe soil andgeologicalcharacteristics

Negativeimpact on thesoil andgeologyduring theconstructionphase

2 2 4

Traffic

Traffic anddelivery ofconstructionmaterials andequipment tothe project site

Minimaladverseimpactconcerningthe trafficduring theconstructionphase.

3 4 12

Archaeological, Historicand CulturalHeritage

There is noanyarchaeologicalconcernsencounters thepipeline route

Noarchaeologicalimpact willtake placeduring theconstructionphase

- - -

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FrequencyRanking(F)

× Significant

NaturalDisaster Risk

Earthquakeand floodsmay disturbtheconstructionactivities

Negativeimpact on thetime scheduleof theconstructionactivities

3 4 12

MajorAccidentsand Hazards

Theconstructionactivities mayinclude leaksof the oilequipment andmachinery

Negativeimpacts onthe soil andgeneration ofhazardouswaste

3 4 12

Solid WasteManagement

Generation ofconstructionwaste e.g.SoilConcrete;Welding beltsUsed oils

Adverseimpacts ontheenvironmentfrom thepossibleimproperdisposal ofthe solidwastes.

Furthermore,adverseimpacts fromincreasedtraffic loadwhentransportingwaste todesignatedlandfillsand/ordisposal sites

4 4 16

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FrequencyRanking(F)

× Significant

are expected.

PublicHealth

The dustresulted fromtheconstructionactivities mayaffect theresidents alongthe pipelineroute.

Negativeimpact on theresidentsalong thepipeline route

2 3 6


Health andsafety hazardsduring theconstructionphase fromthe on-siteconstructionactivities.

Adverseimpacts onoccupationalhealth &safety of theworkers

4 3 12

ExistingInfrastructure

Theconstructionphase may leadto breakingany of theundergroundinfrastructurepipeline(water,sewerage ortelecommunication)

Negativeimpacts onthe watersupply or thetelecommunication servicefor thesurroundingareas

3 4 12

Energy Use

Fuelconsumptionby vehiclesand equipment

Air pollutionand theassociatedhealth effects

2 3 6

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Annex 12 Table 2 - Impact assessment for operation stage environmental aspectsAspect Description Impact Severity

Ranking(S)

FrequencyRanking(F)

× Significant

Air Quality

Gaseousemissionsformmaintenanceactivities, Nogaseous, dustor odoremissions areexpectedduring theoperation ofthe line.

Small amountsof CH4 releaseduringmaintenance.Generaldecrease ingaseousemissionsfrom powerplants due tofuel switch.

2 1 2

Aquatic andMarineEnvironment

The projectoperation willnot affect theaquaticenvironment

The projectwill not impactin this regards

- - -

Noise andvibration

Minimalnoise will begeneratedfrom theoperation thevalve rooms

Noise resultingfrom the valverooms is notconsidered tobe significant

2 2 4

Ecology (Floraand Fauna)

The pipelineis laidundergroundwith minimalmaintenanceactivities

The projectwill not impactthe flora andFauna

2 1 2

Land use,Landscape andVisual Impact

The pipelineis laidundergroundwith minimalmaintenanceactivities

The projectwill not impactthe land use

3 2 6

Soils, Geology The No geological - - -

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andHydrogeology

operation ofthe pipelinewill not affectthe soil or thegeology ofthe land

impact willoccur duringthe operationphase

Traffic

Theoperation ofthe pipelinedoes notincludeanytruckmovementexcept duringmaintenanceandinspection

Very smallincrease intraffic volumeduring theoperationexcept duringmaintenance

1 2 2

NaturalDisaster Risk

Earthquakesmay lead topipelinebreakage

Negativeimpact on thegas networkconnections

4 1 4

MajorAccidents andHazards

Release ofsignificantamounts ofnatural gasdue to anyfailure in thepipeline orduring themaintenanceactivities inthe valverooms

Adverseimpact on thesurroundingenvironment

4 1 4

Public Health Apart fromthe release ofsignificantamounts ofnatural gasdiscussedabove, The

The projectactivity willnot have anegativeimpact in thatregards

1 1 1

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projectoperation willnot affect thepublic health


The pipelineoperation willnot affect theoccupationalhealth andsafety as therewill be a smallnumber ofworkersduring theinspectionandmaintenanceactivities

The projectactivity willnot have anegativeimpact in thatregards

1 1 1

Solid WasteManagement

The pipelineoperation willnot disposeany type ofsolid wasteexceptoccasionallyduringmaintenance.

