sexual reproduction in plants ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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Overview of floral organs
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Structure of the flower• It is the organ for sexual reproduction• It has sepals petals , stamens & carpels • Stamens & carpels are the reproductive parts of
the flower which contain the germ cells Carpel/
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Flowers are of two types
1. Unisexual flowers
2. Bisexual flowers
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Unisexual flowers
Flower which contains either stamen or pistil is called unisexual flower
Ex-papaya , water melon
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Flower which contains both stamen & pistil is called Bisexual flower
EX- Hibiscus , Mustard
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Reproductive floral organs: female• Carpel or pistil – female
reproductive organ• Itcontains:• Ovary – enlarged structure
at the base of carpel/pistil where the ovules are located; it will become the fruit after fertilization
• Ovules – contains female germ cell or egg cell.
• It becomes seed after fertilization
• Stigma – is where pollen sticks to
• Style – is the long tube that connects stigma to ovary
carpel or pistil
ovary
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Reproductive floral organs: male• Stamen – male floral organ • It consists of:• Anther – part of the stamen that produces pollen• Filament – stalk-like structure that holds anther• Pollen grain –male gametophyte which consist
of male gametes
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Steps in sexual reproduction• 1. Pollination• 2. Germination of pollen grain• 3. Fertilization • 4. Formation of the fruit & seed
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POLLINATION• The transfer of
pollen from the male anther to the female stigma
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NEED FOR POLLINATION• The male gamete
present in the pollen grain fuses with the egg cell present in the ovule to form the zygote which produces a new plant
• For this the pollen needs to be transferred from stamen to the stigma
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Types of pollination• 1. Self pollination• 2. Cross pollination
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Transfer of pollen grains from anther to the stigma of the same flower is called self pollination
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Transfer of pollen grains from anther to the stigma of the another flower is called cross pollination
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Pollen grain germination• After the pollen lands on
the suitable stigma, it has to reach the female gamete present in the in the ovary
• For this pollen grain germinates on the stigma & forms a pollen tube
• It travels through the style & reaches the ovule present in the ovary
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Fusion of the male & female gametes is called fertilization
It occurs inside the ovule
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Pollen grain germination & fertilization
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FORMATION OF THE FRUIT & SEED
• After fertilization the zygote devides several times to form an embryo within the ovule
• The ovule develops a tough coat & is gradually converted into a seed
• The ovary grows rapidly to form a fruit• Sepals , petals, stigma, style fall down
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Double Fertilization• Double fertilization occurs: One sperm
nucleus (1n) fertilizes the egg, producing a zygote (2n) which becomes the plant embryo inside the seed
• Another sperm nucleus fuses with the polar nuclei, resulting in a triploid endosperm (3n)
• Endosperm is a source of food for the young embryo.
Endosperm
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Structure of the seed
•It has cotyledons
•Plumle- which gives shoot system
•Radicle which gives root system
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Seed germination• The seed
contains the future plant or embryo which develops into seedling under appropriate conditions. This process is called seed germination