The projectactivity willnot have anegativeimpact in thisregards

1 1 1

ExistingInfrastructure

The projectoperation willnot affect theexistinginfrastructure

No significantimpactconcerning theexistinginfrastructure

- - -

Archaeological,Historic andCulturalHeritage

The projectoperation willnot includeany activitiesaffecting thehistoricheritage

There is nonegativeimpactconcerning thehistoricheritage duringthe operation

- - -

Energy Use This project Positive 3 4 12

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will help insupplying theregion withnatural gasforgeneration ofelectricitywhich willenrich thenationalelectricity grid

impact on theenergyresources

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Annex 13: Occupational Health and Safety Plan for Construction

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Annex 14: Emissions Reductions Calculations

The pipeline will serve new Suez Thermal Power Plant. The power plant will utilize natural gas togenerate 650 MW electricity per year that would have otherwise be generated using a mix of morecarbon intensive fuels (Heavy fuel oil, Light fuel Oil and Coal).

1. Baseline Emissions:

The following equation has been used to estimate the baseline emissions:BE CO2,elec,y = EC,y * EFgrid,y

Where:BE CO2,elec,y are the baseline emissions from electricity generated by the power plant during the year

y (tCO2/yr);

ECPJ,y is the quantity of electricity that would have been generated by the project activityduring the year y (MWh);

EFgrid,y is the emission factor for the grid in year y (tCO2/MWh)

The emission factor of the grid is calculated as follows:

y

yi,,COyi,i,

y,i,

y,grid,EG

.EF.NCVFCEF

2 12

Where:

EFgrid,OMsimple,y = CO2 emission factor in year y (tCO2/MWh)

FCi,,y = Amount of fossil fuel type i consumed by power plant / unit m in year y(mass or volume unit)

NCVi,y = Net calorific value (energy content) of fossil fuel type i in year y (GJ / massor volume unit)

EFCO2,i,y = CO2 emission factor of fossil fuel type i in year y (tCO2/GJ)

EF,y = Net electricity generated and delivered to the grid by all power sourcesserving the system in year y (MWh)

12 The methodological “Tool to calculate the emission factor for an electricity system” (Version 2.1), Cleandevelopment mechanism

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i = All fossil fuel types combusted in power plant / unit m in year y

In order to estimate the Emission factor of the grid, data from the latest report issued by theMinistry of Electricity & Renewable Energy (2013/2014) has been used. Additionally, data from theMoEE regarding the future energy mix that will be used to generate electricity in 2022 has been usedto estimate the future EF of the grid. The values of grid emission factor in the years between 2014and 2022 and post 2022 have been estimated.

Table 5: Net Electricity Production in year 2013/2014 13

Net Electricity Production in year 2013/2014

Hydro 13,352

Thermal 138,795

Generated Energy from Wind (Zafarana) 1,446

Purchased Energy from IPPs 62

Generated from private sector (BOOT) 14,154

Total Net electricity generated (excluding isolated units), (GWh) 167809

Table 6: Fossil fuels amounts consumed in the electricity system in year 2013/2014 14

Fuel type Units 2013/2014

Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) Tonnes 7,809,000

Natural Gas (NG) m3 28,263,000,000

Natural Gas (NG) tonnes * 21,994,553

Liquid Fuel Oil (LFO) Tonnes 56,600

Special Liquid Fuel Oil (LFO) Tonnes 76,800

13 Egyptian Holding Electricity Company, Annual Report, 2014


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Table 7: CO2 emissions per ton of fuelFueltype

FuelConsumption

Units NCV TJ/Tonne15 CO2 emisisons factor(tCO2/TJ) 16

CO2 Emissions(tCO2/t fuel)

HFO 7809000 Tonnes 0.0404 75.5 23,819,012

NG 28263000000 m3 -

NG 21994553 tonnes 0.0480 54.3 57,326,602

LFO 56600 Tonnes 0.0430 72.6 176,694

SpecialLFO 76800

Tonnes 0.0430 72.6 239,754

CO2 emissions, 2013/2014 (tCO2) 81,562,062

CO2 emission factor 2013/2014 (tCO2/MWh) 0.5874

Table 8: Anticipated Net electricity production for Year 202217

Net Electricity Production in year 2022

Hydro 13,519

Thermal (NG + HFO) 256,865

Wind and solar 112,660

Coal 67,596

Total Net electricity generated (GWh) 450640

Total installed capacity (MW) 86000

15 IPCC Guidelines 2006 - Part 2 - Energy

16 ibid

17 “Addressing Egypt’s Electricity Vision, Minister of Electricity & Renewable Energy: Dr. Mohamed ShakerEl-Markabi

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Table 9: Anticipated Fossil fuels amounts to be consumed in the electricity system in year 2022 18

Fuel type Units 2013/2014

Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) Tonnes 9,441,689

Natural Gas (NG) tonnes * 45,031,610

Liquid Fuel Oil (LFO) Tonnes -

Coal Tonnes 31,271,047

Table 10: CO2 emissions per ton of fuelFueltype

FuelConsumption

Units NCV TJ/Tonne19 CO2 emisisons factor(tCO2/TJ) 20

CO2 Emissions(tCO2/t fuel)

HFO 9441689 Tonnes 0.0404 75.5 28,799,039

NG 45,031,610 tonnes 0.0480 54.3 117,370,389

LFO - Tonnes 0.0430 72.6 -

Coal31,271,047

Tonnes 0.035 94.6 103,538,436

CO2 emissions, 2022 (tCO2) 249,707,864

CO2 emission factor 2022 (tCO2/MWh) 0.5541

2. Project Emissions:

The project emissions are calculated based on the following equation:

PE CO2,elec,y = ECPJ,y * ECNG,y

Where:PE CO2,elec,y are the project emissions from electricity generated by the power plant during the year y


19 IPCC Guidelines 2006 - Part 2 - Energy

20 ibid

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(tCO2/yr);

ECPJ,y is the quantity of electricity that would have been generated by the project activityduring the year y (MWh);

EFNG,y is the emission factor of the power plant that utilizes natural gas in year y (0.51tCO2/MWh)21

The following table summarizes the baseline emissions, the project emissions and the emissionreductions generated by the project.

Year Electricitygeneratedby SuezThermalPowerPlant

(MWh)

EF grid

(tCO2/MWh)

BaselineEmissions

(t CO2/y)

Project Emissions

(t CO2/y)

EmissionsReductions

(t CO2/y)

2014 - 0.5874 - - -

2015 - 0.5832 - - -

2016 - 0.5791 - - -

2017 5148000 0.5749 2,959,591 2,625,480 334,111

2018 5148000 0.5707 2,938,174 2,625,480 312,694

2019 5148000 0.5666 2,916,757 2,625,480 291,277

2020 5148000 0.5624 2,895,340 2,625,480 269,860

2021 5148000 0.5583 2,873,924 2,625,480 248,444

2022 5148000 0.5541 2,852,507 2,625,480 227,027

2023 5148000 0.5499 2,831,090 2,625,480 205,610

2024 5148000 0.5458 2,809,673 2,625,480 184,193

2025 5148000 0.5416 2,788,256 2,625,480 162,776

21 US Energy Information Administration (EIA)